scholarly journals To Study Demographics as Risk Factor for Mortality Associated with COVID-19 : A retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1519-1523
Author(s):  
Amandeep Singh Bakshi ◽  
Neetu Sharma ◽  
Jasbir Singh ◽  
Sandeep Batish ◽  
Vijay Sehga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

Objectives : Novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 has emerged as a pandemic, claiming over 1,431,513 lives ( till Nov. 27,2020 ) worldwide involving 191 countries . The objective of the study is to evaluate age and gender as a risk factor for COVID -19 related mortality . Material and Methods : It is a retrospective cohort study , where the database of indoor COVID-19 positive patients was assessed for the study. Evaluation of the role of age and gender in mortality of COVID infection by comparing dataset of 2,142 indoor COVID positive patients with two outcome groups namely ,death and discharged groups was done. Results: The age comparison between two groups namely, death and discharged groups showed a median age of 60 years (IQR 50-70) for patients who died and 52 years (IQR 36–62) for the patients who recovered from COVID (p value-<0.001). There were 9 (0.65%) pediatric patients (<12 yrs) in the group of patients who recovered .For gender analysis (n=2129), COVID patients who died were 32.5%( n=692) ,out of which 63.6%(n=440) were males and 36.4%(n=252) were females. COVID positive patients in discharged group were 67.5%(n=1437),out of which 61.2%(n=880) were males and 38.8%(n=557) were females. There was no statistical difference between the two groups for mortality risk based on gender for COVID -19 infection (chi square value of 1.09, p value=.296) and the relative risk of death in males and females who died of COVID was 1.052 (95% CI=0.92-1.204). Conclusion: COVID-19 infection is showing predilection for male gender in both death and discharged group but the males and females are equally susceptible to the risk of death .

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Drug Resistance Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study at King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Sumyia Mehrin M. D. Abulkalam ◽  
Mai Kadi ◽  
Mahmoud A. Gaddoury ◽  
Wallaa Khalid Albishi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Baseline Characteristic ◽  
Drug Resistant

Background: The association between tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is re-emerging with the epidemic of type II diabetes. Both TB and DM were of the top 10 causes of death.[1] This study explores diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for developing the different antitubercular drug-resistant (DR) patterns among TB patients.  Methods: A retrospective cohort study has been conducted on all TB cases reported to the King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, between January 2012 to January 2021. All culture-confirmed and PCR-positive TB cases were included in this study. Categorical baseline characteristic of TB patient has been compared with DM status by using Fisher's exact and Pearson chi-square test. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between DM and different drug resistance patterns.  Results: Of the total 695 diagnosed TB patients, 92 (13.24%) are resistant to 1st line anti TB drugs. Among 92 DR-TB patients, 36 (39.13%) are diabetic. The percentage of different patterns of DR-TB with DM, in the case of mono DR (12.09%), poly DR (4.19%) MDR (0.547%). As a risk factor, DM has a significant association with DR-TB, mono drug-resistant, and pyrazinamide-resistant TB (P-value <0.05). The MDR and PDR separately do not show any significant association with DM, but for further analysis, it shows a significant association with DM when we combined.  Conclusion: Our study identified diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for developing DR-TB. Better management of DM and TB infection caring programs among DM patients might improve TB control and prevent DR-TB development in KSA.

scholarly journals Vertebral fracture as risk factors for self-harm: A retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Prior ◽  
Fay Crawford-Manning ◽  
Rebecca Whittle ◽  
Alyshah Abdul-Sultan ◽  
Carolyn Chew-Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender

Abstract BackgroundThe prevention of self-harm is an international public health priority, It is vital to identify at-risk populations, particularly as self-harm is a risk factor for suicide. This study aims to examine the risk of self-harm in people with vertebral fractures Methods Retrospective cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Patients with vertebral fracture were identified and matched to patients without fracture by age and gender. Incident self-harm was defined by medical record codes following vertebral fracture. Overall incidence rates (per 10,000 person-years (PY)) were reported. Cox regression analysis determined risk (hazard ratios (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI)) of self-harm compared to the matched unexposed cohort. Initial crude analysis was subsequently adjusted and stratified by age and gender. ResultsThe number of cases of vertebral fracture was 16,293, with a matched unexposed cohort of the same size. Patients were predominantly female (70.1%), mean age was 74 years. Overall incidence of self-harm in the cohort with vertebral fracture was 12.2 (10.1, 14.8) /10,000 PY. There was an initial crude association between vertebral fracture and self-harm, which remained after adjustment (HR 2.4 (95%CI 1.5, 3.6).Greatest risk of self-harm was found in those with vertebral fractures who were younger (3.2(1.8, 5.7)) and male (3.9(1.8, 8.5)). ConclusionsPrimary care patients with vertebral fracture are at increased risk of self-harm compared to people without these fractures. Younger, male patients appear to be at greatest risk of self-harm. Clinicians need to be aware of the potential for self-harm in this patient group.

Effects of smoking severity and moderate and severe periodontitis on serum C-reactive protein levels: an age- and gender-matched retrospective cohort study

Biomarkers ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Azizi ◽  
Fatemeh Sarlati ◽  
Mohsen Bidi ◽  
Leila Mansouri ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Azaminejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
And Gender

Nonunion Rates in Hind- and Midfoot Arthrodesis in Current, Ex-, and Nonsmokers

2020 ◽  
pp. 107110072097126
Author(s):  
Jack Allport ◽  
Jayasree Ramaskandhan ◽  
Malik S. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factor ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Nonunion rates in hind or midfoot arthrodesis have been reported as high as 41%. The most notable and readily modifiable risk factor that has been identified is smoking. In 2018, 14.4% of the UK population were active smokers. We examined the effect of smoking status on union rates for a large cohort of patients undergoing hind- or midfoot arthrodesis. Methods: In total, 381 consecutive primary joint arthrodeses were identified from a single surgeon’s logbook (analysis performed on a per joint basis, with a triple fusion reported as 3 separate joints). Patients were divided based on self-reported smoking status. Primary outcome was clinical union. Delayed union, infection, and the need for ultrasound bone stimulation were secondary outcomes. Results: Smoking prevalence was 14.0%, and 32.2% were ex-smokers. Groups were comparable for sex, diabetes, and body mass index. Smokers were younger and had fewer comorbidities. Nonunion rates were higher in smokers (relative risk, 5.81; 95% CI, 2.54-13.29; P < .001) with no statistically significant difference between ex-smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers had higher rates of infection ( P = .05) and bone stimulator use ( P < .001). Among smokers, there was a trend toward slower union with heavier smoking ( P = .004). Conclusion: This large retrospective cohort study confirmed previous evidence that smoking has a considerable negative effect on union in arthrodesis. The 5.81 relative risk in a modifiable risk factor is extremely high. Arthrodesis surgery should be undertaken with extreme caution in smokers. Our study shows that after cessation of smoking, the risk returns to normal, but we were unable to quantify the time frame. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

Abstract P609: Restarting Anticoagulant Therapy After Intracranial Hemorrhage With Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hoon Shin ◽  
Jaehun Jung ◽  
Gi Hwan Bae
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Hemorrhagic Events ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Severe Hemorrhage

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) should be treated with anticoagulants to prevent stroke and systemic embolism. Resuming anticoagulation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses a clinical conundrum. The absence of evidence-based guidelines to address this issue has led to wide variations in restarting anticoagulation after ICH. This study aimed to evaluate the risks and benefits of anticoagulation therapy on all-cause mortality, severe thromboembolism, and severe hemorrhage and compare the effect of novel direct oral anticoagulants (NOACs) with warfarin on post-ICH mortality in patients with AF. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed using health insurance claim data obtained between 2002 and 2017 from individuals with newly developed ICH with comorbid AF. We excluded participants aged < 40 years and those with traumatic ICH, subdural hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoints were severe thrombotic and hemorrhagic events. Anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and non-users were analyzed for survival with propensity score matching. Results: Among 6735 participants, 1743 (25.9%) and 1690 (25.1%) used anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, respectively. Anticoagulant (HR, 0.321; 95% CI, 0.264-0.390; P < 0.0001) or antiplatelet users (HR, 0.393; 95% CI, 0.330-0.468; P < 0.0001) had a lower risk of all-cause mortality than non-users. However, there was no difference between the two drug users (HR, 1.183; 95% CI, 0.94-1.487; P = 0.152; reference: anticoagulant). The risk of acute thrombotic events, although not hemorrhagic events, was significantly lower in anticoagulant users than in antiplatelet users. In addition, anticoagulation between 6 to 8 weeks post-ICH showed a tendency of the lowest risk of death. Further, NOACs were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality than warfarin. Conclusions: Our results showed that in patients with AF, resuming anticoagulants between 6 and 8 weeks after ICH improved all-cause mortality, severe thromboembolism, and severe hemorrhage. Further, compared with warfarin, NOAC had additional benefits.

scholarly journals Obesity as a Risk Factor for Prostatic Enlargement: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hung Jung ◽  
Song Vogue Ahn ◽  
Jae Mann Song ◽  
Se-Jin Chang ◽  
Kwang Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Prostatic Enlargement
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document