scholarly journals Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Selenium and Alpha-tocopherol in Mouse Models of Pain Induced with Fluoride Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1415-1425
Author(s):  
N Chandra Shakar Reddy ◽  
K Pratap Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Fluoride is an ineluctable environmental pollutant and its chronic exposure causes nociception and inflammation. Alpha-tocopherol and Selenium (Se) are widely available compounds that are safe if taken in moderation and exert a wide range of antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. This study examined the protective activity of dietary supplements, alpha-tocopherol (2 mg/kg BW) and Selenium (05 µg/kg BW), by using thermal (Hot plate test, Tail-flick test), chemical (writhing test, formalin test) and neuropathic (allodynia test) tests in fluoride (20mg/kg BW) induced pain models. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity was also assessed with paw oedema assay. The obtained data suggest that hyperalgesia in fluoride exposure group was significantly (p<0.05) exhibited in hot plate, tail flick, writhing response, formalin and allodynia tests. Moreover, inflammation in fluoride exposure group was also significantly (p<0.05) increased in paw oedema tests in comparison with the control group. The combined administration of Se and alpha-tocopherol significantly (p<0.05) increased response latency in hot plate and tail flick tests, reduced writhing responses in the writhing test, increased withdrawal duration in allodynia test, inhibited formalin induced pain response in both phases but it was more pronounced in the second phase and attenuated formalin induced paw oedema in comparison with independent treatment of Se and alpha-tocopherol against NaF suggesting their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. These findings conclude the synergistic effects of selenium and alpha-tocopherol against fluoride induced nociception and inflammation.

scholarly journals Preliminary assessment of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of methanol leaf extract of Cussonia barteri (Araliaceae) in rodents

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Ighodaro Igbe ◽  
Osaze Edosuyi ◽  
Agbonlahor Okhuarobo ◽  
Adarki Pongri ◽  
Nkechi Maduako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ear Oedema

Summary Introduction: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important vegetable crop in Syria. Potato tuber moth Cussonia barteri is a small tree that grows in the sub-Saharan part of Africa. Various parts of the plant are used for the treatment of a variety of ailments in ethno-medicine. Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of the methanol leaf extract of Cussonia barteri. Material and methods: The leaves were air-dried, powdered and repeatedly extracted with methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus. The resulting methanol extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw oedema, xylene-induced ear oedema and formalin-induced arthritis tests. Analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid-induced mouse writhing, hot plate and tail flick tests. Results: All doses of the extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced carrageenan-induced paw oedema, however the 400 mg/kg dose gave a sustained effect. The extract significantly inhibited xylene induced ear oedema at all doses. There were no significant (p>0.05) reductions in paw swellings due to formalin. In the acetic acid induced writhing test, the extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased writhing at 400 mg/kg only. Reaction times were not significantly different from the control in the hot plate and tail flick tests. Conclusion: This study has shown that the methanol extract possesses acute anti-inflammatory and peripherally mediated analgesic effects.

scholarly journals Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and GC-MS Studies onCastanospermum australeA. Cunn. & C. FraserexHook.

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thankarajan Sajeesh ◽  
Thangaraj Parimelazhagan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties ofCastanospermum australeand to profile phytochemicals by GC-MS. The ethanolic extracts were prepared by successive solvent extraction using Soxhlet apparatus. The analgesic activity was analyzed by hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing test whereas anti-inflammatory study was done by carrageenan induced paw oedema model. The acute toxicity study revealed that ethanol extracts of leaf and bark ofC. australewere safe even at a higher dose of 2000 mg/kg whereas ethanol extract of seed was toxic at the same dose. In both hot plate method (5.85 s) and acetic acid-induced writhing test (57%), the leaf ethanol extract exhibited significant analgesic activity (P<0.001) at a dose of 400 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract was exhibited by the reduction in paw linear diameter by 64.76% at 400 mg/kg in carrageenan induced paw oedema. The GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract of leaf revealed sixteen major compounds of which 1,7-dimethyl-4,10-dioxa-1,7-diazacyclododecane, (+)-N-methylephedrine, and permethylspermine were found to be pharmaceutically and the most important. These findings justify thatC. australecan be a valuable natural analgesic and anti-inflammatory source which seemed to provide potential phytotherapeutics against various ailments.

Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of stem bark extract of Ficus capensis Thunb (Moraceae) by bioactivity fractionation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayemi K Wakeel ◽  
Abraham Ifedayo Abe ◽  
Babajide Oluropo Awosan ◽  
M.K Olapade ◽  
T.J Olatoyan-Layonu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formalin Test ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Nociceptive Pathway ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: This study investigated the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of Ficus capensis (AEFC) by bio-guided fractionation. Methods: The anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of AEFC (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg, i.p) were assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, tail-flick, formalin tests, and carrageenan-induced paw oedema respectively. The AEFC was fractionated base on polarity different into butanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions. The fractions (500 mg/kg) obtained were subjected to the same experimental procedures mentioned above. The EAF, which exerted the most productive activities, was further subjected to fractionation procedures that yielded six fractions (labeled CF1-CF6). These fractions (200 mg/kg) were tested for potential anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Notable antagonists (Naloxone and atropine) of nociceptive pathway were used to evaluate the mechanism of the anti-nociceptive action of F. capensis. Results and Discussion: The AEFC, BF, EAF, and CF4 caused a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the number of abdominal writhes, an increase in reaction time against the hot plate, tail-flick tests, and a significant (p<0.05) inhibition in both phases of formalin test. The AEFC, BF, EAF, CF4, and CF6 caused a significant (p<0.05) inhibition of paw oedema development due to carrageenan. Atropine significantly reversed the anti-nociceptive effect of CF4 in both phases of the formalin test. The result obtained revealed that CF4 produced central and peripheral anti-nociceptive effects, while CF6 is peripherally mediated. Conclusion: The results support the traditional uses of F. capensis in the treatment of various diseases associated with pain and inflammation. The column fraction CF4 exhibited muscarinic receptor-mediated anti-nociceptive activity.

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of methanol extract of red cultivar Allium cepa bulbs in rats and mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeoye Joshua Oyewusi ◽  
Olayinka Ayotunde Oridupa ◽  
Adebowale Bernard Saba ◽  
Ibironke Kofoworola Oyewusi ◽  
Jonny Olufemi Olukunle
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Inflammatory Models ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Objectives Several cultivars of Allium cepa L. have been studied for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities but there is inadequate information on such biological activities of the concentrated extracts of the Nigerian grown red cultivar A. cepa bulb. Methods The anti-inflammatory models used in this study were Carrageenan-induced paw oedema and formalin-induced paw lick in rats, while acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, hot plate reaction, hot water tail flick tests in mice were the analgesic models. Results At 30 min post-induction (pi), the inhibition of paw oedema (62.50%) by 200 mg/kg of methanol extract of red cultivar A. cepa bulb (MERCACB) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of indomethacin (15.63%) at 10 mg/kg. The paw oedema inhibition at 60 min pi by MERCACB (76.92%) was significantly higher than that of indomethacin (41.03%). At the early phase of formalin paw-lick test, the pain reaction time (PRT) of rat treated with MERCACB (400 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of indomethacin and the control groups. The hotplate test revealed that PRT of mice treated with 800 mg/kg of MERCACB were significantly (p<0.01) longer in comparism to indomethacin and control groups. The PRT of mice subjected to thermal pain due to hot water and treated with 800 mg/kg of MERCACB was significantly (p<0.05) longer than that of the control group. Conclusions These findings indicate that MERCACB possesses potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties which confirm the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and may be useful as a future therapeutic agent.

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic activity of the methanol extract from the galls of Quercus infectoria alone and as an adjuvant in wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Abishek P. Raichurkar ◽  
Shashikala Gowdara Hanumanth Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Quercus Infectoria

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids are the most preferred drugs for pain relief. Considering the gastrointestinal toxicity, dependence and other side effects, search for better analgesic drug continues. Quercus infectoria (QI) is from the family Fagaceae. The galls of QI are comprised of tannin (36 to 60%), gallic acid, ellagic acid, and syringic acid. They possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic properties. In India, galls of QI have been used for the treatment of toothache, diarrhoea, sore throat and inflammatory diseases as a home remedy. This study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic activity of methanolic extract of galls of QI on wistar rats using tail-flick and Eddy’s hot-plate methods. The objective of the study was to evaluate the analgesic activity of methanolic extract of galls of QI alone and as an adjuvant with tramadol on Wistar rats.Methods: Total of 24 wistar rats were included in the study and divided into 4 groups. They received drugs intra-peritoneally as follows. In group 1, normal saline, in group 2, tramadol, in group 3, methanolic extract of galls of QI and in group 4, tramadol with methanolic extract of galls of QI was available.Results: Methanolic extract of galls of QI produced significant maximal possible analgesia (<0.001) at 30 and 60 minutes in tail-flick method whereas it failed to produce analgesia in hot-plate method during all time intervals.Conclusions: Methanolic extract of galls of QI showed analgesic activity in tail-flick method indicating that its possible mechanism of action is spinally mediated.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF NF-κB, COX-1, COX-2, COMT, IL-10, IL-6 AND TNF-α IN MODULATING ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ENTADA PHASEOLOIDES

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
CHANDANA CHOUDHURY BARUA ◽  
S. M. ABDUL AZIZ BARBHUIYA ◽  
LIPIKA BURAGOHAIN ◽  
AJAY KAKATI ◽  
ACHEENTA GOHAIN BARUA
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Entada Phaseoloides ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Cox 1

Objective: To investigate the analgesic activity of methanolic extract of Entada phaseoloides (MEEP) along with its molecular mechanistic pathway. Methods: Swiss albino female mice and Wistar rats of either sex were administered orally with MEEP extracts (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and pentazocine, tramadol and diclofenac sodium, as standard drugs. Following administration, anti-nociceptive activity was evaluated using an acetic acid-induced writhing test, Eddy’s hot plate, and hot water immersion test. Serum was collected for molecular expression of various proteins and genes using Reverse Transcriptase PCR and Western Blotting. Results: Acetic acid writhing test, a frequently used method to assess peripheral analgesic activity, revealed that MEEP reduced peripherally induced pain in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, Eddy’s hot plate and hot water immersion methods, often implicated for testing central analgesic activities, showed that MEEP is bestowed with the capability to counteract analgesia in a dose and time-dependent manner. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and factors like COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB that cause inflammatory responses and pain were significantly reduced, suggesting its analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential. This analgesic and the anti-inflammatory role played by MEEP is also supported by the up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and COMT and COX-1 enzyme demonstrated no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: The study revealed the weak peripheral and potent central analgesic property MEEP by modulating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways.

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Tectona grandis Linn. stem extract

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapna P. Giri ◽  
Sushilkumar B. Varma
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Heat Method ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractThe objective of this work was to study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity ofHealthy albino rats (150–200 g) and mice (25–50 g) were arranged and divided into five groups. Group 1 received distilled water and served as control, groups 2, 3, 4 were treated with TG stem extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) and group 5 received standard drug. For analgesic activity, the radiant heat method and writhing test were used, and for anti-inflammatory activity, the paw oedema model and granuloma pouch method were used. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance followed by the t-test.In the radiant heat method, there was a dose-dependent increase in reaction time in TG stem extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) and standard drug (buprenorphine). In the writhing test, TG stem extract (200, 400 mg/kg) and aspirin decreased the number of writhes which was significant (p<0.01, p<0.001) as compared to controls. The percentage protection was 8.88%, 15.55%, 22.22% and 35.55% in groups 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. In the rat paw oedema test, TG stem extract (200, 400 mg/kg) and aspirin showed 20%, 40% and 54% inhibition of oedema which was statistically significant (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001), respectively, as compared to control at the end of 4 h. In the granuloma pouch method, TG stem extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) and aspirin showed 13.33%, 22.22%, 33.33% and 66.66% inhibition of granuloma, respectively, which was significant (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001).TG stem extract possesses significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Smilax zeylanica Linn. in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Rasheed Ahemad Shaik ◽  
Fazil Ahmad ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Aleem
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Drug Group ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Smilax zeylanica Linn (Smilaceae) is a woody climbing shrub native to Asia's tropical and subtropical highlands. Traditionally, this plant has been widely used to cure a variety of ailments. Smilax zeylanica stem bark was extracted with ethanol to test its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: To study the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic stem bark extract of Smilax zeylanica Linn. in Wistar rats. Methods: The antinociceptive activity has been assessed in mice by formalin-induced paw licking, Eddy’s hot-plate, and acetic-acid induced abdominal stretching models. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats has been conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory activity. Tween 80 (10ml/kg, p.o) was given to the control group, test drug group received ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica (EESZ) orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, and standard drugs morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c), diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg, i.p) were injected to the standard drug group. Results: Oral administration of ethanolic extract of Smilax zeylanica (EESZ) at test doses (200 and 400 mg/kg), produced a significant decrease of the paw licking time for 2 phases (neurogenic and inflammatory) in the formalin test, upsurge of the reaction time in Eddy’s hot plate test, and significantly decreased the abdominal stretching in the acetic acid-induced  writhes test. Ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica significantly decreased the carrageenan-induced paw oedema. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory activity, probably involving central and peripheral pathways

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of a combination of tramadol-pregabalin in animal models of pain and inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Suthakaran C. ◽  
Raja T. A. R. ◽  
Kayalvizhi M. K. ◽  
Nithya K. ◽  
Ramnarayana Reddy R. V.
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Provide Pain Relief ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rats And Mice

Background: A major goal of pain management is to provide pain relief that is clinically meaningful, sustained, and associated with minimum and reversible adverse effects. Since single analgesic drug is not effective in all patients, there is a need either to develop new and more effective drugs or to identify favourable combinations of drugs that are already available. The aim of the present was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of tramadol and pregabalin when used alone or in combination in animal models of pain and inflammation.Methods: The animals (rats and mice) were divided into eight groups with six animals in each group. Analgesia was assessed by acetic acid induced writhing and tail flick methods in mice and hot plate method in rats. Paw oedema model in rats after induction with 0.1 ml of 1% carrageenan was used to assess the anti‑inflammatory activity. The percentage inhibition of writhes and prolongation of reaction time were used for assessing analgesic activity and reduction in paw volume was used for assessing anti-inflammatory activity. The results obtained were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD Post-hoc Test.Results: Treatment with tramadol pregabalin alone or in combination reduced writhing episodes significantly in acetic acid induced writhing in mice as compared to control indicating its analgesic effect and the highest percentage inhibition of pain was seen with high dose tramadol plus pregabalin. Treatment in Hot plate and Tail flick methods significantly prolonged the reaction time at all time points.Conclusions: Tramadol when combined with pregabalin may enhance its anti-nociceptive effects. If confirmed in additional models of acute and/or chronic pain this combination might be useful in the clinical management of pain not associated with inflammation.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF ARTEMISIA AFRA IN WISTAR RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavuto Gondwe ◽  
Anda Mpalala ◽  
Lusanda Zongo ◽  
David Kamadyaapa ◽  
Eugene Ndebia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Artemisia afra.Methods: Animals were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each and administered with normal saline (2 ml/kg), indomethacin (10 mg/ kg), and A. afra at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. For the anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced paw edema was used while the hot plate and acetic acid induced-writhing tests were used to assess the antinociceptive activity.Results: Pretreatment with A. afra at a dose of 100 mg/kg did not show any significant biological effects (p>0.05) for any of the three tests, when compared against saline-treated control group. At a dose of 200 mg/kg, A. afra demonstrated significant effects (p<0.01), during the 5th h reducing carrageenan-induced paw edema by 12%. The highest dose (400 mg/kg) of A. afra demonstrated more potent effects by decreasing the carrageenan-induced paw swelling (p<0.001–0.05) during the 3rd, 4th, and 5th h, by up to 38% when compared against saline-treated control group. Both the 200 and 400 mg/kg, A. afra doses achieved a significant increase (p<0.05) in reaction time in the hot plate test. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, pretreatment with A. afra (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced pain by 39% (p<0.01) by comparison with the saline control.Conclusion: Experimental data demonstrated that aqueous extract of A. afra possesses anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties in experimental acute inflammation and pain. These findings support the usage of A. afra in managing inflammation and pain in traditional practice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document