scholarly journals Coral Reefs: Challenges, Opportunities and Evolutionary Strategies for Surviving Climate Change in the Caribbean

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Ron Mahabir
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Evolutionary Strategies ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Thermal Thresholds ◽  
Marine Plants ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Relationship

Coral reefs are some one of the most diverse marine ecosystems on Earth. They are renowned hotspots of species biodiversity and provide home to a large array of marine plants and animals. Over the past 100 years in many tropical regions sea surface temperatures have increased by almost 1°C and are currently increasing at about 1–2°C per century. Corals have very specific thermal thresholds beyond which their temperature sensitive symbiot Zooxanthellae becomes affected and causes corals to bleach. Mass bleaching has already caused significant losses to live coral in many parts of the world. This paper looks at the key role that temperature plays in affecting the health and spatial distribution of coral in the Caribbean. The relationship between coral and symbiot is examined, in addition to some of the evolutionary strategies necessary to ensure the future survival of coral with changing climate.

scholarly journals Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world's coral reefs

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The Past

Sea temperatures in many tropical regions have increased by almost 1°C over the past 100 years, and are currently increasing at ~1–2°C per century. Coral bleaching occurs when the thermal tolerance of corals and their photosynthetic symbionts (zooxanthellae) is exceeded. Mass coral bleaching has occurred in association with episodes of elevated sea temperatures over the past 20 years and involves the loss of the zooxanthellae following chronic photoinhibition. Mass bleaching has resulted in significant losses of live coral in many parts of the world. This paper considers the biochemical, physiological and ecological perspectives of coral bleaching. It also uses the outputs of four runs from three models of global climate change which simulate changes in sea temperature and hence how the frequency and intensity of bleaching events will change over the next 100 years. The results suggest that the thermal tolerances of reef-building corals are likely to be exceeded every year within the next few decades. Events as severe as the 1998 event, the worst on record, are likely to become commonplace within 20 years. Most information suggests that the capacity for acclimation by corals has already been exceeded, and that adaptation will be too slow to avert a decline in the quality of the world’s reefs. The rapidity of the changes that are predicted indicates a major problem for tropical marine ecosystems and suggests that unrestrained warming cannot occur without the loss and degradation of coral reefs on a global scale.

The Inter-American Security Agenda

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Perry ◽  
Max Primorac
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Development Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diverse Nations

The circumstances of the diverse nations of the Western Hemisphere have been dramatically transformed over the course of the past few years - as has the relationship among them. During the 1980s and early 1990s, a wave of democracy swept over most of Latin America and the Caribbean, placing almost all of the societies in the region under the rule of elected civilian governments. At the same time, the nationalist-statist development models of the past have been virtually abandoned and much more open, market-oriented lines of economic policy have been adopted. Moreover, many previously contentious issues that troubled relationships among the countries of the region and separated them from the United States appear to be in abeyance.

scholarly journals Scholarship or solidarity? The post-emancipation era in the Caribbean reconsidered

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter C. Emmer
Keyword(s):  
Large Degree ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Slave Emancipation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Emancipation Era

[First paragraph]From a reading of Michael Craton's (1994) recent contribution to this journal on slave emancipation in the Bahamas, one is struck by two things. First, we have come a long way in the historical study of slavery compared with the analysis of the post-emancipation period. Over the past thirty years we have amassed a mountain of materials covering virtually all aspects of the system of slavery. As a consequence we have been able to reach a large degree of consensus on slavery in the U.S. South, the Caribbean, and Brazil. Of course, certain differences of interpretation remain. For example, we still have not solved all the riddles on issues such as the demographic decline of the slave populations in the tropical regions of the New World or the survival of African norms and values in these parts.

scholarly journals Status and conservation of coral reefs in Costa Rica

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cortés ◽  
Carlos E Jiménez ◽  
Ana C Fonseca ◽  
Juan José Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Caribbean Coast ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Coral Communities ◽  
Algal Ridge ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Government

<span>Costa Rica has coral communities and reefs on the Caribbean coast and on the Pacific along the coast and off-shore islands. The Southern section of the Caribbean coast has fringing and patch reefs, carbonate banks, and an incipient algal ridge. The Pacific coast has coral communities, reefs and isolated coral colonies. Coral reefs have been seriously impacted in the last 30 years, mainly by sediments (Caribbean coast and some Pacific reefs) and by El Niño warming events (both coasts). Monitoring is being carried out at three sites on each coast. Both coasts suffered significant reductions in live coral cover in the 1980’s, but coral cover is now increasing in most sites. The government of Costa Rica is aware of the importance of coral reefs and marine environments in general, and in recent years decrees have been implemented (or are in the process of approval) to protect them, but limited resources endanger their proper management and conservation, including proper outreach to reef users and the general public.</span>

scholarly journals New recruitment of staghorn corals in the Gulf of Mannar – the emergence of a resilient coral reef

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 14908-14911
Author(s):  
Koushik Sadhukhan ◽  
Ramesh Chatragadda ◽  
T. Shanmugaraj ◽  
M.V. Ramana Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
National Park ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Gulf Of Mannar ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Recruits

Coral Reefs in Gulf of Mannar is degrading with fatser rate due to several environmental stress over the past few decades. Under this severe degredation phase, our work has observed significant coral recruitment at Hare Island and Manoli & Manoliputti Island of Gulf of Mannar. Occurrenc of new recruitment of corals increseas the live coral cover percentage upto 58.4% and 51.5% in both Islands respectively. The findings reported here that increased percentage of coral cover brings a new hope for the researcher to find out the possible driving forces to the successful post larval settlement and survival of the new recruits which results in better conservation and management plan for the coral reefs of GoM Marine National Park.    

scholarly journals Lengthening of Warm Periods Increased the Intensity of Warm-season Marine Heatwaves Over the Past Four Decades

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinru Li ◽  
Simon Donner
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Thermal Thresholds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Peak Intensity

Abstract Marine heatwaves (MHWs), periods of anomalously warm sea surface temperature (SST) which can have significant impacts on marine ecosystems, have increased in frequency and severity over recent decades. Many coastal systems (e.g. coral reefs) are particularly vulnerable to warm-season heat stress when temperature can exceed organisms’ thermal thresholds and lead to mass mortality. While many studies have examined the change of the warm-season heat stress occurrence over time, e.g., for coral reefs, there has been less analysis of the thermal structure of heat stress events. Here we examined the trend in the characteristics of warm-season heat stress (referred to as warm-season MHWs) at the global-scale from 1985 to 2019, using multiple metrics for each of duration, peak intensity, accumulated heat stress, heating rates and level of intensity. The results showed that warm-season MHWs have become more frequent, longer-lasting, featured higher peak intensity and accumulated heat stress across most of the ocean over the past four decades. Furthermore, decomposition of the trends in warm-season MHWs structure showed that the increased accumulated heat stress was predominantly driven by the increased duration rather than the increased intensity, especially in the western and central equatorial Pacific. The results contribute to improving the understanding of warm-season MHWs, which may help inform the prediction of their impacts on marine ecosystems as well as marine conservation and management under climate change.

Resurrection of the octocorallian genus Antillogorgia for Caribbean species previously assigned to Pseudopterogorgia, and a taxonomic assessment of the relationship of these genera with Leptogorgia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Gorgoniidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3505 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY C. WILLIAMS ◽  
JEI-YING CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The genus Antillogorgia Bayer, 1951 is resurrected for species of zooxanthellate, pinnately-branched gorgonians with sc-lerite complements that include well-developed scaphoids, and inhabit coral reefs of the western Atlantic, particularlyfrom the Bahamas through the Caribbean. These species were previously assigned to the Indo-Pacific genus Pseu-dopterogorgia Kükenthal, 1919 by Bayer, 1958 (thus making Antillogorgia a junior synonym of Pseudopterogorgia), butare shown here to warrant generic separation. Both morphological as well as molecular evidence is provided to justify distinguishing the two genera. Taxonomic relationships to a third gorgoniid genus, Leptogorgia, are also discussed.

The masking of history : popular images of the nation on a Dominican sugar plantation

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 227-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sugar Plantation ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Popular Images ◽  
The Relationship

Examines how popular, oppositional historical consciousness is formed and expressed among poor and marginalized rural proletarians of Haitian descent living in the Dominican Republic. Author addresses the incomplete and contested nature of hegemony in the Caribbean and raises questions about the relationship between 'vernacular' and 'official' knowledge about the past, whether they always oppose each other or whether there is overlap.

Poor Acceptance of the Past is Related to Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Gozde Cetinkol ◽  
Gulbahar Bastug ◽  
E. Tugba Ozel Kizil
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Ego Integrity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Total Death ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Depression in older adults can be explained by Erikson’s theory on the conflict of ego integrity versus hopelessness. The study investigated the relationship between past acceptance, hopelessness, death anxiety, and depressive symptoms in 100 older (≥50 years) adults. The total Beck Hopelessness (BHS), Geriatric Depression (GDS), and Accepting the Past (ACPAST) subscale scores of the depressed group were higher, while the total Death Anxiety (DAS) and Reminiscing the Past (REM) subscale scores of both groups were similar. A regression analysis revealed that the BHS, DAS, and ACPAST predicted the GDS. Past acceptance seems to be important for ego integrity in older adults.

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

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