scholarly journals C orrosion Studies on Tinned Iron Plates From Infant Food Cans

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Anima Upadhyay ◽  
M Chandrakala
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Aggressive Environment ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
Iron Material ◽  
Strong Acids

The corrosion on smooth tinned iron material has been studied in different media. Solutions of sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and salt solutions of ammonium chloride and sodium chloride were prepared to investigate the corrosion on the metal plates. The plates was immersed in the solutions for a period of time same for all the solutions in order to determine the most aggressive environment. Weight loss technique was adopted to study the rate of corrosion. The result reveals that the material got corroded in this order sulphuric acid > hydrochloric acid > acetic acid > ammonium chloride > sodium chloride. It was therefore concluded that the rate of corrosion was high in strong acids compared to the weak acids and salts.

Vibration-spectral studies of compounds formed by the combination of methylformamide and dimethylformamide with some strong acids

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Spinner
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Ionic Form ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Strong Acids

A determination of the infrared spectra of the solid hydrochlorides of methylformamide and dimethylformamide and of the Raman spectra of their aqueous solutions showed that certain spectral features change with the medium used. The infrared spectra of the two amides in concentrated and in aqueous sulphuric acid, and in concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl and DCl), are consistent with the existence of two amide/acid reaction products for each amide: one (certainly ionic) form predominates in sulphuric acid solutions; a second form, of unknown structure, is present in the solid hydrochlorides, and in hydrochloric acid the two forms coexist in equilibrium.

Pyrimidine Derivatives and Related Compounds, VII Synthesis of Some New Pyrazolo [1,5-a] -S-triazines, Pyrazolo [3,4-c] -as-triazines, Pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidines and Pyrazolo [3,4-b] pyrones

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hilmy Elnagdi ◽  
Ezzat Mohamed Zayed ◽  
Ezzat Mohamed Kandeel ◽  
Sherif Mahmoud Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Ethoxide ◽  
Ethyl Acrylate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Pyrimidine Derivatives ◽  
Triazine Derivative ◽  
Related Compounds

3-Amino-4-phenylhydrazono-2-pyrazolin-5-one (1) reacts with isothiocyanate to yield the corresponding pyrazolylthiourea derivatives (2 a-c). Whereas 2 a reacted with hydrazines to yield the pyrazolylamino-1,2,4-triazoles (3 a, b), it cyclised into the pyrazolo-[3,4-e]-as-triazine derivative (4) upon treatment with concentrated sulphuric acid. On the other hand, the pyrazolo[1,5-c]-S-triazine derivative (5) was formed from reaction of 2a with ethanolic sodium ethoxide.3-Amino-2-pyrazolin-5-one (8) reacted with ethyl acrylate to yield a mixture of the 4-dialkylated derivative (9) and the pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrone (11). Compound 11 could be converted into the corresponding pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrones (12) and (13) by the action of acetic acid hydrochloric acid mixture and of concentrated sulphuric acid, respectively.

Magnesium Removal from TiC-TiB2 SHS-Powders by Controlled Hot Acid Leaching

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 594-598
Author(s):  
Francisco Delmas ◽  
Lucinda Gonçalves ◽  
Isabel M. Martins ◽  
Manuela Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
General Field ◽  
High Matrix ◽  
Magnesium Removal

TiC and TiC–TiB2 powder mixtures obtained directly from titanium (TiO2) and boron (B2O3 or B4C) raw-materials by reduction with magnesium by self propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) contain, as impurity, large quantities of MgO under its periclase form, together in some cases with unreacted magnesium. Several leaching agents, namely hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, acetic acid and EDTA were tested aiming at removal of magnesium from these powders as required characteristic for further work. Several parameters as leachant concentration, pH, reaction time and temperature were evaluated. Alternative leaching methodologies were compared in order to achieve magnesium removal yields over 98% and minimising at the same time the expected high matrix losses due to TiC and/or TiB2 co-solubilisation. As main conclusion it was established that strong hydrochloric acid (6M) is the most efficient medium to remove magnesium from these particular TiC-TiB2 SHS mixtures. The leaching methodology used (controlled hot acid leaching under close conditions) allowed to minimise TiC and TiB2 solubilisation losses. Sulphuric acid is not an effective leaching medium and contaminates the resulting powder mixture with unfriendly sulphur. Using acetic acid, magnesium removal yield is low and titanium losses are considerable. On the other hand, low aggressive EDTA complexant leaves TiC-TiB2 matrix unalterable but residual MgO remains over 6%. The proposed process seems to have potential for application in the general field of semi-micro materials purification.

scholarly journals Corrosion, Passivity and Pitting of Inconel (600) in Sulphuric Acid

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Passive Transition ◽  
Current Densities

A potentiostatic study of the behaviour of Inconel (600) in molar sulphuric acid has been carried out over the temperature range 293-313 K. Values have been established for the potentials and current densities of the corrosion, active-passive transition, passivity and transpassive states. For corrosion, the current density (ic) and potential (Ec) have been determined from well-defined Tafel lines. The potential and current density prior to the commencement of passivity have been obtained corresponding respectively to the critical potential (Ecr( and to the current density (icr) for the active-passive transition state. The passive range was defined by the respective potentials and current densities for passive film formation and dissolution. The dissolution point was correlated with transpassive potential (Et) and current density (it). All the estimated potentials and current densities for the various states were influenced by temperature and the presence of additives in the sulphuric acid. Additives such as nitric acid, thiourea and sodium chloride lowered the corrosion current density (ic) of the alloy while hydrochloric acid enhanced the value of ic. Addition of thiourea or sodium chloride or hydrochloric acid caused a shift in the corrosion potential (Ec) to less negative values while nitric acid shifted Ec to more negative potentials. The kinetic effect of the additives have been studies. Values of activation energy (E) were considered to be apparent and some negative values of E have been obtained with certain additives for the critical and passivity processes. Such negative E values were attributed to small values of true energies of activation together with relatively large exothermic enthalpies of such processes.

X-Ray Spectrometry in the Clinical Laboratory

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Natelson ◽  
Bertrum Sheid ◽  
Donald R Leighton
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Calculated Amount

Abstract A procedure is described for estimating the bromide content of human serum from individuals not receiving bromide medication. In the procedure, the serum is ashed and dissolved in hydrochloric acid. The solution is dehydrated with the calculated amount of acetic anhydride and the precipitated sodium chloride is washed with additional glacial acetic acid to remove the bromides. The sodium chloride is removed by centrifugation and the bromides recovered by evaporation of the acetic acid. The residue is dissolved in methanol and transferred to filter paper for assay in the X-ray spectrometer. The procedure, with the omission of ashing, is applicable to sea water. When it was applied to sea water, strontium as well as bromide could be visualized on the recorder of the instrument and assayed. Normal human serum was found to contain a mean level of 252 µg. bromide per 100ml., with a range (2σ) of ± 42 µg./100 ml.

Study on Defluorination Effect of Antarctic Krill by Chemical Treatments

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 1151-1156
Author(s):  
Xian Na Liu ◽  
Shun Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Reduction Effect

Decreasing effects of fluoride contents in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) as affected by chemical treatments with and without heating were investigated. The used chemicals were Na2SO3, citric acid, acetic acid, HCl, betaine, sodium chloride. Fluoride contents per dry weight were 1138±1 mg/kg in the whole body of krill (WBK) and 333±2 mg/kg in the peeled krill meat (PKM) respectively. When WBK was treated with chemicals with and without heating, Decreasing effects of fluoride contents is not significant. The effect of defluorination by chemical treatments with heating is more significant than without heating. Particularly, the treatment of betaine without heating showed the best reduction effect of 48±9mg/kg and the highest defluorination efficiency of 85.59%, followed by citric acid (52±11mg/kg,84.38%), acetic acid (55±6mg/kg,83.48%) and hydrochloric acid (62±5mg/kg,81.38%).

Wet-Etching Characteristics of SiCN Films Deposited by HWCVD Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
H. Nakanishi ◽  
T. Ogata ◽  
Y. Kadotani ◽  
Akira Izumi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Wet Etching ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Acid Etch

We investigated the wet-etching properties of SiCN films using chemical agents. Our results show that sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid etch SiCN films, while hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, ammonium chloride and sodium chloride cannot etch SiCN films.

Preparation of Three Modified Natural Zeolite Powders and Antibacterial Properties of Antibacterial Paper Prepared Using them as Fillers

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 1227-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yuan ◽  
Xue Ren Qian
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Loading Amount ◽  
Strong Acids

Natural zeolite powders, 600 meshes in size, were pretreated with three strong acids , then reacted with sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, respectively, and yielded sodium zeolite. The samples were loaded Ag++Zn2+, Ag++Cu2+, Zn2++Cu2+, and Ag++Cu2++Zn2+ ions through ion exchange to prepare the antibacterial zeolite powders. The powders were tested by MIC, SEM/EDXA and XRD. The results demonstrated that the pretreatment of zeolite powder with nitric acid could achieve a larger loading amount of metal ions compared to hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and the samples loaded with Ag++Zn2+, Ag++Cu2+,Ag++Cu2++Zn2+ could attain excellent antibacterial properties with an MIC of 8 μg/ml to S. aureus Adding 5% of the aforementioned antibacterial zeolite powders to paper as filler resulted in an impressive antibacterial effect against S. aureus, as the inhibitory rate could reach to almost 100% in 1 h.

DO WEAK OR STRONG ACIDS REMOVE CARBONATE CONTAMINATION FROM ANCIENT TOOTH ENAMEL MORE EFFECTIVELY? THE EFFECT OF ACID PRETREATMENT ON RADIOCARBON AND δ13C ANALYSES

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Rachel Wood ◽  
Andre Barros Curado Fleury ◽  
Stewart Fallon ◽  
Thi Mai Huong Nguyen ◽  
Anh Tuan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Skeletal Material ◽  
Lower Porosity ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Strong Acids

ABSTRACT In hot environments, collagen, which is normally targeted when radiocarbon (14C) dating bone, rapidly degrades. With little other skeletal material suitable for 14C dating, it can be impossible to obtain dates directly on skeletal materials. A small amount of carbonate occurs in hydroxyapatite, the mineral phase of bone and tooth enamel, and has been used as an alternative to collagen. Unfortunately, the mineral phase is often heavily contaminated with exogenous carbonate causing 14C dates to underestimate the true age of a sample. Although tooth enamel, with its larger, more stable crystals and lower porosity, is likely to be more robust to diagenesis than bone, little work has been undertaken to investigate how exogenous carbonate can be effectively removed prior to 14C dating. Typically, acid is used to dissolve calcite and etch the surface of the enamel, but it is unclear which acid is most effective. This study repeats and extends earlier work using a wider range of samples and acids and chelating agents (hydrochloric, lactic, acetic and propionic acids, and EDTA). We find that weaker acids remove carbonate contaminants more effectively than stronger acids, and acetic acid is the most effective. However, accurate dates cannot always be obtained.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document