scholarly journals In vitro rearing of the larval endoparasitoid, Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). IV. Effects of osmotic pressure and pH on larval development.

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388
Author(s):  
Yuichi Nakahara ◽  
Kikuo Iwabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Venturia Canescens ◽  
In Vitro Rearing

scholarly journals In Vitro Rearing of the Larval Endoparasitoid Venturia canescens (GRAVENHORST) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) : II. Larval Development

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimi YAMAMOTO ◽  
Motomu OHORI ◽  
Takashi OHBAYASHI ◽  
Kikuo IWABUCHI ◽  
Jun MITSUHASHI
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Venturia Canescens ◽  
In Vitro Rearing

scholarly journals The effects of flubendazole and its metabolites on the larval development of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): an in vitro study

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bártíková ◽  
L. Skálová ◽  
J. Lamka ◽  
B. Szotáková ◽  
M. Várady
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Susceptible Isolate ◽  
Marked Resistance ◽  
Larval Development Test

AbstractThe anthelmintic effects of flubendazole (FLU), its two main metabolites reduced flubendazole (FLU-R) and hydrolyzed flubendazole (FLU-H), and thiabendazole (TBZ) were compared using an in vitro larval development test in two isolates of Haemonchus contortus, a fully susceptible isolate (HCS) and a multi-resistant isolate (HCR). Results were quantified as 50 % lethal concentration (LC50), 99 % lethal concentration (LC99), efficacy factor (EF), and resistance factor (RF). For HCS, both LC50 and LC99 of FLU were lower than those of the reference TBZ. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-R in HCS and HCR was 13 and 6 times lower than the activity of FLU, respectively. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-H was negligible (approximately 363–853 times lower) compared to that of FLU. Although a marked resistance of the HCR isolate to TBZ was confirmed, only a low tolerance to FLU-R and slightly higher tolerance to FLU were found.

Osmotic equilibria in fibroblasts in tissue culture measured by immersion refractometry

1958 ◽  
Vol 149 (934) ◽  
pp. 130-143 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Chick Heart ◽  
Osmotic Behaviour ◽  
Osmotic Properties ◽  
Saline Medium

Volume-osmotic pressure relationships at equilibrium have been obtained in chick heart fibroblasts grown in slide-coverslip cultures in a fluid medium consisting of heparinized plasma and embryo extract. The refractive index of the fibroblast gives a direct measure of its solid concentration, and the volume is estimated as the reciprocal of concentration. The volume is found to be linearly related to the reciprocal of the osmotic pressure over a range from 130 to 587 m-osm, provided the measurements are carried out rapidly at 38°C. The isotonic water content of the cells derived from the gradient of the regression line on the basis of the simple Boyle-van’t Hoff Law was found to be less than actual water content obtained by direct refractometry, i. e. the value of Ponder’s ℛ was 0⋅94 (s. d. 0⋅04). In cultures grown in a simple saline medium and measured at 22°C the volume was related linearly to the reciprocal of the osmotic pressure only between the limits of 330 and 191 m-osm. Outside these limits the volume was greater than expected and this was attributed to alterations in the semi-permeable properties of the cell membrane. The value of Ponder’s ℛ in these cultures was 1⋅15. The importance of the quantity, ℛ, as applied to cells other than the erythrocyte, is indicated. The value, 0⋅94 (s. d. 0⋅04), obtained in fibroblasts under physiological conditions is not explicable on the basis of the probable osmotic properties in vitro of the cell proteins. The discrepancy is within the experimental error, but it may also be due to abnormal osmotic behaviour of the cell proteins resulting from some form of intermolecular structure in the cytoplasm.

scholarly journals In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Two Aloe-derived Active Principles against Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701201
Author(s):  
Gianluca Fichi ◽  
Matteo Mattellini ◽  
Elisa Meloni ◽  
Guido Flamini ◽  
Stefania Perrucci
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Aloe Emodin

The in vitro anthelmintic activity on sheep gastrointestinal strongyle (GIS) eggs and larvae of 0.5% aloin and 0.1% aloe-emodin was investigated. From fresh faecal samples collected by ewes naturally infected by Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus and Teladorsagia nematodes, GIS eggs were isolated and cultivated in Petri dishes (100 eggs/dish). For the in vitro evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of tested compounds, the Egg hatch test (EHT), the Larval development test (LDT) and the Larval mortality/paralysis test (LMT) were used. In each assay, the activity of tested compounds was compared to untreated and treated (0.1% thiabendazole, TBZ) controls. Six repetitions were made through the experiment. Obtained data were statistically elaborated using the X2 test. In EHT, 0.5% aloin gave highly significantly different (P<0.01) results from the untreated controls. In LDT, both 0.1% aloe-emodin and 0.5% aloin almost completely prevented the larval development from L1 to L3, showing no significant differences (P<0.01) when compared to TBZ. In LMT, larval mortality observed in 0.5% aloin treated plates was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that observed in TBZ treated controls. These results show the in vitro anthelmintic properties on sheep GIS of the examined plant secondary metabolites. In LDT and/or LMT, the activity of 0.5% aloin and 0.1% aloe-emodin was comparable to or higher than that of the reference drug.

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