Mechanism of Spontaneous Heating of Hay Part 1 — Necessary Conditions and Heat Generation from Chemical Reactions

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1561-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Miao ◽  
S. Yoshizaki
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Spontaneous Heating

Heat Generation in Ferrous Metal Piles

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
S. R. Gollahalli ◽  
J. E. Francis ◽  
D. Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Spontaneous Heating ◽  
Marine Transport ◽  
Ferrous Material

A laboratory-scale experimental study of the basic processes and controlling parameters involved in the spontaneous heating of a pile of ferrous metal turnings during their marine transport is presented. The results indicate that the salinity of seawater, the amount of moisture coming in contact with the turnings, the surface area of turnings, the volume of container, and the bulk density of the pile affect the temperature rise in the ferrous material.

Conditioning of Ash Residue in the Reaction Wave of Glass-Forming Heterogeneous Composition

1997 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.K. Karlina ◽  
G.A. Petrov ◽  
M.I. Ojovan ◽  
G.A. Varlackova ◽  
S.A. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
Ash Residue ◽  
Reaction Wave ◽  
Exothermal Chemical

ABSTRACTThe possibility of furnace free vitrification of ash residue was considered by using heat generation by means of exothermal chemical reactions which occur in the mixture of heat generating materials (heating batch), glass forming batch and ash residue.

Surface reactions observed by photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM)

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
H.H. Rotermund
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Clean Surface ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Single Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Photoemission Electron

Chemical reactions at a surface will in most cases show a measurable influence on the work function of the clean surface. This change of the work function δφ can be used to image the local distributions of the investigated reaction,.if one of the reacting partners is adsorbed at the surface in form of islands of sufficient size (Δ>0.2μm). These can than be visualized via a photoemission electron microscope (PEEM). Changes of φ as low as 2 meV give already a change in the total intensity of a PEEM picture. To achieve reasonable contrast for an image several 10 meV of δφ are needed. Dynamic processes as surface diffusion of CO or O on single crystal surfaces as well as reaction / diffusion fronts have been observed in real time and space.

Microwaves: Application in Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
Anthony S-Y Leong ◽  
David W Gove
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Tissue Fixation ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Dipolar Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cryostat Sections

Microwaves (MW) are electromagnetic waves which are commonly generated at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. When dipolar molecules such as water, the polar side chains of proteins and other molecules with an uneven distribution of electrical charge are exposed to such non-ionizing radiation, they oscillate through 180° at a rate of 2,450 million cycles/s. This rapid kinetic movement results in accelerated chemical reactions and produces instantaneous heat. MWs have recently been applied to a wide range of procedures for light microscopy. MWs generated by domestic ovens have been used as a primary method of tissue fixation, it has been applied to the various stages of tissue processing as well as to a wide variety of staining procedures. This use of MWs has not only resulted in drastic reductions in the time required for tissue fixation, processing and staining, but have also produced better cytologic images in cryostat sections, and more importantly, have resulted in better preservation of cellular antigens.

Fine structure and properties of defects in naturally occurring silicates and oxides

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-461
Author(s):  
David R. Veblen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Image Simulations ◽  
Similar Crystal Structure

Extended defects and interfaces control many processes in rock-forming minerals, from chemical reactions to rock deformation. In many cases, it is not the average structure of a defect or interface that is most important, but rather the structure of defect terminations or offsets in an interface. One of the major thrusts of high-resolution electron microscopy in the earth sciences has been to identify the role of defect fine structures in reactions and to determine the structures of such features. This paper will review studies using HREM and image simulations to determine the structures of defects in silicate and oxide minerals and present several examples of the role of defects in mineral chemical reactions. In some cases, the geological occurrence can be used to constrain the diffusional properties of defects.The simplest reactions in minerals involve exsolution (precipitation) of one mineral from another with a similar crystal structure, and pyroxenes (single-chain silicates) provide a good example. Although conventional TEM studies have led to a basic understanding of this sort of phase separation in pyroxenes via spinodal decomposition or nucleation and growth, HREM has provided a much more detailed appreciation of the processes involved.

Heat Generation and Transport in the Earth

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Jaupart ◽  
Jean-Claude Mareschal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
The Earth
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document