Determination of Ammonia Emission Factors for Land Application of Poultry Manure

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Lau ◽  
Shabtai Bittman ◽  
Derek Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Ammonia Emission

Ammonia Emission Factors from Broiler Litter in Barns, in Storage, and after Land Application

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1395-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Moore ◽  
Dana Miles ◽  
Robert Burns ◽  
Dan Pote ◽  
Kess Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factors ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Broiler Litter

scholarly journals Major Elements to Consider in Developing Ammonia Emission Factor at Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Incinerators

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2197
Author(s):  
Seongmin Kang ◽  
Joonyoung Roh ◽  
Eui-chan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

NH3 is one of the major substances contributing to the secondary generation of PM2.5; therefore, management is required. In Korea, the management of NH3 is insufficient, and the emission factor used by EPA is the same as the one used when calculating emissions. In particular, waste incineration facilities do not currently calculate NH3 emissions. In the case of combustion facilities, the main ammonia emission source is the De-NOx facility, and, in the case of a power plant with a De-NOx facility, NH3 emission is calculated. Therefore, in the case of a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incinerator with the same facility installed, it is necessary to calculate NH3 emissions. In this study, the necessity of developing NH3 emission factors for an MSW incinerator and calculating emission was analyzed. In addition, elements to be considered when developing emission factors were analyzed. The study found that the NH3 emission factors for each MSW incinerator technology were calculated as Stoker 0.010 NH3 kg/ton and Fluidized Beds 0.004 NH3 kg/ton, which was greater than the NH3 emission factor 0.003 NH3 kg/ton for the MSW incinerator presented in EMEP/EEA (2016). As a result, it was able to identify the need for the development of NH3 emission factors in MSW incinerators in Korea. In addition, the statistical analysis of the difference between the incineration technology of MSW and the NH3 emission factor by the De-NOx facility showed a difference in terms of both incineration technology and De-NOx facilities, indicating that they should be considered together when developing the emission factor. In addition to MSW, it is believed that it will be necessary to review the development of emission factors for waste at workplaces and incineration facilities of sewage sludge.

scholarly journals Determination of car on-road black carbon and particle number emission factors and comparison between mobile and stationary measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ježek ◽  
L. Drinovec ◽  
L. Ferrero ◽  
M. Carriero ◽  
G. Močnik
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Stationary Method ◽  
Characteristic Value ◽  
Portable Emission Measurement System ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Mobile Measurement

Abstract. We have used two methods for measuring emission factors (EFs) in real driving conditions on five cars in a controlled environment: the stationary method, where the investigated vehicle drives by the stationary measurement platform and the composition of the plume is measured, and the chasing method, where a mobile measurement platform drives behind the investigated vehicle. We measured EFs of black carbon and particle number concentration. The stationary method was tested for repeatability at different speeds and on a slope. The chasing method was tested on a test track and compared to the portable emission measurement system. We further developed the data processing algorithm for both methods, trying to improve consistency, determine the plume duration, limit the background influence and facilitate automatic processing of measurements. The comparison of emission factors determined by the two methods showed good agreement. EFs of a single car measured with either method have a specific distribution with a characteristic value and a long tail of super emissions. Measuring EFs at different speeds or slopes did not significantly influence the EFs of different cars; hence, we propose a new description of vehicle emissions that is not related to kinematic or engine parameters, and we rather describe the vehicle EF with a characteristic value and a super emission tail.

Short-Term Chemical Transformations Following Land Application of Poultry Manure

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 0382-0390 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Crane ◽  
P. W. Westerman ◽  
M. R. Overcash
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Field test of available methods to measure remotely SO<sub>x</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from ships

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2597-2613 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Balzani Lööv ◽  
B. Alfoldy ◽  
L. F. L. Gast ◽  
J. Hjorth ◽  
F. Lagler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Remote Measurements ◽  
Convenient Technique

Abstract. Methods for the determination of ship fuel sulphur content and NOx emission factors based on remote measurements have been compared in the harbour of Rotterdam and compared to direct stack emission measurements on the ferry Stena Hollandica. The methods were selected based on a review of the available literature on ship emission measurements. They were either optical (LIDAR, Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS), UV camera), combined with model-based estimates of fuel consumption, or based on the so called "sniffer" principle, where SO2 or NOx emission factors are determined from simultaneous measurement of the increase of CO2 and SO2 or NOx concentrations in the plume of the ship compared to the background. The measurements were performed from stations at land, from a boat and from a helicopter. Mobile measurement platforms were found to have important advantages compared to the land-based ones because they allow optimizing the sampling conditions and sampling from ships on the open sea. Although optical methods can provide reliable results it was found that at the state of the art level, the "sniffer" approach is the most convenient technique for determining both SO2 and NOx emission factors remotely. The average random error on the determination of SO2 emission factors comparing two identical instrumental set-ups was 6%. However, it was found that apparently minor differences in the instrumental characteristics, such as response time, could cause significant differences between the emission factors determined. Direct stack measurements showed that about 14% of the fuel sulphur content was not emitted as SO2. This was supported by the remote measurements and is in agreement with the results of other field studies.

Determination of emission factors for climate forcers and air pollutants from improved wood-burning cookstoves in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhelen Padilla-Barrera ◽  
Ricardo Torres-Jardón ◽  
Luis Gerardo Ruiz-Suarez ◽  
Telma Castro ◽  
Oscar Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Wood Burning

scholarly journals Ammonia emissions from a naturally and a mechanically ventilated broiler house in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1179-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano B. Mendes ◽  
Ilda F. F. Tinoco ◽  
Nico W. M. Ogink ◽  
Keller S. O. Rocha ◽  
Jairo A. Osorio S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventilation System ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
Broiler House

This study was conducted with the aim of monitoring NH3 emissions from a mechanically and a naturally ventilated broiler house (MVB and NVB, respectively) and calculate their ammonia emission factors (fNH3). Bird stocking density was 13.5 and 11.1 birds m-2 for the MVB and NVB, respectively. The marketing age was 43 days and bedding consisted of dried coffee husks in its first time of use. Ventilation rates were calculated with the metabolic carbon dioxide mass balance method. Values of fNH3 were 0.32 ± 0.10 and 0.27 ± 0.07 g bird-1 d-1 for the MVB and NVB, respectively, and are in agreement to what was presented in other studies performed under similar conditions. The fNH3 estimated on yearly basis was 58 g bird-place-1 year-1. It was concluded that the different types of ventilation system between the studied broiler barns did not significantly affect emissions in the modeling process. The results obtained help providing reliable methodology for the determination of a solid database on NH3 emission factors for tropical conditions that can be used for future inventories, when performed in a sufficient number of barns that is representative for the Brazilian scenario.

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