scholarly journals In vitro Antacid Screening of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Ixora Coccinea (Linn). and Mimosa Pudica (Linn.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 2246-2252
Author(s):  
Sharmaine Jesselyn Cua ◽  
Marcelina Lirazan ◽  
Michael Russelle Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Acid Neutralization ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Acid Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Ixora Coccinea

Ixora coccinea L. (santan) and Mimosa pudica L. (makahiya) ethanolic and aqueous extracts were screened for their in vitro antacid potentials using the preliminary antacid test, determination of acid neutralization capacity, acid neutralizing effect, duration of consistent neutralization, and buffering capacity. Phytochemical screening and quantification of alkaloids were also done and the alkaloid content was correlated to the in vitro antacid potentials of the extracts. Among the extracts, the M. pudica aqueous extract gave the best preliminary antacid test result (1.0066±0.0083 pH) and acid neutralization capacity (0.0711±0.0038 mmol H+). Its aqueous extract showed comparable acid neutralizing effect (3.507% acid neutralized) on gastric juice with that of its ethanol extract (3.509% acid neutralized). On the other hand, the I. coccinea aqueous extract had the highest acid buffering capacity (0.0701±0.0020 mmol H+/pH). Both aqueous extracts gave the longest duration of neutralization with 9±1.732 minutes. All the extracts were tested positive for flavonoids, indoles, tannins, anthraquinones, anthrones, and alkaloids, with the I. coccinea aqueous extract having the highest alkaloid content (18.0282±1.2607% w alkaloid/w extract). This study provides the first reported proof of the antacid activities of I. coccinea and M. pudica. Further tests, including mouse model assays, are suggested to determine the efficacy of the extracts in vivo.

scholarly journals Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Chewable Bi-layered Tablets for Treating Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Ankur Vasoya ◽  
Sunil Kumar Shah ◽  
C K Tyagi ◽  
Prabhakar Budholiya ◽  
Harish Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Acid Neutralization ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Acid Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Bilayer Tablets

The purpose of this research work was to formulate raft-forming chewable bilayer tablets of sodium alginate using a raft-forming agent along with gas-generating agents. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation and evaluated for raft strength, acid neutralization capacity, weight variation, % drug content, thickness, hardness, friability and in vitro drug release. Various raft-forming agents were used in preliminary screening. The amount of sodium alginate, amount of calcium carbonate and amount sodium bicarbonate were selected as variables. Raft strength, acid neutralization capacity and drug release at 30 min were selected as responses.Tablets containing sodium alginate were having maximum raft strength as compared with other raft-forming agents. Acid neutralization capacity and in vitro drug release of all factorial batches were found to be satisfactory. Prepared tablets were found to be pharmaceutically equivalent to the marketed product. It was concluded that raft-forming chewable bilayer tablets prepared using an optimum amount of sodium alginate, calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate could be an efficient dosage form in the treatment of gastro oesophageal reflux diseases. Keywords: Chewable bilayer tablet, Sodium alginate, Raft forming agent, Acid Neutralizing capacity

Investigation of the Role of the Alkalizing Agent in Sodium Alginate Liquid Anti-reflux Suspension

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Sangmesh Torne ◽  
A. Sheela ◽  
N.C. Sarada
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Oesophageal Reflux ◽  
Acid Neutralization ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Acid Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Oesophageal Reflux Disease

Background: Anti-reflux formulation is one of the popular formulations across the globe in the pharmaceutical industry used specifically for the management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. But, this formulation is less explored with respect to research. Anti-reflux formulation has challenges to show its antacid functionality, which could have synergies in the management of refluxes in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Alkalizing agents act as antacid and improve the acid neutralization capacity in the anti-reflux formulation, and can be used appropriately as they affect raft strength beyond certain (optimum) limits. Objective: The objective of this work is to investigate the significance of alkalizing agent in sodium alginate based on oral liquid anti-reflux suspension for the management of Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Methods: In the present study, the formulation was prepared using sodium alginate along with different alkalizing agents like calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate at different levels. The formulation was further studied for in-vitro characterization like pH, viscosity, Acid Neutralization Capacity (ANC), thickness, formation speed, flotation, and raft strength. Results: The formulation with a higher level of calcium carbonate as the alkalizing agent showed a positive effect on the acid neutralization capacity (20.83mEq) and raft strength (16.95g) as well. Whereas, the formulation with a higher level of sodium bi-carbonate (4.01%) showed improved acid neutralization (22.31mEq) but showed a negative effect on raft strengths (10.08g). Conclusion: Based on the study, the optimum levels include 5% sodium alginate, 1.6% calcium carbonate and 2.67% sodium bicarbonate to achieve good liquid suspension formulation possessing good acid neutralization capacity as well as raft strength.

scholarly journals The Physico-Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Mg-Rich Synthetic Gypsum Produced in a Rare Earth Refining Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4840
Author(s):  
Fatai Arolu Ayanda ◽  
Mohd Firdaus Mohd Anuar ◽  
Syaharudin Zaibon ◽  
Shamshuddin Jusop
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Acid Neutralization ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Acid Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Refining Plant ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

The physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of the constituents of magnesium-rich synthetic gypsum produced in a rare earth-refining plant located in Gebeng, Pahang, Malaysia was conducted through elemental chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX)-analyzer, thermal analysis, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. The crystalline nature of the by-product was studied using FTIR spectroscopy. Elemental analysis confirmed the presence of Ca and Mg, which are essential macronutrients required by plants and this Ca alongside the high pH (9.17) of MRSG may confer on the material a high acid neutralization capacity. From the result, it was observed that the studied by-product is a heterogeneous crystalline material comprising of gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) and other major components such as calcium (magnesium) compounds (hydroxide, oxide, silicates, and carbonate) and sulfur. These aggregates may contribute to give an acid neutralization capacity to MRSG. The XRD study of MRSG indicated a high content of gypsum (45.4%), shown by the d-spacing of 7.609 Å (2-theta 11.63) in the diffractogram. The infrared absorption spectra of MRSG indicate close similarities to mined gypsum. The results of the characterization indicated that MRSG has valuable properties that can promote its use in amending soil fertility constraints on nutrient-deficient tropical acid soils.

scholarly journals Mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica L. aqueous extract in vitro and in vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 243 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Rosmani Md Zin ◽  
Zahurin Mohamed ◽  
Mohammed A Alshawsh ◽  
Won F Wong ◽  
Normadiah M Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Vitro Assay

Anastatica hierochuntica L. ( A. hierochuntica), a folk medicinal plant, was evaluated for mutagenic potential via in vitro and in vivo assays. The in vitro assay was conducted according to modified Ames test, while the in vivo study was performed according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline for mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Four groups ( n= 5 males and 5 females per group) Sprague Dawley rats were randomly chosen as the negative control, positive control (received a single intramuscular injection of cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg), 1000 and, 2000 mg/kg A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts. All groups except the positive control were treated orally for three days. Findings of the in vitro assay showed mutagenic potential of AHAE at 0.04 and 0.2 mg/ml. However, no mutagenic effect was demonstrated in the in vivo study up to 2000 mg/kg. No significant reduction in the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio was noted in any of the groups. Meanwhile, high micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes frequency was seen in cyclophosphamide-treated group only. These findings could perhaps be due to insufficient dosage of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts to cause genetic damage on the bone marrow target cells. Further acute and chronic in vivo toxicity studies may be required to draw pertinent conclusion on the safety aspect of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts consumption. Impact statement In this paper, we report on the mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica aqueous extract. This is a significant research in view of the popularity of this herb consumption by the people across the globe despite of limited scientific evidence on its toxicity potential. This study is intended to encourage more extensive related research in order to provide sufficient evidence and guidance for determining its safe dosage.

An evaluation of waste gypsum-based precipitated calcium carbonate for acid mine drainage neutralization

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1577-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Zvimba ◽  
J. Mulopo ◽  
L. T. Bologo ◽  
M. Mathye
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Acid Neutralization ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Acid Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Waste Gypsum ◽  
Major Oxide

Precipitated CaCO3 compounds recovered from pulped waste gypsum using some carbonate and hydroxide-based reagents were evaluated for their utilization in acid mine drainage (AMD) neutralization. The neutralization potentials, acid neutralization capacities and compositions of the CaCO3 compounds were determined and compared with some commercial CaCO3. It was observed that CaCO3 recovered from waste gypsum using Na2CO3 significantly neutralized AMD compared with commercial CaCO3 and that recovered using both (NH4)2CO3 or NH4OH-CO2 reagents. Moreover, a higher acid neutralization capacity of 1,370 kg H2SO4/t was determined for CaCO3 recovered from waste gypsum using Na2CO3 compared with an average of 721 and 1,081 kg H2SO4/t for ammonium-based CaCO3 and commercial CaCO3 respectively. The inorganic carbon content for the CaCO3 recovered using Na2CO3 and ammonium-based reagents of 49 and 34% respectively confirmed their observed neutralization potentials and acid neutralization capacities, while energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence suggested absence of major oxide impurities, with the exception of residual SO42− and Na2O which still requires further reduction in the respective compounds.

scholarly journals In VitroEffect of Aqueous Extract and Fraction IV Portion ofXimenia americanaStem Bark onTrypanosoma congolenseDNA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ambrose Maikai ◽  
Beatty Viv Maikai ◽  
Patricia Ishyaku Kobo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
And Control

Trypanosomosis is a debilitating disease affecting mainly livestock and humans in tropical Africa. Chemically synthesized drugs and medicinal plants have been used in the treatment and control of this disease. In this study, thein vitroeffect of aqueous extracts and fraction IV extract ofXimenia americanastem bark onTrypanosoma congolenseDNA was investigated. The extracts were incubated with the parasitesin vitroat 300 mg/mL aqueous extract and 25 mg/mL fraction IV portion for 30, 60, and 120 mins. The DNA of the trypanosomes was isolated and digested using ECOR1 enzyme and subsequently PCR was carried out. Results showed that aqueous extract and fraction IV portion immobilized 55% and 90% of the trypanosomes after 30-minute incubation. Subsequent isolation of the parasite DNA and agarose gel electrophoresis did not reveal that cell death was as a result of DNA fragmentation. This suggests that cell death was by another mechanism of action.

In vitro antifilarial activity of extracts of the medicinal plant Cardiospermum halicacabum against Brugia pahangi

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Khunkitti ◽  
Y. Fujimaki ◽  
Y. Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Brugia Pahangi ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Antifilarial Activity

AbstractThe in vitro effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts of the medicinal plant Cardiospermum halicacabum on adult worms and microfilariae of Brugia pahangi were investigated. With or without the plant extracts in culture medium, the motility of adult worms, microfilariae and microfilarial release from female worms were monitored daily. After 7 days of culture, viability or tissue damage of adult worms was assessed using the MTT assay. At > 500 μg ml-1, the aqueous extract significantly reduced motility of adult females after 24 h of exposure and adult males after 3 days. The aqueous extract, at > 500 μg ml-1, also significantly reduced microfilarial release from female worms, starting on day 2. The reduction in the motility of adult worms and the pattern of microfilarial release from female worms were concentration and time dependent. The MTT assay results revealed that adult worms cultured in the presence of aqueous extracts at > 500 μg ml-1 were damaged. However, the aqueous extract did not affect the motility of microfilariae with the exception of those in higher concentration extracts. Higher concentrations of ethanol extracts (2 mg ml-1) inhibited both the motility of adult worms and the release of microfilariae from females. Little effect of ethanol extracts was detected by the MTT assay, as only slight damage was caused to worms exposed only to the highest concentration (2 mg ml-1). However, ethanol extract at 500 μg ml-1 rapidly reduced the motility of microfilariae on day 2. The present study revealed that an aqueous extract of C. halicacabum has mild but definite direct macrofilaricidal action on B. pahangi.

scholarly journals Acid neutralizing capacity, an important waste management parameter

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Georgiana Cernica ◽  
◽  
Gina Alina Catrina ◽  
Georgeta Madalina Arama ◽  
Agnes Serbanescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Acid Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Acid Neutralization ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Acid Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Successful Method ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity

The paper presents the influence of acid neutralization capacity in industrial waste samples as a decision indicator. For the analysis of the acid neutralization capacity, six samples of wastes from different sectors of activity were subjected. A successful method that can be applied to determine the properties of waste is acidneutralizing capacity. The acid-neutralizing capacity was evaluated with HCl 1 N by neutralizing the excess with NaOH 0.5 N after 15 min stirring. From the results obtained it is found that the acid neutralization capacity can provide essential information for the subsequent management of the waste.

scholarly journals Acid neutralization capacity measurements in surface and ground waters in the Upper River Severn, Plynlimon: from hydrograph splitting to water flow pathways

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Neal ◽  
T. Hill ◽  
S. Hill ◽  
B. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Ephemeral Streams ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Acid Neutralization ◽  
Ephemeral Stream ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Acid Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Flow Pathways

Abstract. Acid Neutralization Capacity (ANC) data for ephemeral stream and shallow groundwater for the catchments of the upper River Severn show a highly heterogeneous system of within-catchment water flow pathways and chemical weathering on scales of less than 100m. Ephemeral streams draining permeable soils seem to be supplied mainly from shallow groundwater sources. For these streams, large systematic differences in pH and alkalinity occur due to the variability of the groundwater sources and variability in water residence times. However, the variability cannot be gauged on the basis of broad based physical information collected in the field as geology, catchment gradients and forest structure are very similar. In contrast, ephemeral streams draining impermeable soils are of more uniform chemistry as surface runoff is mainly supplied from the soil zone. Groundwater ANC varies considerably over space and time. In general, the groundwaters have higher ANCs than the ephemeral streams. This is due to increased chemical weathering from the inorganic materials in the lower soils and groundwater areas and possibly longer residence times. However, during the winter months the groundwater ANCs tend to be at their lowest due to additional event driven acidic soil water contributions and intermediate groundwater residence times. The results indicate the inappropriateness of a blanket approach to classifying stream vulnerability to acidification simply on the basis of soil sensitivity. However, the results may well indicate good news for the environmental management of acidic and acid sensitive systems. For example, they clearly indicate a large potential supply of weathering components within the groundwater zone to reduce or mitigate the acidifying effects of land use change and acidic deposition without the environmental needs for Aiming. Furthermore, the high variability of ephemeral stream runoff means that certain areas of catchments where there are specific problems associated with acidification can be identified for focused remediation work for the situation where liming is required. The case for focused field campaigns and caution against over reliance on blanket modelling approaches is suggested. The results negate the conventional generalizations within hydrology of how water moves through catchments to generate streamflow events (from Hortonian overland flow to catchment contributing areas).

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