scholarly journals Antiulcerogenic Activity of Eight Chromatographic Fractions of Ethyl Acetate Leaf Extracts of Securidaca Longepedunculata Fres. (Polygalaceae) and Luffa Cylindrica (l.) Roem. (Cucurbitaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolanle Azeez Abideen Kayode ◽  
Mubo Adeola Sonibare ◽  
Jones Olanrewaju Moody
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antiulcerogenic Activity ◽  
Securidaca Longepedunculata

Antiulcer Activities of Securidaca longepedunculata Fres. (Polygalaceae) and Luffa cylindrica Linn. (Cucurbitaceae) in Wistar Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
AAA Kayode ◽  
MA Sonibare ◽  
JO Moody
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Securidaca Longepedunculata

Securidaca longepedunculata (SL) and Luffa cylindrica (LC) are medicinal plants commonly used in combination with other recipes in the treatment of many ailments in traditional medicine among the Yoruba ethnic group in Nigeria. In our recent survey, the two plants were among the most frequently mentioned plants for the treatment of gastric ulcer in Ado Odo local government area of Ogun state, Nigeria. This study was designed to examine whether the leaf extracts (methanol, ethylacetate and hexane extracts) of SL and LC possess antiulcer effect in rats. The antiulcer effects of the extracts were assessed using ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model of ulceration in rats. The vehicle, test drug or plant extracts were administered 50 min prior to ulcerogenic procedure. Ulceration was induced in animals with 1 mL absolute ethanol one hour before being sacrificed. Ulcer index, protein content and lipid peroxidation activity of the gastric tissues were determined. The standard antiulcer drug, Cimetidine (50 mg/kg b.w), used as negative control, has percentage protection of 59.4% and the methanol (150 and 300 mg/kg b.w), ethylacetate (150 and 300 mg/kg b.w) and hexane (150 and 300 mg/kg b.w) extracts of SL showed (68.8% and 78.1%) , (93.8% and 87.5%) and (71.9% and 75.0%), protection, respectively. Similarly, the 150 mg/kg b.w ethyl acetate extract of LC gave 78.1% inhibition while the 300 mg/kg ethyl acetate extract revealed 87.5% protection. Further, investigation showed that the extracts increased the protein content in the gastric tissues which suggests an ability to stimulate tissue regeneration. Lipid peroxidation levels were significantly (p<0.05) lowered in the pretreated groups. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that the leaf extracts of SL and LCare possible potent gastro protective and antiulcer agents against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer thus providing evidences that may justify their ethno medicinal uses as antiulcer agentsKeywords: Securidaca longepedunculata, Luffa cylindrica, Ethanol-induced, Ulceration, Gastro Protective

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaf Extracts of Luffa cylindrica

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Felix A. Onyegbule ◽  
Chukwudozie I. Okoye ◽  
Chidimma R. Chukwunwejim ◽  
Blessing O. Umeokoli ◽  
Peter M. Eze
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Introduction: Luffa cylindrica have been used traditionally in the treatment and management of several disease conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of leaf extracts of the plant, and identifying some of its phytoconstituents. Methods: The crude ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and paw-fluid displacement methods, respectively. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity using the agar well diffusion and agar dilution methods. The ethyl acetate leaf extract of the plant was further subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis for the identification of the bioactive compounds. Results: The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of L. cylindrica showed average antioxidant properties at 100 µg/mL, with inhibitions of 53.31% and 54.73% respectively. The ethanol extract displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity at 50 mg/Kg with an inhibition of 31.1% compared to 39.7% recorded for the control (diclofenac). The ethyl acetate extract produced an inhibition of 15%. In the antimicrobial evaluation, the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. Typhi and B. subtilis. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited considerable antimicrobial activity against the test isolates compared to the ethanol extract. HPLC-DAD analysis of the ethyl acetate extract suggested the presence of two flavonoid compounds - luteolin and apigenin as key components of the leaf extract of L. cylindrica. These compounds are known to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the leaf extracts of L. cylindrica possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

In-vitro bactericidal activity of a novel plant source Plumeria pudica against some human and fish pathogenic bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhaisi Das ◽  
Sunanda Burman ◽  
Goutam Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Aldehyde Groups

Background: The only remedy for up surging problem of antibiotic resistance is the discovery of antibacterial agents of natural origin. Objective: The present study was aimed at finding antibacterial potential of crude and solvent extracts of mature leaves of Plumeria pudica. Methods: Antibacterial activity of three different solvent extracts were evaluated in four human and four fish pathogenic bacteria by measuring the zone of inhibition and determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration values. Standard antibiotics were used as positive control. Preliminary phytochemical screening of most effective extract i.e., ethyl acetate extract, Fourier Transform Infra Red analysis and GC-MS analysis of the Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) fraction of ethyl acetate extract were done meticulously. All experiments were done thrice and analyzed statistically. Results: Crude leaf extracts and solvent extracts caused good inhibition of bacterial growth in all selected bacteria. Ethyl acetate extract showed highest inhibition zones in all tested strains with maximum inhibition (19.50±0.29 mm) in Escherichia coli (MTCC 739). MBC/MIC of the extracts indicated that all three solvent extracts were bactericidal. Preliminary phytochemical tests revealed the presence of tannins, steroids and alkaloids and FT-IR analysis revealed presence of many functional groups namely alcoholic, amide, amine salt and aldehyde groups. From the GC-MS analysis of TLC fraction of ethyl acetate extract five different bioactive compounds e.g., 2,4-ditert –butylphenyl 5-hydroxypentanoate, Oxalic acid; allyl nonyl ester, 7,9-Ditert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, Dibutyl phthalate and 2,3,5,8-tetramethyl-decane were identified. Conclusion: Leaf extracts of P. pudica contain bioactive compounds that can be used as broad spectrum bactericidal agent.

Identification of phytoconstituents of Tragia involucrata leaf extracts and evaluate their correlation with anti-inflammatory & antioxidant properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinodhini Velu ◽  
Swagata Banerjee ◽  
Vidya Rajendran ◽  
Gaurav Gupta ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Chellappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Membrane Stabilization ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Aims: The present investigation was aimed at exploring the phytoconstituents using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy and to evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the leaf extracts. Materials and Methods: The extracts were obtained sequentially with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water using soxhlet apparatus. The anti-inflammatory property of the identified compounds using GC- MS spectroscopy was evaluated in silico. The antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH and H2O2 method whereas anti-inflammatory study was carried out by HRBC membrane stabilization method. Terpenoids were found to be major constituents in petroleum ether extract while, phenols and flavonoids were predominantly found in ethyl acetate extract. Results and Discussion: The GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed six major molecules including Squalene, 19β, 28- epoxyleanan-3-ol and 2-tu-Butyl-5-chloromethyl-3-methyl-4-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxylic acid. The ethyl acetate extract showed a significant antioxidant activity (P<0.01) in both DPPH method (70.87 %) and H2O2 method (73.58%) at 200 µg mL-1 . Increased membrane stabilization of petroleum ether extract was observed in the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity study. A strong relationship between the terpenoid content and anti-inflammatory activity was obtained from the correlation (0.971) and docking study. Conclusion: These results justify T. involucrata to be a rich source of terpenoids with potent antiinflammatory property.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity of Acalypha indica leaf extracts in different organic solvents

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chekuri Sudhakar ◽  
Narendar Vankudothu ◽  
Shivaprasad Panjala ◽  
Nirmala Babu Rao ◽  
Roja Rani Anupalli
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Acalypha Indica

The herb <em>Acalypha indica </em>which belongs to Euphorbiaceae family has multiple medicinal properties which include anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, anti-helmintic, anti-cancerous, anti-venom, and neuro-protective activity. The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical, antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activity of <em>Acalypha indica </em>leaves extracts in different solvent extractions like methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. Fresh leaves of the plant were collected and shade dried. Dried leaves were milled to obtain powder. Powder was subjected to soxhlet extraction using solvents and extracts were successively obtained. Phytochemical analysis was conducted following standard methods.  Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of Alkaloids, Phenols, Saponins, Flavanoids and Amino acids. Leaf extract of methonal have shown the highest anti-oxidation capacity than hexane, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. Anti-microbial activity has been performed on microbes like <em>Bacillus sps</em>, <em>E.coli,</em> <em>Psuedomonas sps</em> and <em>Streptococcus sps.</em> A highest value of zone of inhibition was found in methanol extract against <em>E.coli.</em> These results provide evidence that <em>Acalypha indica </em>leaf extract possesses vital phytochemicals, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Hence this plant can be studied further for drug analysis for finding potent medicines for diseases.

IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CYNODON DACTYLON (L.) PERS. LEAF EXTRACTS. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY BY ZONE OF INHIBITION ESTIMATION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (04) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
S. M Pawaskar ◽  
◽  
K. C. Sasangan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity

The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of the successive leaf extracts of Cynodon dactylon in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water, against various gram positive & gram negative bacterial strains using zone of inhibition. Both Agar well diffusion method & Agar disc diffusion method were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. The microorganisms used in the test were – Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerac and Enterobacter aerogenes. Two fungal strains - Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also tested to evaluate the antifungal potential of the said plant extract. The reference antibiotics chloramphenicol & ampicillin (antibacterial); nystatin & clotrimazole and (antifungal) were also tested against these standard microorganisms used in the assay and the results were compared with that of the plant extracts.The results of the study revealed that all the seven successive extracts of the leaf powder of Cynodon dactylon ( L.) Pers. exhibited prominent antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all microorganisms used in the study. The nonpolar extracts i.e. petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and acetone showed the most significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against all tested organisms. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts showing maximum inhibition in the range of 8 mm - 15 mm. This was closely followed by, acetone extract, which showed the inhibition in the range of 9 mm - 13 mm.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of Antiplasmodial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Polyalthia longifolia Leaf Extracts on Plasmodium falciparum Strain NF54

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethel Kwansa-Bentum ◽  
Kojo Agyeman ◽  
Jeffrey Larbi-Akor ◽  
Claudia Anyigba ◽  
Regina Appiah-Opong
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Polyalthia Longifolia

Background. Malaria is one of the most important life-threatening infectious diseases in the tropics. In spite of the effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapy, reports on reduced sensitivity of the parasite to artemisinin in Cambodia and Thailand warrants screening for new potential antimalarial drugs for future use. Ghanaian herbalists claim that Polyalthia longifolia has antimalarial activity. Therefore, antiplasmodial activity, cytotoxic effects, and antioxidant and phytochemical properties of P. longifolia leaf extract were investigated in this study. Methodology/Principal Findings. Aqueous, 70% hydroethanolic and ethyl acetate leaf extracts were prepared using standard procedures. Antiplasmodial activity was assessed in vitro by using chloroquine-sensitive malaria parasite strain NF54. The SYBR® Green and tetrazolium-based calorimetric assays were used to measure parasite growth inhibition and cytotoxicity, respectively, after extract treatment. Total antioxidant activity was evaluated using a free radical scavenging assay. Results obtained showed that extracts protected red blood cells against Plasmodium falciparum mediated damage. Fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were 24.0±1.08 μg/ml, 22.5±0.12 μg/ml, and 9.5±0.69 μg/ml for aqueous, hydroethanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively. Flavonoids, tannins, and saponins were present in the hydroethanolic extract, whereas only the latter was observed in the aqueous extract. Aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts showed stronger antioxidant activities compared to the ethyl acetate extract. Conclusions/Significance. The extracts of P. longifolia have antiplasmodial properties and low toxicities to human red blood cells. The extracts could be developed as useful alternatives to antimalarial drugs. These results support claims of the herbalists that decoctions of P. longifolia are useful antimalarial agents.

Phytochemical screening, safety evaluation, anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies of the leaf extracts of Sterculia tragacantha

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunke M. Mogbojuri ◽  
Adeolu A. Adedapo ◽  
Matthew O. Abatan
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Powdered Material ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract:: Fresh leaves of the plant were collected and dried at room temperature and pulverized into powder form and 200 g of this powder was dissolved first in hexane for 72 h and the extract was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated while the substrate was further dissolved in chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol at different times and similar procedure adopted as for the hexane. The organic solvents were used based on order of increasing polarity. Graded concentrations of the solvent extracts were prepared and used for the study. Pilot toxicity test was carried out to determine safety dose using hematology and serum chemistry as indices of toxicity. Thereafter anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies were conducted using standard tests such as carrageenan, histamine-induced-edema, tail flick test and acetic writhing test. Phytochemical screening of the plant was also conducted.: Phytochemical screening of the powdered material showed that alkaloid, flavonoid and reducing sugar were present while tannin, cardiac glycosides, saponins and anthraquinones were absent. Pilot toxicity test using aqueous extract at 100 mg/mL concentration showed that no mortality was recorded although the animals that received 3,000 mg/kg dose exhibited slight dullness after 48 h. No significant changes were also observed for the packed cell volume, hemoglobin, white blood cell counts, platelet counts, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, globulin except for the 200 and 3,000 mg/kg doses that caused significant increase in the level of total protein. The n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of: The different leaf extracts of

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