scholarly journals Survival Rates of Pupae of Oligota kashmirica benefica, a Natural Enemy of Spider Mites, in Different Rearing Materials.

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Shimoda
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Oligota Kashmirica Benefica

scholarly journals Population dynamics of rice leaffolders (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and their natural enemies in irrigated rice in the Philippines

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. de Kraker ◽  
A. van Huis ◽  
K.L. Heong ◽  
J.C. van Lenteren ◽  
R. Rabbinge
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Ovipositional Preference ◽  
Rice Leaffolders

AbstractPopulations of rice leaffolders and their natural enemies were studied in eight crops of irrigated rice in Laguna Province, the Philippines. The rice leaffolder complex consisted of three species: Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), Marasmia patnalis Bradley and M. exigua Butler. Leaffolder population dynamics were characterized by an egg peak at maximum tillering and a broad larval peak around booting stage. Peak densities ranged from 0.2 to 2.0 larvae per hill. Most larvae originated from immigrant moths and there was no substantial second generation. The seasonal percentage egg parasitism by Trichogramma sp. ranged from 0 to 27%, and percentage larval parasitism from 14 to 56%. The braconid Macrocentrus philippinensis Ashmead was the most commonly reared larval parasitoid. Forty natural enemy taxa that may attack rice leaffolders were identified from suction and sweepnet samples: 24 predator taxa and 16 parasitoid taxa. The estimated survival rates from leaffolder egg to larval stages and between larval stages showed large variation between rice crops, but were not clearly correlated with observed levels of parasitism, natural enemy abundance, or natural enemy to leaffolder ratios. It is suggested that the generally low densities of rice leaffolders in Philippine transplanted rice are caused by their ovipositional preference for crops at the maximum tillering stage, allowing for only one generation, and by high immature mortality caused by the abundant and diverse complex of natural enemies.

scholarly journals Efficiency of a Sticky Trap for Censusing the Natural Enemy Fauna of Spider Mites.

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Takahashi ◽  
Akio Takafuji ◽  
Junji Takabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Sticky Trap

scholarly journals The effect of synthetic pesticides and sulfur used in conventional and organically grown strawberry and soybean on Neozygites floridana , a natural enemy of spider mites

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1752-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Castro ◽  
Samuel Roggia ◽  
Vitalis W Wekesa ◽  
Rafael de Andrade Moral ◽  
Clarice GB Demétrio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Neozygites Floridana ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Organically Grown

scholarly journals Dominant natural enemy species of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) during a seedling-rearing period of strawberry in Fukuoka Prefecture.

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (0) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotsugu Yanagita ◽  
Shigeki Morita ◽  
Takaaki Ishii ◽  
Hiroyuki Takemoto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Fukuoka Prefecture

scholarly journals Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Enhance Defense of Strawberry Plants Against Spider Mites

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsane Hosseini ◽  
Mojtaba Hosseini ◽  
Peter Schausberger
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Plants mediate interactions between below- and above-ground microbial and animal communities. Microbial communities of the rhizosphere commonly include mutualistic symbionts such as mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobia and free-living plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that may influence plant growth and/or its defense system against aboveground pathogens and herbivores. Here, we scrutinized the effects of three PGPR, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, and Pseudomonas brassicacearum, on life history and population dynamics of two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae, feeding on aboveground tissue of strawberry plants, and examined associated plant growth and physiology parameters. Our experiments suggest that these three species of free-living rhizobacteria strengthen the constitutive, and/or induce the direct, anti-herbivore defense system of strawberry plants. All three bacterial species exerted adverse effects on life history and population dynamics of T. urticae and positive effects on flowering and physiology of whole strawberry plants. Spider mites, in each life stage and in total, needed longer time to develop on PGPR-treated plants and had lower immature survival rates than those fed on chemically fertilized and untreated plants. Reduced age-specific fecundity, longer developmental time and lower age-specific survival rates of mites feeding on rhizobacteria treated plants reduced their intrinsic rate of increase as compared to mites feeding on chemically fertilized and control plants. The mean abundance was lower in spider mite populations feeding on PGPR-treated strawberries than in those feeding on chemically fertilized and untreated plants. We argue that the three studied PGPR systemically strengthened and/or induced resistance in above-ground plant parts and enhanced the level of biochemical anti-herbivore defense. This was probably achieved by inducing or upregulating the production of secondary plant metabolites, such as phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins, which were previously shown to be involved in induced systemic resistance of strawberry plants. Overall, our study emphasizes that PGPR treatment can be a favorable strawberry plant cultivation measure because providing essential nutrients needed for proper plant growth and at the same time decreasing the life history performance and population growth of the notorious herbivorous pest T. urticae.

Ultrastructural Changes in Three Different Mammalian Cells Following Ultraviolet Laser Irradiation

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
K. Shankar Narayan ◽  
Kailash C. Gupta ◽  
Tohru Okigaki
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet Laser

The biological effects of short-wave ultraviolet light has generally been described in terms of changes in cell growth or survival rates and production of chromosomal aberrations. Ultrastructural changes following exposure of cells to ultraviolet light, particularly at 265 nm, have not been reported.We have developed a means of irradiating populations of cells grown in vitro to a monochromatic ultraviolet laser beam at a wavelength of 265 nm based on the method of Johnson. The cell types studies were: i) WI-38, a human diploid fibroblast; ii) CMP, a human adenocarcinoma cell line; and iii) Don C-II, a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell strain. The cells were exposed either in situ or in suspension to the ultraviolet laser (UVL) beam. Irradiated cell populations were studied either "immediately" or following growth for 1-8 days after irradiation.Differential sensitivity, as measured by survival rates were observed in the three cell types studied. Pattern of ultrastructural changes were also different in the three cell types.

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