scholarly journals Liquid Biofuel Production from Palm Oil Using Dual-Function of Zn/HZSM-5 Catalyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 2257-2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pakpoom Sangdara ◽  
Maliwan Subsadsana ◽  
Chalerm Ruangviriyachai
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Liquid Biofuel

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Vetiver System Technology for Improving the Quality of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negisa Darajeh ◽  
Azni Idris ◽  
Paul Truong ◽  
Astimar Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rosenani Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
System Technology ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Control Sets ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil mill effluent (POME), a pollutant produced by the palm oil industry, was treated by the Vetiver system technology (VST). This technology was applied for the first time to treat POME in order to decrease biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this study, two different concentrations of POME (low and high) were treated with Vetiver plants for 2 weeks. The results showed that Vetiver was able to reduce the BOD up to 90% in low concentration POME and 60% in high concentration POME, while control sets (without plant) only was able to reduce 15% of BOD. The COD reduction was 94% in low concentration POME and 39% in high concentration POME, while control just shows reduction of 12%. Morphologically, maximum root and shoot lengths were 70 cm, the number of tillers and leaves was 344 and 86, and biomass production was 4.1 kg m−2. These results showed that VST was effective in reducing BOD and COD in POME. The treatment in low concentration was superior to the high concentration. Furthermore, biomass of plant can be considered as a promising raw material for biofuel production while high amount of biomass was generated in low concentration of POME.

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass Feedstocks for Biofuel Production

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desikan Ramesh ◽  
Iniya Kumar Muniraj ◽  
Kiruthika Thangavelu ◽  
Subburamu Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Renewable Fuels ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Biomass Feedstocks ◽  
Platform Chemical ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Liquid Biofuel ◽  
Lignocellulosic Pretreatment

The shifting of dependence from conventional fuels to renewable fuels and its increased production to combat the energy, environmental, and geopolitical crises is a global concern. One of the viable and promising alternatives is liquid biofuel production using lignocellulosic biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass being the most abundant encompass cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.The intricate complex of hemicellulose and lignin around cellulose is the bottleneck in commercializing the biofuel process. To make the cellulose and hemicellulose more accessible for hydrolysis and valorise the underutilized lignin for platform chemical production, pretreatment becomes imperative. Various pretreatment methods such as physical, mechanical, chemical, biological, and enzymatic and their combinations are employed for the production of bioethanol. It should be stressed that each pretreatment is unique in its condition and in most cases are biomass specific. With the above view, this chapter aims at bringing out the understanding of lignocellulosic pretreatment with updated information in the field.

scholarly journals Properties and Characteristics of Compressed Biofuel Production from Empty Palm Fruit Bunches

2019 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Tanuwat Larptansuphaphol ◽  
Penja Jitjumroonchokchai
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Composition Ratios

Thailand sits in the third place of the global rankings for crude palm oil production with an annual output of approximately 2 million tons/p.a., or 1.2% of the global output. Empty palm fruit bunches is one of residual from palm oil extraction process of Palm Oil industry. The objective of this research was to study properties and characteristics of biofuel made from empty fruit bunches and mixed with black rice hush with various composition ratios of empty palm fruit bunches and black rice husk as 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. Only the biofuels with a ratio of 100:0 and 90:10 could be formed to be compressed biofuels. The heating values of biofuels were analyzed by Gallenkamp Autobomb Calorimeter whereas other fuel properties and characteristics were tested and analyzed according to ASTM standards. The comparison results between biofuel from a mixture ratio 100:0 and 90:10 showed that the average of heating value, ash content, carbon content and combustion time (minute per one piece) were 4,672.46 and 4,199.33 cal/g, 21.73% and 29.30%, 12.07% and 16.28%, 92.33 and 63 minutes, respectively.

A Comparative Study of Biofuel and Fossil Fuel: A Case Study of Palm Oil and Crude Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
J.N. Ugbebor ◽  
E.A. Membere ◽  
O.J. Joel
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Pollution Effects

The cost benefit analysis and environmental pollution effects of biofuel (palm oil) and fossil fuel (crude oil) was studied. The study methodology included extensive literature review on relevant publications and laboratory analysis. Important parameters required for emission production and combustion such as CO, CH4, NOx, PM10, SOX and CO2 were analyzed. The combined total of emission production and combustion results indicated that biofuel and fossil fuel have 3.92 and 6.40 of CO; 0.98 and 1.05 of CH4; 25.23 and 27.54 of NOx, 0.00 and 0.67 of SOx, and 657 and 3564 of CO2 respectively. Other parameters considered in this study include fuel efficiency, environmental performance, cost benefits analysis and sustainability. From environmental performance comparison, the study indicated that 100% biofuel will cause reduction in greenhouse gases and other polluting emissions. It also indicated that use of palm oil as biofuel may have less impact on human health. The research concludes that raw materials for biofuel production can be readily cultivated in Nigeria, particularly in the South-East and South-South and its usage will compliment the use of fossil energy and greatly reduced environmental impact of fossil fuel.

Comparison of various microalgae liquid biofuel production pathways based on energetic, economic and environmental criteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Delrue ◽  
Y. Li-Beisson ◽  
P.-A. Setier ◽  
C. Sahut ◽  
A. Roubaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Liquid Biofuel
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