Development of a sequential continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system for anaerobic digestion of liquid dairy manure

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyou Wen ◽  
Shulin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
Cstr System

scholarly journals Methane Production by Anaerobic Digestion of Spent Wash in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-798
Author(s):  
Sallahuddin Panhwar ◽  
Abdul Razaque Sahito ◽  
Ghulam Shabir Solangi ◽  
Rasool Bux Mahar Mahar ◽  
Jawahar Lal
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Spent Wash ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank

DSW (Distillery Spent Wash) is superfluous residual liquid waste produced during the process of alcohol production. It is one of the most critical environmental issues which cause pollution. Despite strictness of standards imposed on effluent quality, partially or untreated effluent very often finds access to surface and groundwater. The distillery wastewater becomes a serious risk to the water quality in several regions around the globe. The ever-increasing generation of DSW lead to take an attempt to investigate a few aspects of anaerobic digestion of spent wash collected from a distillery. In the present study CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor) was used at laboratory scale. The study was carried out to evaluate the performance of CSTR after the effective startup and the gradual increment in the OLR (Organic Loading Rate). The maximum methane gas (CH4) of 71.68 ml at the OLR of 1.0g of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)/L was observed. The optimum COD removal efficiency of the CSTR was 91% corresponding to OLR of 1g of COD/L. The pH ranges from 7.1-7.3 gave better performance and maximum stability of the process. By increasing the ORL, the VFA (Volatile Fatty Acids) content was also increased and reached to the 1.5g COD/L. However, the removal efficiency of TS (Total Solids) increased at an accelerated rate of OLR.

scholarly journals Comparative study of Time Optimal Controller with PID Controller for a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayush Sharma ◽  
Miroslav Fikar ◽  
Monika Bakošová
Keyword(s):  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Control Input ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Time Optimal ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
Non Linear System ◽  
Cstr System

Abstract Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) is the productive part in different chemical and process industries, and hence there is a need to control this process at desired optimum conditions of temperature and concentration. This paper deals with modelling and constrained control of a CSTR that minimises the processing time. Modelling consisted in performing the mass and heat balances of the CSTR system. Different controllers (time optimal, PID) were then applied to this non-linear system and compared within the boundaries of the control input and states. A theoretical case study was solved numerically using the orthogonal collocations method and simulations, resulting in a comparison of different controllers.

scholarly journals MINI DIGESTER UNTUK PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH ORGANIK MENJADI BIOGAS DAN DAMPAK TERHADAP PENGURANGAN EMISI (MINI DIGESTION TO PRODUCE BIOGAS FROM ORGANIC WASTE AND IMPACT ON REDUCING EMISSIONS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 022
Author(s):  
Rinjani Rakasiwi ◽  
Wivina Ivontianti ◽  
Eva Sitanggang
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank

Abstract Organic waste is material that has no value but can be used as raw material to produce biogas. It is easier to handle by anaerobic processing. The advantages of biogas by using anaerobic digestion process are minimizes the effects of environmental pollutions, reduce emissions and increase the value of the benefits of waste. The purposes of this research are to design a digester for processing organic waste into biogas and find out the impact of biogas production on emissions reduction. Biogas production was analyzed using gas Chromatography (GC) and emission reductions were calculated using the AP-42 (Compilation of Air Pollutant Emissions Factors) equation. The digester used is a CSTR which is suitable for liquid phase and for organic chemical reactions with large conversions. Parameters that affect the performance of the reactor are the residence time on the flow of substances in the reactor, Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT). HRT can affect the growth of fermentative bacteria corelation with the production of biogas. The optimum volume of biogas of 16.52 Liters / Day with the acquisition of CH4 of 75,893.36 ppm was on the 13th day in a variation of HRT 20. Every 20 kg of organic waste that has been processed in the digester, it will be reducing 76.5 g / day of CO emissions. Keywords: anaerobic digestion, CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor), HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time), trashAbstrakSampah organik merupakan bahan yang tidak mempunyai nilai atau tidak berharga tetapi dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan biogas, karena lebih mudah untuk ditangani dan dapat dilakukan dengan proses anaerobik. Kelebihan dari biogas dengan menggunakan proses anaerobic digestion akan meminimalkan efek dari pencemaran lingkungan, mengurangi emisi dan meningkatkan nilai manfaat dari limbah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang digester untuk pengolahan sampah organik menjadi biogas dan mengetahui dampak produksi biogas yang dihasilkan terhadap pengurangan emisi. Produksi biogas dianalisa menggunakan Chromatografi gas (GC) dan pengurangan emisi dihitung menggunakna persamaan AP-42 (Compilation of Air Polutant Emissions Factors). Digester yang digunakan merupakan reaktor tipe alir tangki berpengaduk/CSTR untuk reaksi fase cair dan juga digunakan untuk reaksi kimia organik dengan konversi yang besar. Parameter yang mempengaruhi kinerja reaktor yaitu waktu tinggal pada zat alir di dalam reaktor atau disebut dengan Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT). HRT dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bakteri fermentatif yang terkait dengan hasil produksi biogas. Hasil volume biogas optimum sebesar 16,52 Liter/Hari dengan perolehan CH4 sebesar 75.893,36 ppm berada di hari ke- 13 pada variasi HRT 20. Sampah organik sebanyak 20 kg diolah di digester mengurangi 76,5 g/hari emisi CO. Kata kunci: anaerobic digestion, CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor), HRT (Hydraulic Retetion Time), sampah.

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