scholarly journals Effect of tomato yellow leaf curl disease on reproduction of Bemisia tabaci Q biotype (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on tomato plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Matsuura ◽  
Shigeru Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Q Biotype ◽  
Leaf Curl Disease ◽  
Leaf Curl

scholarly journals Rate of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Translocation in the Circulative Transmission Pathway of its Vector, the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Ghanim ◽  
Shai Morin ◽  
Henryk Czosnek
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Hemolymph Sample ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci, biotype B) were able to transmit Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) 8 h after they were caged with infected tomato plants. The spread of TYLCV during this latent period was followed in organs thought to be involved in the translocation of the virus in B. tabaci. After increasing acquisition access periods (AAPs) on infected tomato plants, the stylets, the head, the midgut, a hemolymph sample, and the salivary glands dissected from individual insects were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) without any treatment; the presence of TYLCV was assessed with virus-specific primers. TYLCV DNA was first detected in the head of B. tabaci after a 10-min AAP. The virus was present in the midgut after 40 min and was first detected in the hemolymph after 90 min. TYLCV was found in the salivary glands 5.5 h after it was first detected in the hemolymph. Subjecting the insect organs to immunocapture-PCR showed that the virus capsid protein was in the insect organs at the same time as the virus genome, suggesting that at least some TYLCV translocates as virions. Although females are more efficient as vectors than males, TYLCV was detected in the salivary glands of males and of females after approximately the same AAP.

Real-time PCR for the quantitation of Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus in tomato plants and in Bemisia tabaci

2008 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Mason ◽  
Piero Caciagli ◽  
Gian Paolo Accotto ◽  
Emanuela Noris
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Leaf Curl

scholarly journals Detection of Satellite DNA Beta in Tomato Plants with Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease in Jordan

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 1017-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Anfoka ◽  
F. Haj Ahmad ◽  
M. Altaleb ◽  
M. Al Shhab
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl Disease ◽  
Leaf Curl

In Jordan, as well as many countries in the region, tomato production is threatened by begomoviruses belonging to the tomato yellow leaf curl virus complex (1). In 2013, an experiment was conducted at Homret Al-Sahen, Jordan (GPS coordinates 32°05′06″ N, 35°38′52″ E), to evaluate different tomato breeding lines for resistance against viruses causing tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD). Disease symptoms, typical of those caused by TYLCV complex, were observed in many susceptible lines. However, some lines exhibited unusual symptoms including severe leaf curling and stunting. To identify the causal agent of these symptoms, total nucleic acids were extracted from 21 symptomatic plants and used as templates in PCR analysis using nine primers, previously described to detect Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus, and two recombinants between TYLCV and TYLCSV (3). In addition, the universal primer pair β01/β02 (2) was used to investigate the association of satDNA β with the disease. The PCR products characteristic of TYLCV (664 bp) could be amplified from five plants indicating single infection, while double infection with TYLCV and satDNA β (1,320 bp) was detected in seven plants. Mixed infection with TYLCV, TYLCSV (628 bp), and satDNA β was detected in another seven symptomatic plants and only one plant was infected with TYLCV and TYLCSV. A single plant had mixed infection with TYLCV, TYLCSV, and RecA (a recombinant between TYLCV/TYLCSV) (538 bp) (3). Amplicons obtained from two plants using β01/β02 primers were directly sequenced as 1,320-bp PCR products. Both sequences were found identical and, therefore, this sequence was deposited in the GenBank under the accession number KJ396939. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this satDNA β sequence had the highest nucleotide (95%) identity with Okra leaf curl virus (OkLCV) satDNA 3 (AF397217) and OkLCV satDNA 10 (AF397215). The contribution of the satDNA β in the modulation of the TYLCD symptoms will be further investigated. Few years ago, another satDNA (Tomβ01-Om) was reported in Oman to be associated with TYLCD (4). However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection of satDNA β in tomato plants infected with viruses causing TYLCD in Jordan. The increasing diversity of begomoviruses causing TYLCD in the region is of great concern due to the possible emergence of more virulent viruses and subsequent increased losses to tomato production. References: (1) G. Anfoka et al. J. Plant Pathol. 90:311, 2008. (2) R. W. Briddon and J. Stanley. Virology 344:198, 2006. (3) S. Davino et al. Virus Res. 143:15, 2009. (4) A. J. Khan et al. Virus Gene 36:169, 2008.

scholarly journals First Report of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Hawaii

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Melzer ◽  
D. Y. Ogata ◽  
S. K. Fukuda ◽  
R. Shimabuku ◽  
W. B. Borth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Nucleotide Identity ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl Disease ◽  
Leaf Curl

Tomato yellow leaf curl disease, caused by the begomovirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV; family Geminiviridae), is an economically important disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) that can be very destructive in tropical and subtropical regions (1). In October 2009, tomato plants showing stunted new growth, interveinal chlorosis, and upward curling of leaf margins were reported by a residential gardener in Wailuku, on the island of Maui. Similar symptoms were observed in approximately 200 tomato plants at a University of Hawaii research farm in Poamoho, on the island of Oahu in November 2009. The similarity between these symptoms and those of tomato yellow leaf curl disease and the presence of whiteflies (Bemisia spp.), the vector of TYLCV, suggested the causal agent was a geminivirus such as TYLCV. Total nucleic acids were extracted from a tomato plant sample from Wailuku and Poamoho and used in a PCR assay with degenerate primers PAR1c715 and PAL1v1978 for geminivirus detection (4). The ~1.5-kbp amplicon expected to be produced from a geminivirus template was generated from the symptomatic tomato plant samples but not from a greenhouse-grown control tomato plant. The amplicons were cloned by the pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI). Three clones from each sample were sequenced, revealing 97 to 99% nucleotide identity to TYLCV sequences in GenBank and a 98.9% nucleotide identity between the Wailuku (Accession No. GU322424) and Poamoho (Accession No. GU322423) isolates. A multiplex PCR assay for the detection and discrimination between the IL and Mld clades of TYLCV was also performed on these isolates (2). A ~0.8-kbp amplicon was generated from both isolates confirming the presence of TYLCV and their inclusion into the TYLCV-IL clade (2). Seven symptomatic and three asymptomatic tomato plant samples from Poamoho were tested for TYLCV using a squash-blot hybridization assay (3) utilizing a digoxigenin-labeled probe derived from the ~1.5-kbp PCR amplicon. All symptomatic tomato plants and one asymptomatic tomato plant were found to be infected with TYLCV. How the virus entered Hawaii and how long it has been present is unknown. The most plausible route is through infected plant material such as an asymptomatic alternative host rather than viruliferous whiteflies. It appears TYLCV is not a recent introduction into Hawaii since the Wailuku gardener observed similar disease symptoms for a few years before submitting samples for testing. In January 2010, TYLCV was also detected in two commercial tomato farms on Oahu, posing a serious threat to the state's $10 million annual tomato crop. References: (1) H. Czosnek and H. Laterrot. Arch. Virol. 142:1392, 1997. (2) P. Lefeuvre et al. J. Virol. Methods 144:165, 2007. (3) N. Navot et al. Phytopathology 79:562, 1989. (4) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.

scholarly journals The Transmission Efficiency of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus by the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Is Correlated with the Presence of a Specific Symbiotic Bacterium Species

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (18) ◽  
pp. 9310-9317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Gottlieb ◽  
Einat Zchori-Fein ◽  
Netta Mozes-Daube ◽  
Svetlana Kontsedalov ◽  
Marisa Skaljac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Groel Protein ◽  
Q Biotype ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
B Biotype ◽  
Leaf Curl

ABSTRACT Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) (Geminiviridae: Begomovirus) is exclusively vectored by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). TYLCV transmission depends upon a 63-kDa GroEL protein produced by the vector's endosymbiotic bacteria. B. tabaci is a species complex comprising several genetically distinct biotypes that show different secondary-symbiont fauna. In Israel, the B biotype harbors Hamiltonella, and the Q biotype harbors Wolbachia and Arsenophonus. Both biotypes harbor Rickettsia and Portiera (the obligatory primary symbionts). The aim of this study was to determine which B. tabaci symbionts are involved in TYLCV transmission using B. tabaci populations collected in Israel. Virus transmission assays by B. tabaci showed that the B biotype efficiently transmits the virus, while the Q biotype scarcely transmits it. Yeast two-hybrid and protein pulldown assays showed that while the GroEL protein produced by Hamiltonella interacts with TYLCV coat protein, GroEL produced by Rickettsia and Portiera does not. To assess the role of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus GroEL proteins (GroELs), we used an immune capture PCR (IC-PCR) assay, employing in vivo- and in vitro-synthesized GroEL proteins from all symbionts and whitefly artificial feeding through membranes. Interaction between GroEL and TYLCV was found to occur in the B biotype, but not in the Q biotype. This assay further showed that release of virions protected by GroEL occurs adjacent to the primary salivary glands. Taken together, the GroEL protein produced by Hamiltonella (present in the B biotype, but absent in the Q biotype) facilitates TYLCV transmission. The other symbionts from both biotypes do not seem to be involved in transmission of this virus.

scholarly journals Vector Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Thailand Virus by the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci: Circulative or Propagative?

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Wei-Hua Li ◽  
De-Fen Mou ◽  
Chien-Kuei Hsieh ◽  
Sung-Hsia Weng ◽  
Wen-Shi Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Vector Interaction ◽  
Generation Progeny ◽  
Leaf Curl Disease ◽  
Transmission Biology ◽  
Leaf Curl

Viruses that cause tomato yellow leaf curl disease are part of a group of viruses of the genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae. Tomato-infecting begomoviruses cause epidemics in tomato crops in tropical, subtropical, and Mediterranean climates, and they are exclusively transmitted by Bemisia tabaci in the field. The objective of the present study was to examine the transmission biology of the tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV) by B. tabaci, including virus-infected tissues, virus translocation, virus replication, and transovarial transmission. The results demonstrated that the virus translocates from the alimentary gut to the salivary glands via the hemolymph, without apparent replication when acquired by B. tabaci. Furthermore, the virus was detected in 10% of the first-generation progeny of viruliferous females, but the progeny was unable to cause the viral infection of host plants. There was no evidence of transovarial transmission of TYLCTHV in B. tabaci. When combined with the current literature, our results suggest that B. tabaci transmits TYLCTHV in a persistent-circulative mode. The present study enhances our understanding of virus–vector interaction and the transmission biology of TYLCTHV in B. tabaci.

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