scholarly journals PREDICTION OF NO 3 -N LOSSES WITH SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER FROM MANURED AND UAN-FERTILIZED PLOTS USING GLEAMS

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bakhsh ◽  
R. S. Kanwar ◽  
D. B. Jaynes ◽  
T. S. Colvin ◽  
L. R. Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
N Losses

A WETLAND TO IMPROVE AGRICULTURAL SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER QUALITY

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Miller ◽  
J. K. Mitchell ◽  
R. A. Cooke ◽  
B. A. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Drainage Water

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) for mitigating nitrogen leaching losses from a winter grazed forage crop on a free draining soil in northern Southland.

2012 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C.Smith T.Orchiston R.M. Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Brassica Crop ◽  
Ceramic Cups

Evidence suggests that the wintering of stock on forage crops is a significant contributor to N losses from livestock farming. Losses are likely to be exacerbated if crops are grown on shallow free-draining soils types and grazed by dairy cattle. A three-year trial (December 2008 - November 2011) was conducted in northern Southland on a soil classified as having severe vulnerability for nutrient leaching to groundwater. Porous ceramic cups were installed under a brassica crop which was grazed by dairy cows in June each year and the leachate collected regularly for N analysis. The treatments evaluated were with and without a single application of DCD applied at the time of crop grazing. Concentrations of nitrate-N in drainage water ranged from 40 mg/L in May 2011. Concentrations of dissolved organic N (DON) also increased from a low initial value (

scholarly journals Nutrient losses in drainage and surface runoff from a cattle-grazed pasture in Southland

2000 ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Monaghan ◽  
R.J. Paton ◽  
L.C. Smith ◽  
C. Binet
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Nitrate N

In response to local concerns about the expanding Southland dairy herd, a 4-year study was initiated in 1995 with the primary objective of quantifying nitrate-N losses to waterways from intensively grazed cattle pastures. Treatments were annual N fertiliser inputs of 0, 100, 200 or 400 kg N/ha. Stocking rate was set according to the pasture production on each of these four treatments, and over the 4 years of study ranged between the equivalent of 2.0 cows/ha for the 0N treatment, to 3.0 cows/ha for the treatment receiving 400 kg N/ ha/year. Mean annual losses of nitrate-N in drainage were 30, 34, 46 and 56 kg N/ha for the 0, 100, 200 and 400 kg N/ha/year treatments, respectively. Corresponding mean nitrate-N concentrations in drainage waters were 8.3, 9.2, 12.5 and 15.4 mg/ l, respectively. Very little direct leaching of fertiliser N was observed, even for drainage events in early spring, shortly after urea fertiliser application. The increased nitrate-N losses at higher rates of N fertiliser addition were instead owing to the indirect effect of increasing returns of urine and dung N to pasture. In Years 2 and 3, leaching losses of Ca, Mg, K, Na and sulphate-S averaged 61, 9, 11, 28 and 17 kg/ha/year, respectively, in the 0N fertiliser treatment. Increasing fertiliser N inputs significantly increased calcium and, to a lesser extent, potassium leaching losses but had no effect on losses of other plant nutrients. Surface runoff losses of Total-P, nitrate-N and ammonium- N were less than 0.5 kg/ha/year. For this well-drained Fleming soil, surface runoff was a relatively minor contributor of N to surface water, even for plots receiving high rates of fertiliser N and at a stocking rate of 3.0 cows/ha. Extrapolating these results to a 'typical' dairy pasture in Eastern Southland would suggest that the safe upper limit for annual fertiliser N additions to this site to achieve nitrate in drainage water below the drinking water standard is approximately 170 kg N/ha. Although losses of Ca in drainage were large, returns of this nutrient in maintenance applications of superphosphate-based products and lime should ensure Ca deficiencies are avoided in Southland dairy pastures. Keywords: cation-anion balances, dairy, N fertiliser, nitrate leaching, surface runoff, Southland

Effects of Controlled Drainage on Water Table Recession Rate

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Saadat ◽  
Laura Bowling ◽  
Jane Frankenberger ◽  
Kyle Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Controlled Drainage ◽  
Recession Rate ◽  
Watershed Approach ◽  
Recession Rates ◽  
Paired Watershed

Abstract. Controlled drainage is a best management practice that decreases nitrate loads from subsurface drainage, but questions remain about optimal operation strategies. One unanswered question is whether the outlet should be lowered prior to or directly after a rainfall event to reduce the amount of time that the water table is at a level that would be detrimental to either trafficability or crop yield. The objective of this study was to determine how much controlled drainage lengthens the time needed for the water table to fall after a rainfall event, to inform possible improvement in the management of controlled drainage systems. This objective was addressed using water table recession rates from two pairs of controlled and free-draining fields located at the Davis Purdue Agricultural Center in Indiana over a period of nine years (2006-2014). At each pair, comparison of mean recession rates from the two fields indicated that controlled drainage reduced recession rate. The significance of the relationship between paired observations and the effect of controlled drainage was determined by a paired watershed approach using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance (ANCOVA). Raising the outlet of the subsurface drainage system decreased the mean rate of water table recession by 29% to 62%, increasing the time needed for the water table level to fall from the surface to 30 and 60 cm depths by approximately 12 to 26 h and 24 to 53 h, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that lowering the outlet before storm events would reduce the amount of time that the water table is at a detrimental level for either crop growth or trafficability. However, the trade-off between costs and benefits of active management depends on the sensitivity of the crop and probability of a severe storm. Keywords: Drainage water management, Managed drainage, Paired watershed approach, Tile drainage, Water table drawdown.

scholarly journals Policy-Driven Sustainable Saline Drainage Disposal and Forage Production in the Western San Joaquin Valley of California

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6362
Author(s):  
Amninder Singh ◽  
Nigel W. T. Quinn ◽  
Sharon E. Benes ◽  
Florence Cassel
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass ◽  
San Joaquin River ◽  
Agricultural Drainage Water ◽  
Irrigation Drainage ◽  
Root Zone Salinity

Environmental policies to address water quality impairments in the San Joaquin River of California have focused on the reduction of salinity and selenium-contaminated subsurface agricultural drainage loads from westside sources. On 31 December 2019, all of the agricultural drainage from a 44,000 ha subarea on the western side of the San Joaquin River basin was curtailed. This policy requires the on-site disposal of all of the agricultural drainage water in perpetuity, except during flooding events, when emergency drainage to the River is sanctioned. The reuse of this saline agricultural drainage water to irrigate forage crops, such as ‘Jose’ tall wheatgrass and alfalfa, in a 2428 ha reuse facility provides an economic return on this pollutant disposal option. Irrigation with brackish water requires careful management to prevent salt accumulation in the crop root zone, which can impact forage yields. The objective of this study was to optimize the sustainability of this reuse facility by maximizing the evaporation potential while achieving cost recovery. This was achieved by assessing the spatial and temporal distribution of the root zone salinity in selected fields of ‘Jose’ tall wheatgrass and alfalfa in the drainage reuse facility, some of which have been irrigated with brackish subsurface drainage water for over fifteen years. Electromagnetic soil surveys using an EM-38 instrument were used to measure the spatial variability of the salinity in the soil profile. The tall wheatgrass fields were irrigated with higher salinity water (1.2–9.3 dS m−1) compared to the fields of alfalfa (0.5–6.5 dS m−1). Correspondingly, the soil salinity in the tall wheatgrass fields was higher (12.5 dS m−1–19.3 dS m−1) compared to the alfalfa fields (8.97 dS m−1–14.4 dS m−1) for the years 2016 and 2017. Better leaching of salts was observed in the fields with a subsurface drainage system installed (13–1 and 13–2). The depth-averaged root zone salinity data sets are being used for the calibration of the transient hydro-salinity computer model CSUID-ID (a one-dimensional version of the Colorado State University Irrigation Drainage Model). This user-friendly decision support tool currently provides a useful framework for the data collection needed to make credible, field-scale salinity budgets. In time, it will provide guidance for appropriate leaching requirements and potential blending decisions for sustainable forage production. This paper shows the tie between environmental drainage policy and the role of local governance in the development of sustainable irrigation practices, and how well-directed collaborative field research can guide future resource management.

Removal of phosphorus from agricultural subsurface drainage water with woodchip and mixed-media bioreactors

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Husk ◽  
J.S. Sanchez ◽  
B.C. Anderson ◽  
J.K. Whalen ◽  
B.C. Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Media ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Drainage Water

Impact of drainage type on simultaneous nitrogen losses in Atlantic Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Erin L. Smith ◽  
Amanda Vosman ◽  
Lisa Kellman ◽  
Vernon Rodd
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Controlled Drainage ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
N Loading ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Insight Into

Nitrogen (N) losses from agricultural tile drainage systems are environmental and economic losses for producers. This field study quantified N losses from three reps of shallow (SD), deep/conventional (DD), and controlled drainage (CD) on farmland in Nova Scotia. Drainage systems were under corn and alfalfa–oats–clover production. Outflow water and gas samples were obtained and analyzed for nitrate and nitrous oxide. Nitrate-N loads were 5.0, 11.1, and 6.4 kg ha−1 in 2015; 1.8, 6.7, and 2.8 kg ha−1 in 2016; and 0.74, 1.8, and 1.6 kg ha−1 in 2017 for SD, DD, and CD, respectively. Controlled drainage reduced NO3−-N loading by 42.3%–58.2% when compared with the conventional/DD in 2 of 3 yr of study, whereas SD was found to reduce NO3−-N loading by 54.9%–73.1% compared with DD in all years studied. Total NO3−-N losses in this study were measured during the growing season (1 Apr. to 31 Oct.); the magnitude of NO3−-N losses and treatment effects may vary if studied year-round. Nitrous oxide fluxes were variable and low in magnitude throughout the study. Cumulated N2O losses were <1% of the applied N for all drainage types. Controlled drainage increased yields compared with SD and DD. The use of CD in the region could aid in reducing climate stresses, as well as overall NO3−-N loads exiting drainage systems and may enhance crop yields compared with conventional systems. Future studies on dissolved N2O losses from drainage water may provide important insight into whether dissolved N2O losses exceed surface emissions.

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