scholarly journals Host age selection by the host-feeding pupal parasitoid Diadromus subtilicornis (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Viet Tran ◽  
Keiji Takasu
Keyword(s):  
Host Feeding ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid

Population dynamics of two species of intestinal helminth in oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Goater ◽  
J. D. Goss-Custard ◽  
C. R. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Paratenic Host ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
Haematopus Ostralegus

The cestode Micrasomacanthus rectacantha and the trematode Psilostomum brevicolle are the two most common intestinal helminths of oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, on the Exe estuary, England. Each was present in 57 of 60 birds, in numbers ranging from 1 to 9833 and from 1 to 182, respectively. Cockles (Cerastoderma edule) were used as paratenic host by M. rectacantha and as second intermediate host by P. brevicolle. Over 90% of the transmission of M. rectacantha from intermediate hosts occurred in winter, between cockles and juvenile birds. Exposure to M. rectacantha was highest in cockles from muddy sites, where up to 80% of older cockles were infected with 1–14 larvae. Exposure to P. brevicolle was similarly high at one sandy site. Juveniles also made up > 90% of the birds present on the estuary in summer, when significantly more worms were gravid. Estimates based on the numbers of uterine eggs per individual P. brevicolle showed that 8 % of the total Exe population of oystercatchers (ca. 200) contributed 51% of the eggs to the estuary. The results implicate host age, host feeding preference, and host population structure as important factors determining variation in helminth abundance in birds.

The relationship between the size of some salmonid fishes and the intensity of their acanthocephalan infections

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 924-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar M. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Maximal Increase

Of the complex factors affecting the abundance of acanthocephalan infections in their definitive fish hosts, those related to fish age are considered. In Lake Michigan, the abundance of some 8000 worms, mostly Echinorhynchus salmonis (Müller, 1784), was independent of the age (weight) of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), and lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum), using linear regression analysis. Other E. salmonis infection patterns include steady increase in abundance with host age and a maximal increase in midage. A decrease in abundance with host age was demonstrated in other acanthocephalan species. The above patterns were primarily related to host feeding behavior as well as spatial and seasonal distribution of invertebrate and vertebrate larval hosts. A progressive increase in the abundance of Echinorhynchus through midage or through life is associated with a stable intake of an invertebrate diet, including the infected intermediate host, in larger volumes by older fish. Loss of the latter two patterns is affected by destabilizing the above trend through total or partial replacement of the invertebrate diet with a piscivorous one.

scholarly journals Effects of Host Age on the Parasitism ofPachycrepoideus vindemmiae(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), an Ectoparasitic Pupal Parasitoid ofBactrocera cucurbitae(Diptera: Tephritidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Yan Zhao ◽  
Ling Zeng ◽  
Yi-Juan Xu ◽  
Yong-Yue Lu ◽  
Guang-Wen Liang
Keyword(s):  
Host Age ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid

scholarly journals Host-age effects and the efficiency of the pupal parasitoid Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri, 1913) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) against the melon fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett, 1849) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Mehmood ◽  
Kamran Sohail ◽  
Muhammad Qasim ◽  
Shupeng Xu ◽  
Haiyang Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Effects ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Bactrocera Cucurbitae ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
Melon Fly ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Biological Aspects

Abstract Dirhinus giffardii is an efficient and aggressive pupal parasitoid of tephritid flies, including Bactrocera cucurbitae. Here we report on the various biological aspects of Dirhinus giffardii, mainly host-age preference, potential as well as the survival of this parasitoid from the pupae of different ages and its in vivo release against Bactrocera cucurbitae. The emergence rate of parasitoids was higher in old pupae than in fresh pupae. Similarly, the lifespan and potential of parasitoids emerged from older pupae were higher than those emerged from younger ones. The parasitoids reared on older pupae significantly controlled melon fly infestation in vivo. These findings suggest that parasitoids reared on older pupae of B. cucurbitae have a greater potential regarding fecundity, parasitism performance and survival, as these parasitoids effectively suppressed populations of B. cucurbitae under greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Performance of the parasitoid species Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Aphidius ervi (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), using Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as host

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surjeet Kumar ◽  
Shruti Kashyap ◽  
Saurbh Soni
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
North India ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
Aphelinus Asychis

Abstract Three parasitoid species viz. Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Aphidius ervi (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing the aphid species Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in mid-hills of north India were studied. At different locations and times of the year, the parasitization by A. asychis, A. ervi, and D. rapae ranged from 7.53 to 37.58, 4.26 to 80.45, and 74.25 to 80.48%, respectively. All the 3 parasitoids successfully completed their development on different nymphal instars of the aphid host and the total developmental duration of A. asychis, A. ervi, and D. rapae ranged 10.4–14.6, 24.2–29.6, and 10.2–15.2 days, respectively. It was significantly longer on the 1st nymphal instar of the host. The longevity of the female parasitoids was significantly longer than their counterparts. Differences in host age significantly influenced the longevity of female parasitoids and it was more on 1 to 2-day-old nymphs than that on 4 to 5-day-old nymphs. Fecundity and ovipositional periods of the parasitoids on younger (1–2 days old) host age group were considerably prolonged than on the older ages of the aphid. Average total fecundity of A. asychis and D. rapae was significantly higher when parasitizing 1–2-day-old nymphs. In A. asychis, host feeding behavior was also observed by a total host feeding of 89.2 aphids (1–2 days old) and 43.4 aphids (4–5 days old) during its life span. It is concluded that A. asychis, A. ervi, and D. rapae can be mass reared using M. persicae as host and can be utilized successfully in augmentative biological control program.

scholarly journals Exposure Time and age Links Parasitism, Emergence and Development of Pupal Parasitoid Dirhinus giffardii Against Bactrocera zonata

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
Percent Parasitism ◽  
Bactrocera Zonata

The parasitism, emergence and development of pupal parasitoid, Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri) was assessed against the pupae of the fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), under laboratory conditions. The fruit fly and D. giffardii were reared in glass cages on the artificial diet, and a known number of different 1-hour (fresh), 1-day, 2-day, 3-day and 4-day old pupae were offered to the respective parasitoids for a period of 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. It was noted that the parasitism was increased gradually with an increase in pupal age and exposure time. The highest parasitism occurred on 3-day old pupae followed by 4-day, 2-day, 1-day and 1 hour (fresh) old pupae. The studies also manifested that exposure time and host age have a significant effect on the oviposition, per female parasitism, percent parasitism, emergence and development of pupal parasitoid, D. giffardii. The average developmental time of parasitoid was recorded significantly longer in 1-hour (fresh) old pupae than in the older pupae. The study revealed that D. giffardii is a virtuous candidate for the biological control of B. zonata and the pupae of B. zonata might be the perfect host for laboratory rearing of this parasitoid.

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