scholarly journals Migration Test of Polylactic Acid Packaging that Modified with (Butyl hydroxy toluene) and (Tert butyl hydroxy quinon) Synthetic Antioxidant in Food Simulant

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 552-556
Author(s):  
Hanafi Hanafi ◽  
Nurdiani Nurdiani ◽  
Septilina Melati Sirait ◽  
Dhina Aprilia Nurani Widyahapsari ◽  
Candra Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidant ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Plastic as food packaging can cause environmental and health problem. One solution for this problems is by substitute conventional plastic into biodegradable plastic such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA). To improve the physical and chemical properties of PLA, synthetic antioxidant such as Butyl Hydroxyl Toluene (BHT) and Tert Butyl Hydroxyl Quinon (TBHQ) were added into PLA. The analysis was carried out on the PLA-BHT and PLA-TBHQ packaging and also food simulants before and after storage at different temperature for 10 days. The analysis included visual appearance, antioxidant activity, total phenol and overall migration. Both PLA-BHT and PLA-TBHQ packaging that were incubated at temperature 40°C had larger migration than at 29°C. The antioxidant activity and total phenol of PLA-TBHQ was higher than PLA-BHT and both of them had decreased antioxidant activity and total phenol during storage but the decreased rate at temperature 40°C was higher than at temperature 29°C.

The Use of Metallography for Examination of Causes of Surface Defects on Visual Parts

2017 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Zuzana Andršová ◽  
Pavel Kejzlar
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Visual Defects ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Microscopic Techniques ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Many of currently manufactured components intended for automotive, must not only meet the requirements on functionality, but also considerable demands on the visual appearance. Parts are subjected to thorough inspection and suppliers are forced to deal with causes of a very slight visual defects. When examining the defects, it is necessary to use a whole range of advanced analytical methods and procedures previously used only for identification of the physical and chemical properties and structure of the material. This paper deals with several examples which have been solved. It focuses especially on the use of demanding metallographic sample preparation from components with surface defects, examining the defects on the cross-section using mainly microscopic techniques and determining the causes of their generation. These results then serve as a basis for modification of the technology and thus they are the tool for significant reduction of amount of NOK parts.

Identification of Amber and the Copal under Heat Pressurized Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 2112-2115
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Qin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Exothermic Peak ◽  
Endothermic Peak ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Natural Resin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Artificial Heat ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Amber and copal belong to the natural resin, which are similar and transitional in the physical and chemical properties. The artificial heat-pressurized treatment is contributed to the polymerization of the natural copal, and turns into green, yellow-green and deep orange-yellow copal. It is very difficult to identify amber from the heat- pressurized treatment copal only based on the gemological parameters.The thermal behavior of amber and the copal before and after heat-pressurized treatment were analyzed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). The results show that amber exists an evident endothermic peak around 123~132°C, and copal reveals an obvious endothermic peak at about 174~178°C, and the heat pressurized treatment copal occurs a clear exothermic peak around 150~152°C. The differences between endothermic or exothermic transition and peak position reveal occurring thermal oxidation or the bond breaking or the melting, which are of great significance in the identification.

scholarly journals Cashew Growth and Canopy Dynamics as Influenced by Manuring in a Guinea Savanna Agro-Ecology of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Beatrice Abanum Nduka ◽  
Olorunfemi Sunday Ojo Akanbi ◽  
Idrisu Mohammed ◽  
Seun Adewale Adeosun ◽  
Osasogie Ugioro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Status ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A two-year experiment was conducted to study the response of manuring on growth and canopy development on three-year-old Cashew trees. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. Soil characteristics including the chemical and physical properties were analyzed before and after the experiments. Fecti-plus organic pelletized fertilizer was applied at different rates of 0,750.6 and 1,501.2 kg/ha-1 respectively around the circumference of the tree. Before the application, the fertilizer sample was also analyzed. Data collected were plant height, stem girth, canopy dynamics which includes: Canopy diameter, canopy radius, canopy spread (North-South and East-West directions), canopy volume, canopy ground cover and percentage ground cover. The results from the pre soil sample show a relatively low status but were significantly enhanced after the application of the pelletized organic fertilizer (Ferti-plus). The soil nutrient composition of Oc, Om, N, K, Na, Ca and Mg+ was significantly highest in the plots having 1,501.2 kg/ha-1 treatments. Generally, there was a significant increase in the soil nutrient with the addition of pelletized fertilizer in respective of the rate of application. Also the results on the canopy dynamic in terms of canopy volume, spread and diameter revealed better development with the use of 1501.2 kg/ha-1 pelletized fertilizer and significantly different to 750.6 kg/ha-1 and those in the no-manure (control)plots. Meanwhile, the use of pelletized organic fertilizer gave superior growth and canopy development. It also influenced the growth of the Cashew plants, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the soil status.

scholarly journals Produksi Biofuel Dari Limbah Cpo Dengan Katalis Berbasis Titanium Oksida Dan Implementasinya Pada Pembelajaran Kimia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Nurlia Latifah ◽  
Agus Sundaryono ◽  
Rina Elvia
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Tio2 Catalyst ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Conversion of CPO waste into biofuel is one of the efforts to find alternative energy to overcome Indonesia's energy crisis. The resulting methyl ester was further processed into biofuel by cracking process with Ni/TiO2 and Co/TiO2 catalysts at temperature > 350oC for 2.5 hours followed by distillation. Educational research was done by doing the learning process by using biofuel module. The optimum biofuel yield was obtained from cracking methyl ester with 5% Ni/TiO2 catalyst and 3% Co/TiO2 catalyst respectively of 66,67 and 61,90%. The physical and chemical properties of cracked biofuels with Ni/TiO2 and Co/ TiO2 catalysts have complied with ASTM standards for biofuel except acid numbers. There is an increase in student learning outcomes before and after using the module. 

scholarly journals Compostable Polylactide and Cellulose Based Packaging for Fresh-Cut Cherry Tomatoes: Performance Evaluation and Influence of Sterilization Treatment

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Rapisarda ◽  
Cristina Patanè ◽  
Alessandra Pellegrino ◽  
Angelo Malvuccio ◽  
Valeria Rizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fresh Cut

For food packaging, plastic materials display large appeal, mostly due to their versatility, mechanical, optical and barrier properties. However, they play an important role in environmental concerns and waste management issue. Compostable bioplastics represent alternative materials designed for a lower environmental impact. In this work, a biobased compostable packaging, constituted by polylactide (PLA) trays and NatureFlex™ film, was evaluated for fresh-cut cherry tomato. A comparative analysis was accomplished using traditional packaging materials, that is, polyethylene terephtalate (PET) trays and polypropylene (PP Coex) film. Structural stability under food contact conditions, mechanical and physical-chemical properties were investigated. Tensile mechanical properties, puncture resistance, contact angle (CA) and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), before and after UV or radiofrequency (RF) sterilization treatment, were evaluated. UV irradiation method resulted the less invasive one. Therefore, oxygen and water vapor transmission rate (OTR and WVTR), overall chemical migration test, biodegradation assessment by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) according to ISO 14851 and disintegration test by ISO 20200 were carried out to establish the further influence of UV sterilization on the packaging. Overall, data showed that the biobased compostable packaging for a prolonged shelf-life of fresh-cut cherry tomato has better properties that were surprisingly enhanced by the UV treatment.

The effect of different peroxides on physical and chemical properties of poly(lactic acid) modified with maleic anhydride

Polymer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 121669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita R. Rigolin ◽  
Lidiane C. Costa ◽  
Tiago Venâncio ◽  
Bruno Perlatti ◽  
Sílvia H.P. Bettini
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

scholarly journals Semen characteristics of breeding bulls at the Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm of Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
ME Hossain ◽  
MM Khatun ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
OF Miazi
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The experiment was conducted on 97 breeding bulls at the central cattle breeding and dairy farm, Savar, Dhaka to find out the physical and chemical properties of different bull semen. Out of 97 bulls, 9 were Local (L), 9 were Friesian (F), 13 were Sahiwal (SL), 12 were Local×Friesian (L×F), 10 were Sahiwal×Friesian (SL×F), 26 were Local×Friesian×Friesian (LF1×F), 18 were Local×Friesian× Friesian×Friesian (LF2×F) bulls. The semen of different crossbred and local bulls was examined for ejaculate volume, concentration, pH and motility percent of sperm before and after freezing. It was observed that, the maximum average ejaculate was obtained from SL×F and the mean value was 12.9 ml. However, the minimum average ejaculate was obtained from LF×F and the mean value was 7.4 ml. Before freezing, the maximum average sperm concentration was obtained from SL and the mean value was 1858.4 million/ml. The minimum average sperm concentration was obtained from LF1×F and the mean value was 1286.6 million/ml. The maximum average pH was obtained from LF2×F and the mean value was 6.5. The maximum average motility was obtained from SL and the mean value was 68.8%. However, the minimum average motility was obtained from L×F and the mean value was 63.7%. After freezing, sperm concentration, pH and motility reduced substantially irrespective of type of breed. It could therefore be inferred that freezing of semen should be undertaken with special care to maintain optimum semen quality.http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i1.11968

scholarly journals NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN CONSTRUCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
O.S. BALAN
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Building Product ◽  
The Many ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Problem statement. Cosmetics, clothing, and even food packaging: nanomaterials have invaded our daily lives. The construction and construction sector is no exception, and is undoubtedly one of the largest users of this technology. It is difficult to know if a building product contains nanomaterials. Indeed, unlike certain products, such as cosmetics, food or biocides (insecticides, detergents), no regulations establish special labeling. However, they are very widespread and are used to improve the properties of most materials: cement, plaster, glass, tiles, insulation metals, paints, etc. The benefits of using nanoparticles in construction are huge, promising extraordinary physical and chemical properties for modified building materials. Among the many different types of nanoparticles, titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes, silicon dioxide, copper, clay, and aluminum oxide are the most widely used nanoparticles in the construction sector [1]. The purpose of this article is to analyze the use of nanoparticles in the construction industry to illustrate the benefits of using nanoparticles and address the short − and long-term effects of nanoparticles on the environment and human health in the microcosm of industry, so that the results can be generalized. Results. The use of nanotechnologies in construction and their properties are analyzed. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The problem of using nanothenologies in construction is analyzed.

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