scholarly journals Side effects of vegetable pesticides on a predatory mirid bug, Pilophorus typicus Distant (Heteroptera: Miridae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kengo Nakahira ◽  
Ryoya Kashitani ◽  
Masafumi Tomoda ◽  
Rika Kodama ◽  
Katsura Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Mirid Bug ◽  
Predatory Mirid

Implications of using two natural enemies of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) toward tomato yield enhancement

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (05) ◽  
pp. 617-625
Author(s):  
M.A. Mirhosseini ◽  
Y. Fathipour ◽  
M. Soufbaf ◽  
G.V.P. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Trichogramma Brassicae ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Mirid Bug ◽  
Predatory Mirid

AbstractTomato leaf miner (TLM), Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most destructive tomato pests worldwide. We tested quantity and quality of tomato fruits after simultaneous use of two biological control agents, the predatory mirid bug Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) and the egg parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko against TLM. We varied the timing of predator releases (before or after pest establishment) and the number of parasitoids released (ten or 30 females per week per m2). The highest number of fruits per cage, percentage of undamaged fruits, total yield weight, and undamaged yield weight were all obtained with predator-in-first treatments, with or without parasitoid releases. Furthermore, measures of fruit quality were also highest in predator-in-first treatments, including, highest percentage of water, greatest proportional fresh weight of carbohydrates, most lycopene, most β-carotene, most flavonoids, and highest total chlorophyll. Thus, our findings support a predator-in-first augmentation approach for management of TLM.

scholarly journals Predation of apple leafcurling midge Dasineura mali by Sejanus albisignata

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Shaw ◽  
D.R. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Effective Predator ◽  
Mirid Bug ◽  
Predatory Mirid ◽  
Dasineura Mali

The predatory mirid bug Sejanus albisignata has been observed feeding on apple leafcurling midge (ALCM) eggs but quantitative data on its potential as a predator of ALCM are lacking Two methods were trialled to assess predation of ALCM by S albisignata In a laboratory experiment apple shoots infested with freshly laid ALCM eggs were contained with and without a S albisignata adult and in a field experiment paper bags were secured over shoots with ALCM eggs and individual S albisignata nymphs were introduced into half of these There were significant reductions of surviving midge larvae on shoots confined with adult predators and reduced numbers of midgeinfested leaves and larvae on bagged shoots with S albisignata nymphs Results from these nonchoice trials indicate that S albisignata can be an effective predator of ALCM More detailed feeding studies would determine if adult and immature S albisignata have a preference for midge eggs or larvae

scholarly journals The Amino Acid-Mediated TOR Pathway Regulates Reproductive Potential and Population Growth in Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haowen Zhu ◽  
Sui Zheng ◽  
Jinming Xu ◽  
Qing Wu ◽  
Qisheng Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Tor Pathway ◽  
Cyrtorhinus Lividipennis ◽  
Mirid Bug ◽  
Predatory Mirid ◽  
Predatory Capacity ◽  
Gramineous Species

The predatory mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter, feeds on brown planthopper (BPH) eggs that are deposited on rice and gramineous plants surrounding rice fields. The development and reproduction of C. lividipennis are inhibited by feeding on BPH eggs from gramineous species, and the underlining regulatory mechanism for this phenomenon is unclear. In the present study, HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the concentrations of six amino acids (AAs:Ala, Arg, Ser, Lys, Thr, and Pro) were significantly higher in rice than in five gramineous species. When C. lividipennis fed on gramineous plants with BPH eggs, expression of several genes in the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway (Rheb, TOR, and S6K) were significantly lower than that in the insects fed on rice plants with BPH eggs. Treatment of C. lividipennis females with rapamycin, dsRheb, dsTOR, or dsS6K caused a decrease in Rheb, TOR, and S6K expression, and these effects were partially rescued by the juvenile hormone (JH) analog, methoprene. Dietary dsTOR treatment significantly influenced a number of physiological parameters and resulted in impaired predatory capacity, fecundity, and population growth. This study indicates that these six AAs play an important role in the mediated-TOR pathway, which in turn regulates vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis, reproduction, and population growth in C. lividipennis.

Odour-mediated responses of a predatory mirid bug and its prey, the two-spotted spider mite

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid R. S. Moayeri ◽  
Ahmad Ashouri ◽  
Henrik F. Brødsgaard ◽  
Annie Enkegaard
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Mirid Bug ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Predatory Mirid

Gastric Ulcers Produced by Cisplatin

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal ◽  
J. San Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Enzyme Cytochemistry ◽  
Intestinal Toxicity ◽  
Ovarian Cancers ◽  
Inner Surface

Cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)) a potent antitumor agent is now available for the treatment of testicular and ovarian cancers. It is however, not free from its serious side effects including nephrotoxicity, gastro intestinal toxicity, myelosuppression, and ototoxicity. Here we now report that the drug produces peculiar bloating of the stomach in rats and induces acute ulceration.Wistar-derived rats weighing 200-250 g were administered cisplatin(9 mg/kg) ip as a single dose in 0.15 M NaCl. After 3 days the animals were sacrificed by decapitation. The stomachs were removed, the contents analyzed for pepsin and acidity. The inner surface was examined with a dissecting microscope after a moderate stretching for ulcers. Affected areas were fixed and processed for routine electron microscopy and enzyme cytochemistry.The drug treated animals kept on food and water consistently showed bloating and lesions (Fig. 1) with a frequency of 6-70 ulcers in the rumen section of the stomachs.

Effects of cisplatin treatment on the rat neurohypophysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
J.M. Fadool ◽  
P.J. Boyer ◽  
S.K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs

Cisplatin (CDDP) is currently one of the most valuable antineoplastic drugs available. However, it has severe toxic side effects of which nephrotoxicity is the major dose limiting factor in its use. It induces morphological changes in the kidney with hampered urine output. The present study is an effort to determine the influence of the drug on the neurohypophysis for any antidiuretic effects on the kidney.

Severe Drooling and Treatment With Botulinum Toxin

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Merete Bakke ◽  
Allan Bardow ◽  
Eigild Møller
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Acetylcholine Release ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Local Inhibition ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Severe drooling is associated with discomfort and psychosocial problems and may constitute a health risk. A variety of different surgical and non-surgical treatments have been used to diminish drooling, some of them with little or uncertain effect and others more effective but irreversible or with side effects. Based on clinical evidence, injection with botulinum toxin (BTX) into the parotid and submandibular glands is a useful treatment option, because it is local, reversible, and with few side effects, although it has to be repeated. The mechanism of BTX is a local inhibition of acetylcholine release, which diminishes receptor-coupled secretion and results in a flow rate reduction of 25–50% for 2–7 months.

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