Water treatment for rural areas by slow sand filtration

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Segalla Pizzolatti ◽  
Marcus Bruno Domingues Soares ◽  
Denise Conceição de Gois Santos Michelan ◽  
Luis Romero Esquivel ◽  
Maurício Luiz Sens
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Slow Sand Filtration

scholarly journals Natural organic matter removal by ion exchange at different positions in the drinking water treatment lane

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grefte ◽  
M. Dignum ◽  
E. R. Cornelissen ◽  
L. C. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Biological Stability ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Slow Sand Filtration

Abstract. To guarantee a good water quality at the customers tap, natural organic matter (NOM) should be (partly) removed during drinking water treatment. The objective of this research was to improve the biological stability of the produced water by incorporating anion exchange (IEX) for NOM removal. Different placement positions of IEX in the treatment lane (IEX positioned before coagulation, before ozonation or after slow sand filtration) and two IEX configurations (MIEX® and fluidized IEX (FIX)) were compared on water quality as well as costs. For this purpose the pre-treatment plant at Loenderveen and production plant Weesperkarspel of Waternet were used as a case study. Both, MIEX® and FIX were able to remove NOM (mainly the HS fraction) to a high extent. NOM removal can be done efficiently before ozonation and after slow sand filtration. The biological stability, in terms of assimilable organic carbon, biofilm formation rate and dissolved organic carbon, was improved by incorporating IEX for NOM removal. The operational costs were assumed to be directly dependent of the NOM removal rate and determined the difference between the IEX positions. The total costs for IEX for the three positions were approximately equal (0.0631 € m−3), however the savings on following treatment processes caused a cost reduction for the IEX positions before coagulation and before ozonation compared to IEX positioned after slow sand filtration. IEX positioned before ozonation was most cost effective and improved the biological stability of the treated water.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Mollusk Sand Filtration and Absorption of Active Carbon to Decrease Pb, Turbidity and pH in Rain Water and Its Correlation to Public Health in Pontianak

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khayan Khayan ◽  
Adi Heru Husodo ◽  
Indwiani Astuti ◽  
Sudarmadji Sudarmadji ◽  
Tjut Sugandawaty
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Turbidity Level

Pb found in rain water is not only caused by tin roof on houses but also caused by the pollution of industrial activities, vehicles and land clearing activity by fire. Pb pollutant dissolves and enters into rain water storages and it’s consumed as drinking. Pb can cause bad impact to human, for example disruption of enzyme, anemia and low intelligence. The purposes of this research are (1) to evaluate Pb, pH and turbidity level in rain water, (2) to analyze the effectiveness of mollusk sand filtration and the absorption of activity carbon to decrease Pb, turbidity and  pH, and (3) to analyze the correlation of Pb, length of stay and smoking habit on public health. This research is an experimental by using pre and post test designs with control and observational by using cross sectional design. The research was conducted in urban and rural areas of Pontianak and Kubu Raya regency. The sampling was done in determining the number of samples of Pb, pH and turbidity in rain water. The analyzing the data by using computer program. The results show that: (1) the average of Pb, pH and turbidity level before treatment is considered high at 131.7 µg/L on Pb, turbidity at 20 NTU and low pH at 5.2. After the treatment was the Pb has decreased to 0.71 µg/L and turbidity has to 5.66 NTU, pH to 6.9 and (2) Rain water treatment is very effective to decrease Pb for 99.4% and turbidity for 72%, and (3) there is a correlation among Pb found in rain water, length of stay and smoking activity to public health. Recommends that: the residents of Pontianak and Kubu Raya to process rain water before consuming. The rain water treatment can be done by applying mollusk sand filtration and absorption of active carbon.

Removal of cyanobacteria by slow sand filtration for drinking water

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvano Porto Pereira ◽  
Fabiana de Cerqueira Martins ◽  
Lenora Nunes Ludolf Gomes ◽  
Manoel do Vale Sales ◽  
Valter Lúcio De Pádua
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Slow Sand Filtration ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Slow Sand Filter ◽  
The City

Potential problems arising from the presence of cyanobacteria in water intended for human consumption have been reported by several researchers. Regarding water treatment plants, intact cells of cyanobacteria should be removed to avoid the release of cyanotoxins due to cell lysis. Water treatment techniques with different degrees of complexity can be employed but, whenever possible, the method of easiest installation, operation and maintenance should be selected, especially for non-industrialized countries and rural communities. In this context, research was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of slow sand filtration to treat water from Gavião reservoir in the city of Pacatuba, Ceara, Brazil, which has exhibited phytoplankton density of approximately 105 cells/mL with a prevalence of cyanobacteria representing over 90% of total cells. The results have demonstrated that slow sand filtration can be used to achieve water purification that meets federal standards. However, it was established that filtration through beds of gravel (prefilter) before the slow sand filtration is essential. The removal of phytoplankton reached values of approximately 97% and the filter run duration was more than 70 days. Furthermore, the slow sand filter was very efficient in removing total coliforms, with removal of up to 99.98%.

scholarly journals Applying Bio-Slow Sand Filtration for Water Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 2243-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laisheng Liu ◽  
Yicheng Fu ◽  
Qingyong Wei ◽  
Qiaomei Liu ◽  
Leixiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Slow Sand Filtration

scholarly journals Association between the concentration of protozoa and surrogates in effluents of the slow sand filtration for water treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léo Heller ◽  
Maria Berenice Cardoso Martins Vieira ◽  
Ludmila Ladeira Alves de Brito ◽  
Daniella Pedrosa Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Slow Sand Filtration
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