PREDICTION OF PESTICIDE LOSSES IN SURFACE RUNOFF FROM AGRICULTURAL FIELDS USING GLEAMS AND RZWQM

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chinkuyu ◽  
T. Meixner ◽  
T. Gish ◽  
C . Daughtry
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Pesticide Losses

Characterization and mass load estimates of organic compounds in agricultural irrigation runoff

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Pedersen ◽  
M.A. Yeager ◽  
I.H. Suffet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Aliphatic Alcohols ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Mass Load

Investigations of agricultural chemicals in surface runoff typically target nutrients or specific pesticides; however, numerous other organic compounds are regularly applied to agricultural fields in pesticide formulations, irrigation water, soil amendments and fertilizers. Many of these compounds have toxicological significance. We conducted a broad spectrum analysis of surface runoff from individual irrigated agricultural fields in coastal southern California to characterize organic compounds amenable to analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and to estimate the mass flux of selected chemicals. Aqueous phase extracts contained several pesticides, as well as personal care product ingredients and pharmaceutically active compounds apparently derived from treated wastewater used for irrigation. Several compounds potentially associated with pesticide adjuvants were also present in aqueous phase extracts. Dissolved NOM constituents in water phase extracts included n-fatty acids, aliphatic alcohols and plant terpenoids. Tentatively identified compounds sorbed to suspended particles included pesticides, a fecal sterol, aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes, and C14 and C16n-fatty acids and fatty acid esters. Bicyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified in both aqueous and suspended particle phases. Constituent concentrations, including total suspended solids (TSS), varied over the course of the sampled events by up to an order of magnitude, and typically were not correlated with flow. Variation in sorbed organic compound concentrations often did not parallel those for TSS concentration. Mass load estimates were strongly influenced by the choice of sampling interval.

scholarly journals HYDRUS-1D Simulation of Nitrogen Dynamics in Rainfed Sweet Corn Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3925
Author(s):  
Mazhar Iqbal ◽  
Md Rowshon Kamal ◽  
Mohd Amin Mohd Soom ◽  
Muhammad Yamin ◽  
Mohd Fazly M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Nitrogen Transport ◽  
Nitrogen Input ◽  
Transport Dynamics ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Nitrogen loss from agricultural fields results in contamination of ground and surface water resources due to leaching and runoff, respectively. Nitrogen transport dynamics vary significantly among agricultural fields of different climates, especially in the tropical climate. This study intended to evaluate the rainfall impact on nitrogen distribution and losses under tropical rain-fed conditions. The study was carried out in a sweet corn field for two growing seasons at the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) research field. The HYDRUS-1D numerical model was used to simulate nitrogen transport dynamics in this study. The observed nitrogen concentrations were used for calibration and validation of the model. Total nitrogen input to sweet corn was 120 kg/ha for both seasons. Nitrogen losses through surface runoff and leaching were dominating pathways. Surface runoff accounted for 35.3% and 22.2% of total nitrogen input during the first and second seasons, respectively. The leaching loss at 60 cm depth accounted for 4.0% (first season) and 18.5% (second season). The crop N uptake was 37.5% and 24.9% during the first and second seasons, respectively. Nitrate was the dominant form of N uptake by the crop that accounted for 83.6% (first season) and 78.5% (second season). The HYDRUS-1D simulation results of nitrogen concentrations and fluxes were found in good agreement with observed data. The overall results of simulation justified the HYDRUS-1D for improved fertilizer use in the tropical climate.

Modeling pesticide losses with surface runoff in Germany

1998 ◽  
Vol 223 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Huber ◽  
M. Bach ◽  
H.G. Frede
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Pesticide Losses

scholarly journals Effect of pesticides 2, 4-on hematological parameters of channa punctatus

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Pravesh Kumar ◽  
Yogesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Devendra Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Channa Punctatus ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Aquatic Fauna ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Environmentally Safe

Pesticides are chemicals used for pest control in the agricultural fields. Modern agricultural pesticides result in indiscriminate use of various pesticides. Which usually enter into the aquatic environment? They finally reach the surrounding water bodies through surface runoff affecting the aquatic fauna. 2, 4-D is frequently used pesticides due to its effectiveness and rapid breakdown into environmentally safe products. A 96hr static sub-lethal concentration toxicity test was carried out to determine the LC50 value of 2, 4-D on the snake head fish channa punctatus. The fish were exposed to 5 different concentrations of 2, 4-D (40, 45, 50, 55 & 60ppm) for toxicity. Control (0.0ppm) was also carried out. The data were subjected to Finney’s Probit analysis and processed with Trimmed Spearman-Karber statistical software. The LC50 values for 2, 4-D for 24, 48, 72 and 96hr were 4.87, 3.12, 2.69 and 1.92 mgl-1 respectively. At higher concentration of 2, 4-D (3.25 mgl-1 and above) the fish showed uncoordinated behavior such as erratic and jerky swimming, attempt to jump out of water, frequent surfacing and effected the allover of body.

Annual and seasonal phosphorus export in surface runoff and tile drainage from agricultural fields with cold temperate climates

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. Van Esbroeck ◽  
Merrin L. Macrae ◽  
Richard I. Brunke ◽  
Kevin McKague
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Phosphorus Export ◽  
Temperate Climates

Modeling the influence of tile drainage flow and tile spacing on phosphorus losses from two agricultural fields in southern Québec

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Morrison ◽  
C. A. Madramootoo ◽  
M. Chikhaoui
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Drain Spacing ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
A Site

Tile drainage is a widely adopted water management practice in the eastern Canadian provinces of Québec and Ontario. It aims to improve the productivity of poorly drained agricultural fields. Nevertheless, studies have also shown that subsurface drainage is a significant pollution pathway to surface water. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of tile drain spacing on surface runoff, subsurface drainage flows, and phosphorus (P) loss from two tile-drained agricultural fields located near Bedford, Québec. Field data were used with the DRAINMOD model, and in developed regression models in order to perform the analysis. Both DRAINMOD and the regression models showed good performance. Simulation results indicated that when lateral tile drain spacing is increased, the volume of subsurface drain flow decreases, and the volume of surface runoff increases, at sites with sandy and clay loam soils. For every 5 m increase in drain spacing, total phosphorus (TP) loads in subsurface drainage decreased by 6% at a site with sandy loam soil, and increased by 20% at a site with clay loam soil. TP loads in surface runoff increased as a result of increased drain spacing.

Estrogen Transport in Surface Runoff from Agricultural Fields Treated with Two Application Methods of Dairy Manure

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 2007-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odette Mina ◽  
Heather E. Gall ◽  
Louis S. Saporito ◽  
Peter J.A. Kleinman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Application Methods

Deriving tillage-controlled runoff patterns for agricultural fields

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brunner ◽  
Anna Zeiser ◽  
Andreas Klik ◽  
Peter Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Decision Algorithm ◽  
Topographic Slope ◽  
Flow Directions ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss

<p>On agricultural fields, management (especially tillage) operations with a distinct orientation often lead to a corresponding preferred orientation of surface runoff and associated sediment transport. When deriving surface properties like flow directions and slope for runoff modelling from digital elevation model (DEM) data with grid sizes larger than 1m, these features of the surface will usually remain undetected and by default predict runoff and sediment transport patterns based on the topographic slope and flow directions alone.</p><p>A methodology proposed by (Takken et al., 2001) involves calculating 1) topographic slope and flow directions and 2) slope and flow directions assuming that surface runoff takes place exclusively along the tillage orientation. A decision algorithm then decides for each grid cell, whether 1) or 2) is to be used, based on cell slope, oriented roughness and the angle between topographic and tillage-controlled flow directions. An exception is made for distinct thalweg situations, where 1) is always used.</p><p>For larger areas, where the manual assignment of the management direction of individual fields (e.g. based on orthophotos) is not feasible, automatic estimation of a field’s tillage orientation is done using field geometry parameters and assuming tillage taking place in the direction of the longest field extent.</p><p>The output of the methodology is to be used subsequently in grid-based soil erosion modelling and is expected to provide more realistic results of surface runoff and soil loss patterns. Initial tests using the output flow directions and slope of the method as input for an MMF (Morgan-Morgan-Finney) based soil erosion model in a small experimental catchment (0.7 km²) show surface runoff and soil loss concentrating on the field borders (headlands) for some fields, potentially leading to a shift of priority for protection of either whole individual fields or particularly affected portions of fields.</p><p>The improved modelling results can in some situations be significant for decisions on the placement of best management practices (BMP) that intend to limit either soil loss from the field or sediment input into adjacent surface water bodies (e.g. vegetated filter strips, grassed waterways or the feasibility of contouring), since these measures might be rendered useless, when their placement is based on topographic flow directions alone, as is the default practice.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document