Measuring the Seepage Rate from Lagoons Using an Overnight Water Balance Test

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay M Ham
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Seepage Rate

scholarly journals Modelling the hydrological interactions between a fissured granite aquifer and a valley mire in the Massif Central, France

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-319
Author(s):  
Arnaud Duranel ◽  
Julian R. Thompson ◽  
Helene Burningham ◽  
Philippe Durepaire ◽  
Stéphane Garambois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Seepage Rate ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Groundwater Seepage ◽  
Weathered Granite ◽  
Mineral Soils

Abstract. We developed a high-resolution MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 model of a 231.3 ha headwater catchment in the granitic uplands of the French Massif Central to estimate the contribution of groundwater upwelling to the water balance of the Dauges mire, an acidic valley mire of international importance for nature conservation. We estimated that groundwater upwelling from the underlying weathered granite formations – mostly an approximately 55 m deep fissured zone – provides 27.1 % of total long-term inflows to the mire. This contribution increases to 37.2 % in September when total inflows are small. Overland boundary inflow accounts for an average of 40.2 % of total inflows. However, most of this originates from groundwater seepage through mineral soils along the mire margins or in small non-channelised valleys upslope of the mire. A sensitivity analysis showed that model performance in terms of the simulation of mire groundwater levels was most sensitive to parameters describing the mineral soils and weathered granite formations rather than the overlying peat layer. Variation partitioning demonstrated that groundwater upwelling was the most important factor driving simulated monthly groundwater table depth within the mire. Sustained groundwater upwelling maintains the mire water table close to or at ground level for most of the year. As a result, precipitation and overland boundary inflows quickly leave the wetland as saturation-excess runoff. There was close agreement between the observed distribution of mire habitats and areas where the simulated long-term groundwater seepage rate was larger than zero in September. Our results demonstrate that, contrary to the assumed small contribution of groundwater to the hydrology of hard-rock regions, groundwater upwelling from underlying weathered formations can be a quantitatively important and functionally critical element of the water balance of valley mires in granitic headwater catchments. These results have important legal and management implications.

scholarly journals Modelling the hydrological interactions between a fissured granite aquifer and a valley mire in the Massif Central, France

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Duranel ◽  
Julian R. Thompson ◽  
Helene Burningham ◽  
Philippe Durepaire ◽  
Stéphane Garambois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Seepage Rate ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Groundwater Seepage ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Mineral Soils

Abstract. The contribution of groundwater to the hydrology of hard rock regions has long been assumed to be small. This is being progressively challenged and conceptual hydrological models of headwater wetlands in these regions may need to be revised. We developed a high-resolution MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 model of a 231.3 ha headwater catchment in the granitic uplands of the French Massif Central to estimate the contribution of groundwater upwelling to the water balance of the Dauges mire, an acidic valley mire of international importance for nature conservation. We estimated that groundwater upwelling from the underlying granite weathering formations – mostly an approximately 55  m deep fissured zone – provides 27.1 % of total long-term inflows to the mire. This contribution increases to 37.2 % in September when total inflows are small. Overland boundary inflow accounts for an average of 40.2 % of total inflows. However most of this originates from groundwater seepage through mineral soils along the mire margins or in small unchannelized valleys upslope of the mire. A sensitivity analysis showed that model performance in terms of the simulation of mire groundwater levels was most sensitive to parameters describing the mineral soils and granite weathered formations rather than the overlying peat layer. Variation partitioning showed that groundwater upwelling was the most important factor driving simulated monthly groundwater table depth within the mire. Sustained groundwater upwelling maintains the mire water table close to or at ground level for most of the year. As a result, precipitation and overland boundary inflows are mostly evacuated as saturation-excess runoff. There was close agreement between the observed distribution of mire habitats and areas where the simulated long-term groundwater seepage rate was larger than zero in September. Groundwater upwelling from the underlying weathered formations can be a quantitatively important and functionally critical element of the water balance of valley mires in granitic headwater catchments. These results have important legal and management implications.

scholarly journals Water Balance Test, Analysis and Application of the Wet Cooling Tower

2021 ◽  
Vol 898 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
Yu Song ◽  
Guangzhong Wu ◽  
Baohong Song
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Tower Equipment

Abstract This study aims to conduct a water loss test and analysis of water used in wet cooling towers. The measuring tools and methods of the liquid level in the collecting basin are clearly guided by establishing the water balance equation. The U-type liquidometer measuring system is used to measure the liquid level of specific open container with a large surface area. The minimum resolution of the U-type liquidometer is 1 mm. The collecting basin area is 375 m2, and the detected water volume is 0.375 m3 mm-1 liquid level. The measurement error caused by water surface fluctuation is overcame. The accuracy of the liquid level data is further improved. Under the water balance test condition, the water loss at the outlet of tower is between 26.25 m3 h-1 and 49.36 m3 h-1, and the loss of exceeding standard is 22.62 m3. This work determined the water balance condition of the wet cooling tower equipment and conducted a detailed analysis of water loss and the water conservation of the wet tower. Moreover, this study promote equipment manufacturing related to the mechanical draft cooling tower industry to the direction of water conservation, energy conservation and environmental protection to provide support. This approach is also widely used in the other air and water systems direct mixing heat transfer equipment.

Water balance, drought stress and yields for rainfed field crop rotations under present and future conditions in the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 175-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Hlavinka ◽  
KC Kersebaum ◽  
M Dubrovský ◽  
M Fischer ◽  
E Pohanková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
The Czech Republic

Water Balance for the City of Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf/Southern Iraq

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-197
Author(s):  
Tariq Abed Hussain ◽  
◽  
Ghayda Yaseen AlKindi ◽  
Rana Jawad Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
The City ◽  
Southern Iraq
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