Visualized Modeling of Three-dimensional Soybean Root Systems Growth

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan ZHONG ◽  
Xiwen LUO ◽  
Qin QIN
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Soybean Root

A biochemical study of BAS 517 using excised corn and soybean root systems

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Hwei-Yiing Li ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Corn Roots ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
High Degree

The mode of action of BAS 517 in a susceptible plant species, corn, was investigated using an excised root system and14C-tracer techniques. The root system of a tolerant species, soybean, was used for comparison. When UL-14C- glucose was used as a precursor,14C incorporation into lipids was reduced in BAS 517-treated corn roots, although14C incorporation from UL-14C-glucose into lipids was relatively low. Inhibition of14C incorporation into water-soluble compounds was not definite because of a high degree of variability. Using14C-acetate as a precursor, 49, 43, and 34% of the recovered radioactivity was found in the lipid fractions of root tips treated with 0, 1.0, and 10 μM BAS 517, respectively. In nontreated soybean root tips, 47% of the recovered radioactivity was found in the lipid fraction compared to 49% in root tips treated with 10 μM BAS 517. Further analysis of lipids showed that BAS 517 inhibited the incorporation of14C from14C-acetate into phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid, whereas the labeling of sterols in treated corn roots was not adversely affected. Acetyl CoA carboxylase extracted from root systems of corn and soybean showed different sensitivity to BAS 517, suggesting its role as the herbicide target site and as a basis for the selectivity.

scholarly journals Platonic solids generate their four-dimensional analogues

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Philippe Dechant
Keyword(s):  
Coxeter Groups ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Platonic Solids ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Regular Convex ◽  
Quasi Crystals

This paper shows how regular convex 4-polytopes – the analogues of the Platonic solids in four dimensions – can be constructed from three-dimensional considerations concerning the Platonic solids alone.Viathe Cartan–Dieudonné theorem, the reflective symmetries of the Platonic solids generate rotations. In a Clifford algebra framework, the space of spinors generating such three-dimensional rotations has a natural four-dimensional Euclidean structure. The spinors arising from the Platonic solids can thus in turn be interpreted as vertices in four-dimensional space, giving a simple construction of the four-dimensional polytopes 16-cell, 24-cell, theF4root system and the 600-cell. In particular, these polytopes have `mysterious' symmetries, that are almost trivial when seen from the three-dimensional spinorial point of view. In fact, all these induced polytopes are also known to be root systems and thus generate rank-4 Coxeter groups, which can be shown to be a general property of the spinor construction. These considerations thus also apply to other root systems such as A_{1}\oplus I_{2}(n) which induces I_{2}(n)\oplus I_{2}(n), explaining the existence of the grand antiprism and the snub 24-cell, as well as their symmetries. These results are discussed in the wider mathematical context of Arnold's trinities and the McKay correspondence. These results are thus a novel link between the geometries of three and four dimensions, with interesting potential applications on both sides of the correspondence, to real three-dimensional systems with polyhedral symmetries such as (quasi)crystals and viruses, as well as four-dimensional geometries arising for instance in Grand Unified Theories and string and M-theory.

scholarly journals Penetration of Soybean Root Systems by Abscisic Acid Isomers

1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1350-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert H. Markhart
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Soybean Root

scholarly journals Effect of parameter choice in root water uptake models – the arrangement of root hydraulic properties within the root architecture affects dynamics and efficiency of root water uptake

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 4189-4206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bechmann ◽  
C. Schneider ◽  
A. Carminati ◽  
D. Vetterlein ◽  
S. Attinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Hydraulic Lift ◽  
Hydraulic Redistribution ◽  
Young Root

Abstract. Detailed three-dimensional models of root water uptake have become increasingly popular for investigating the process of root water uptake. However, they suffer from a lack of information on important parameters, particularly on the spatial distribution of root axial and radial conductivities, which vary greatly along a root system. In this paper we explore how the arrangement of those root hydraulic properties and branching within the root system affects modelled uptake dynamics, xylem water potential and the efficiency of root water uptake. We first apply a simple model to illustrate the mechanisms at the scale of single roots. By using two efficiency indices based on (i) the collar xylem potential ("effort") and (ii) the integral amount of unstressed root water uptake ("water yield"), we show that an optimal root length emerges, depending on the ratio between roots axial and radial conductivity. Young roots with high capacity for radial uptake are only efficient when they are short. Branching, in combination with mature transport roots, enables soil exploration and substantially increases active young root length at low collar potentials. Second, we investigate how this shapes uptake dynamics at the plant scale using a comprehensive three-dimensional root water uptake model. Plant-scale dynamics, such as the average uptake depth of entire root systems, were only minimally influenced by the hydraulic parameterization. However, other factors such as hydraulic redistribution, collar potential, internal redistribution patterns and instantaneous uptake depth depended strongly on the arrangement on the arrangement of root hydraulic properties. Root systems were most efficient when assembled of different root types, allowing for separation of root function in uptake (numerous short apical young roots) and transport (longer mature roots). Modelling results became similar when this heterogeneity was accounted for to some degree (i.e. if the root systems contained between 40 and 80% of young uptake roots). The average collar potential was cut to half and unstressed transpiration increased by up to 25% in composed root systems, compared to homogenous ones. Also, the least efficient root system (homogenous young root system) was characterized by excessive bleeding (hydraulic lift), which seemed to be an artifact of the parameterization. We conclude that heterogeneity of root hydraulic properties is a critical component for efficient root systems that needs to be accounted for in complex three-dimensional root water uptake models.

scholarly journals Simulating rhizodeposition patterns around growing and exuding root systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Landl ◽  
Adrian Haupenthal ◽  
Daniel Leitner ◽  
Eva Kroener ◽  
Doris Vetterlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Architecture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Model Approach

1AbstractIn this study, we developed a novel model approach to compute the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of rhizodeposits around growing root systems in three dimensions. This model approach allows us for the first time to study the evolution of rhizodeposition patterns around complex three-dimensional root systems. Root systems were generated using the root architecture model CPlantBox. The concentration of rhizodeposits at a given location in the soil domain was computed analytically. To simulate the spread of rhizodeposits in the soil, we considered rhizodeposit release from the roots, rhizodeposit diffusion into the soil, rhizodeposit sorption to soil particles, and rhizodeposit degradation by microorganisms. To demonstrate the capabilities of our new model approach, we performed simulations for the two example rhizodeposits mucilage and cit-rate and the example root system Vicia faba. The rhizodeposition model was parameterized using values from the literature. Our simulations showed that the rhizosphere soil volume with rhizodeposit concentrations above a defined threshold value (i.e., the rhizodeposit hotspot volume), exhibited a maximum at intermediate root growth rates. Root branching allowed the rhizospheres of individual roots to overlap, resulting in a greater volume of rhizodeposit hotspots. This was particularly important in the case of citrate, where overlap of rhizodeposition zones accounted for more than half of the total rhizodeposit hotspot volumes. Coupling a root architecture model with a rhizodeposition model allowed us to get a better understanding of the influence of root architecture as well as rhizodeposit properties on the evolution of the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of rhizodeposits around growing root systems.

scholarly journals Prediction of Soybean Root Response in the Field Using Nondestructive Seedling Three‐Dimensional Root Features

tppj ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Silvas Prince ◽  
Nakini Tushar Kanda Das ◽  
Mackensie Murphy ◽  
Babu Valliyodan ◽  
Guilherme N. DeSouza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Root Response

scholarly journals Catalan solids derived from three-dimensional-root systems and quaternions

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 043501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Koca ◽  
Nazife Ozdes Koca ◽  
Ramazan Koç
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Root Systems

scholarly journals Controls on creek margin stability by the root systems of saltmarsh vegetation, Beaulieu Estuary, Southern England

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yining Chen ◽  
Charlotte Thompson ◽  
Michael Collins
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Atriplex Portulacoides

The retreat of cliffs (lateral expansion) within tidal creeks results in a net loss of saltmarshes, but this retreat process can be retarded by root systems. To understand the interaction between root presence and bank sediment, quantitative measurements of two saltmarsh species root systems (Atriplex portulacoides and Juncus maritima) were carried out in a saltmarsh in Southern England, and their relationships with bank stability were examined. Computed Tomography (CT) Scanning techniques were used to investigate three-dimensional root architecture. The data obtained (e.g., root volume, diameter, and distribution patterns of roots) were examined alongside more traditional root density measurements. The volumetric percentage, ratio between horizontal (lateral) and vertical roots (H/V ratio), and root diameter distribution are discussed in relation to their influence on bank sediment erosion threshold and shear strength. The results suggest that Atriplex portulacoides is more effective than Juncus maritimus in stabilising banks. This is because root systems that provide a high resistance to flow-induced erosion are better than those that provide a high resistance to gravity-induced erosion in stabilising cliff banks. This conclusion is relevant to future saltmarsh protection and re-establishment.

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