scholarly journals Factors Affecting Both the Numbers of the Pinewood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), Carried by the Japanese Pine Sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and the Nematode's Life History

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noritoshi MAEHARA ◽  
Kazuyoshi FUTAI
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Japanese Pine Sawyer

Presence of the cerambycid beetles Psacothea hilaris and Monochamus alternatus affecting the life cycle strategy of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noritoshi Maehara ◽  
Kazuyoshi Futai
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Life Cycle Strategy ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cerambycid Beetles

AbstractAlthough fourth-stage dispersal juveniles (JIV) of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pinewood nematode (PWN), developed in the presence of both Monochamus alternatus and Psacothea hilaris, the numbers and the percentage of JIV were far higher in the presence of the former than of the latter. JIV first appeared 7 days after pupation of M. alternatus and the number increased from the day of beetle eclosion to the third day thereafter, then remained stable. We conclude that the presence of specific vectors affects both the life history of the PWN and the numbers of nematodes carried by vectors emerging from killed pine trees.

scholarly journals Promoting Effect of Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase Gene (pcyt-1) on Departure of Pinewood Nematode from Monochamus alternatus

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Mingxia Jin ◽  
Lichao Wang ◽  
Ailin Yu ◽  
Guai Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Internal Factor ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Lipid Degradation ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Lipid Granules ◽  
Choline Phosphate

In order to study the key gene in internal causes of pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a departure from its vector beetle, Monochamus alternatus, we collected PWNs extracted from newly emerged M. alternatus and beetles 7 days after emergence. The total RNAs of the two groups of PWNs were extracted, transcriptomes sequencing was performed, and gene expression differences between the two groups of PWN were analyzed. It was found that the expression of the choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase gene (pcyt-1) was markedly up-regulated. After inhibition of pcyt-1 expression by RNA interference, the rate of lipid degradation in PWN decreased significantly, and the motility of PWN also decreased significantly. The analysis identified that phosphatidylcholine could promote the emulsification and degradation of neutral lipid granules in PWN, which provides sufficient energy for PWN departure from M. alternatus. The up-regulation of the gene pcyt-1 is an important internal factor for PWN departure from its vector.

Assessment of Metarhizium anisopliae (Clavicipitaceae) and its vector, Scleroderma guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), for the control of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-634
Author(s):  
M. Xu ◽  
F.Y. Xu ◽  
Y.P. Liu ◽  
Y.S. Pan ◽  
X.Q. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Major Disease ◽  
Larval Parasitoid

AbstractThe pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle (Aphelenchida: Parasitaphelenchidae), is a major disease of pines forests in China. Its vector, Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), has been the focus of an intensive study to improve the efficiency of the parasitoid Scleroderma guani Xiao and Wu (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) by using the parasitoid both as a larval parasitoid in its own right and additionally as a vector for the entomophagous pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Clavicipitaceae). Twenty-one M. anisopliae strains were screened and the best four tested for sporulation capabilities at a range of temperatures. The best strain was then evaluated at several sporulation concentrations to define the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) against the larvae of M. alternatus. Scleroderma guani was inoculated with the best strain and tested against larvae of M. alternatus, which were constrained singly in glass vials. Three S. guani females per vial infected with M. anisopliae (strain 789) were shown to cause the death of 100% of the M. alternatus larvae they were exposed to as compared exposures to just one or two infected S. guani females per vial. This demonstrates a successful interaction of two biocontrol agents for the control of the pinewood nematode vector M. alternatus.

Effect of fungus inoculation on the number of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) carried by Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Nematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noritoshi Maehara ◽  
Kaku Tsuda ◽  
Michimasa Yamasaki ◽  
Shinsuke Shirakikawa ◽  
Kazuyoshi Futai
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Pine Wilt ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Japanese Pine Sawyer ◽  
Main Food Source

Abstract To confirm the effects of wood-inhabiting fungi on the number of pine wood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) carried by the Japanese pine sawyer (Monochamus alternatus), we attempted to change the mycoflora and also to prevent blue-stain fungi, the main food source fungi of the nematodes, from spreading throughout pine wilt-killed Pinus densiflora wood by inoculating 12 other fungi into the dead logs. Trichoderma sp. 2, Trichoderma sp. 3, and Verticillium sp. inoculation treatments tended to decrease the number of the nematodes carried by the beetles. These fungi were more or less antagonistic to the blue-stain fungus Ophiostoma minus, and Trichoderma sp. 2 and Trichoderma sp. 3 grew faster than O. minus on four kinds of media.

Effect of blue-stain fungi on the number of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) carried by Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noritoshi Maehara ◽  
Kunihiko Hata ◽  
Kazuyoshi Futai
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Pine Wilt ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Pinewood Nematodes ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Japanese Pine Sawyer ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Pupal Chamber

AbstractBlue-stain fungi were mainly isolated from the wood of pine wilt-killed Pinus densiflora. Intense blue-stain on the pupal chamber walls of the Japanese pine sawyer (Monochamus alternatus) increased the number of pinewood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) aggregating around such chambers and the number carried by the beetles that emerged from the chambers. There were differences in the numbers of nematodes carried by beetles among individual trees from which the beetles emerged. The beetles emerging from dry chambers carried relatively few nematodes.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Ratio of Female to Male of Pinewood Nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Pengfei Wei ◽  
Yongxia Li ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Mengge Gao ◽  
Zhenkai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Primary Sex Ratio ◽  
Pinewood Nematodes ◽  
In The Wild

The pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (B. xylophilus) is responsible for a devastating disease of pine forests. Its pathogenicity is closely related to the numbers of individual B. xylophilus. The ratio of female to male (sex ratio) is key to understanding population change in this species. The sex ratio of B. xylophilus varies widely, but it is unclear how it is affected by environmental changes. The sex ratios of nematodes, isolated from different samples in the wild, varied between 0.93 and 2.20. Under laboratory conditions, maternal age and the population did not affect the sex ratio of progeny. A change from good to poor nutritional status was associated with a reduction of the sex ratio of progeny from 1.85 to 1.41, which was speculated to result from a change in the primary sex ratio. Thus, B. xylophilus effectively maintains the sex ratio with maternal age and population changes but adjusts the sex ratio of progeny on the basis of the changes in nutrition.

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