scholarly journals Effect of Physical Exercise in Remodeling Telomere Length and Cancer Prevention in an Epigenetic Prospect – A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 891-901
Author(s):  
Lavanya Prathap ◽  
Prathap Suganthirababu S ◽  
Praveen Kumar K ◽  
Preetha S
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expression Status ◽  
P16 Expression

Background: Physical exercise has its impact at the molecular level and aids in healthy well-being of an individual. The current systematic review emphasis on the impact of physical exercise on the telomere length in cancer prevention through epigenetic mechanism. Evidences support the impact of physical exercise in alteration of telomere length through its influence in telomerase activity. The aim of the systematic review is to analyze the effect of physical exercise in remodeling the telomere length in cancer prevention in an epigenetic prospect. Material and Methods: We conducted a qualitative systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The systematic literature search covers articles ranging from the year 2010 to 2020. The Database used for literature searches are PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct and Google scholar. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) used for search include ‘Cancer’ ‘exercise’ ‘Telomere length’ ‘telomerase expression’. The outcome variables include the telomere length, telomerase activity, telomere protein stabilizing gene expression status, Micro RNA expression status. Results: After exclusion of irrelevant articles 05 records are selected for final inclusion of the study and are analyzed using a Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool and SANRA tool found to be at low risk of bias and moderate quality respectively. The findings suggest chronic exercise is found to modulate the genetic and epigenetic equilibrium by either up regulation of p53 and p16 expression and stabilizing the telomerase activity within the limits or by increasing the telomerase activity and stabilizing the p53 and p16 expression within limits and impact telomere length, thus maintaining the genetic and epigenetic equilibrium. Conclusion: Based on the evidences collected it can be suggested that chronic moderate intensity aerobic exercise in a lifelong practice shows beneficial effects in a dose-response manner in cancer prevention in a novel way by modulating telomeres through epigenetic mechanism.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Previous Physical Exercise Program to Reduce Seizure Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Mario Arida ◽  
Adrielle Andrade Passos ◽  
Alexandre Lebedev Graciani ◽  
João Angelo Ferres Brogin ◽  
Mayara de Almeida Lima Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Seizure Susceptibility ◽  
Seizure Onset ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
The Impact

Background: Clinical and pre-clinical studies indicate a reduction in seizure frequency as well as a decrease in susceptibility to subsequently evoked seizures after physical exercise programs. In contrast to the influence of exercise after epilepsy previously established, various studies have been conducted attempting to investigate whether physical activity reduces brain susceptibility to seizures or prevents epilepsy. We report a systematic review and meta-analysis of different animal models that addressed the impact of previous physical exercise programs to reduce seizure susceptibility.Methods: We included animal model (rats and mice) studies before brain insult that reported physical exercise programs compared with other interventions (sham, control, or naïve). We excluded studies that investigated animal models after brain insult, associated with supplement nutrition or drugs, that did not address epilepsy or seizure susceptibility, ex vivo studies, in vitro studies, studies in humans, or in silico studies. Electronic searches were performed in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, PsycINFO, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, and gray literature, without restrictions to the year or language of publication. We used SYRCLE's risk of bias tool and CAMARADES checklist for study quality. We performed a synthesis of results for different types of exercise and susceptibility to seizures by random-effects meta-analysis.Results: Fifteen studies were included in the final analysis (543 animals), 13 of them used male animals, and Wistar rats were the most commonly studied species used in the studies (355 animals). The chemoconvulsants used in the selected studies were pentylenetetrazol, penicillin, kainic acid, pilocarpine, and homocysteine. We assessed the impact of study design characteristics and the reporting of mitigations to reduce the risk of bias. We calculated a standardized mean difference effect size for each comparison and performed a random-effects meta-analysis. The meta-analysis included behavioral analysis (latency to seizure onset, n = 6 and intensity of motor signals, n = 3) and electrophysiological analysis (spikes/min, n = 4, and amplitude, n = 6). The overall effect size observed in physical exercise compared to controls for latency to seizure onset was −130.98 [95% CI: −203.47, −58.49] (seconds) and the intensity of motor signals was −0.40 [95% CI: −1.19, 0.40] (on a scale from 0 to 5). The largest effects were observed in electrophysiological analysis for spikes/min with −26.96 [95% CI: −39.56, −14.36], and for spike amplitude (μV) with −282.64 [95% CI: −466.81, −98.47].Discussion:Limitations of evidence. A higher number of animal models should be employed for analyzing the influence of exerciseon seizure susceptibility. The high heterogeneity in our meta-analysis is attributable to various factors, including the number of animals used in each study and the limited number of similar studies. Interpretation. Studies selected in this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that previous physical exercise programs can reduce some of the main features related to seizure susceptibility [latency seizure onset, spikes/min, and spike amplitude (μV)] induced by the administration of different chemoconvulsants.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021251949; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=251949.

scholarly journals The impact of physical exercise on the fatigue symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazanin Razazian ◽  
Mohsen Kazeminia ◽  
Hossein Moayedi ◽  
Alireza Daneshkhah ◽  
Shamarina Shohaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of online group counselling programs on substance use, mental health, and physical health among adults: A systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L Currie ◽  
Richard Larouche ◽  
M. L. Voss ◽  
Erin K. Higa ◽  
Rae Spiwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Group Counselling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Online Group

Abstract Background: COVID-19 has resulted in an increased demand for online mental health services globally. There is emerging evidence for the efficacy for group online interventions that support population-based mental health, but a systematic review is lacking. The primary objective of this rapid systematic review is to summarize the evidence for online group counselling programs for adults. A second objective is to assess, within studies selected for our primary objective, the impact of online group counselling programs that encourage PA on outcomes compared to those that do not.Methods and Design: Randomized controlled trials that assess the impact of online group counselling programs on substance use, mental health, or physical health among community dwelling adults will be searched in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINHAL, and the Central Register of Controlled Trials. The review will be structured using PRISMA guidelines. Studies will be synthesized using the Cochrane Handbook and Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) reporting guideline. Quality will be evaluated using GRADE. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool; with higher quality studies prioritized when drawing conclusions. The role of sex and gender will be considered as well as possible gender biases at all stages of the review.Discussion: This review will examine the effectiveness of online counselling programs that can be delivered to populations in a group format, and thus in a potentially cost-effective way. Findings will inform the decisions of governments, communities, and health care organizations responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. Systematic review registration: The protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42020187551).

scholarly journals Systematic review of acute physically active learning and classroom movement breaks on children’s physical activity, cognition, academic performance and classroom behaviour: understanding critical design features

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy J Daly-Smith ◽  
Stephen Zwolinsky ◽  
Jim McKenna ◽  
Phillip D Tomporowski ◽  
Margaret Anne Defeyter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Classroom Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of acute classroom movement break (CMB) and physically active learning (PAL) interventions on physical activity (PA), cognition, academic performance and classroom behaviour.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesPubMed, EBSCO, Academic Search Complete, Education Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, SCOPUS and Web of Science.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies investigating school-based acute bouts of CMB or PAL on (PA), cognition, academic performance and classroom behaviour. The Downs and Black checklist assessed risk of bias.ResultsTen PAL and eight CMB studies were identified from 2929 potentially relevant articles. Risk of bias scores ranged from 33% to 64.3%. Variation in study designs drove specific, but differing, outcomes. Three studies assessed PA using objective measures. Interventions replaced sedentary time with either light PA or moderate-to-vigorous PA dependent on design characteristics (mode, duration and intensity). Only one study factored individual PA outcomes into analyses. Classroom behaviour improved after longer moderate-to-vigorous (>10 min), or shorter more intense (5 min), CMB/PAL bouts (9 out of 11 interventions). There was no support for enhanced cognition or academic performance due to limited repeated studies.ConclusionLow-to-medium quality designs predominate in investigations of the acute impacts of CMB and PAL on PA, cognition, academic performance and classroom behaviour. Variable quality in experimental designs, outcome measures and intervention characteristics impact outcomes making conclusions problematic. CMB and PAL increased PA and enhanced time on task. To improve confidence in study outcomes, future investigations should combine examples of good practice observed in current studies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017070981.

scholarly journals Effect of dose administration aids on adherence to self-administered medications: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e030536
Author(s):  
Kanika Chaudhri ◽  
Madeleine Kearney ◽  
Richard O Day ◽  
Anthony Rodgers ◽  
Emily Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionForgetting to take a medication is the most common reason for non-adherence to self-administered medication. Dose administration aids (DAAs) are a simple and common solution to improve unintentional non-adherence for oral tablets. DAAs can be in the form of compartmentalised pill boxes, automated medication dispensing devices, blister packs and sachets packets. This protocol aims to outline the methods that will be used in a systematic review of the current literature to assess the impact of DAAs on adherence to medications and health outcomes.Methods and analysisRandomised controlled trials will be identified through electronic searches in databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library, from the beginning of each database until January 2020. Two reviewers will independently screen studies and extract data using the standardised forms. Data extracted will include general study information, characteristics of the study, participant characteristics, intervention characteristics and outcomes. Primary outcome is to assess the effects of DAAs on medication adherence. Secondary outcome is to evaluate the changes in health outcomes. The risk of bias will be ascertained by two reviewers in parallel using The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. A meta-analysis will be performed if data are homogenous.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval will not be required for this study. The results of the review described within this protocol will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and relevant conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018096087

scholarly journals Periodontitis Impact in Interleukin-6 Serum Levels in Solid Organ Transplanted Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Machado ◽  
João Botelho ◽  
Joana Lopes ◽  
Mariana Patrão ◽  
Ricardo Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Moderate Quality ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quality Evidence

This systematic review aimed to investigate the influence of periodontitis on post-transplant IL-6 serum levels of solid organ transplanted patients as compared to healthy subjects. Four databases (PubMed, Scholar, EMBASE, and CENTRAL) were searched up to February 2020 (PROSPERO CRD42018107817). Case-control and cohort studies on the association of IL-6 serum levels with a periodontal status of patients after solid organ transplantation were included. The risk of bias of observational studies was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Random effects meta-analyses were thoroughly conducted. GRADE assessment provided quality evidence. Four case-control studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria (274 transplant recipients and 146 healthy controls), all of low risk of bias. Meta-analyses revealed significantly higher IL-6 levels in transplanted patients than healthy individuals with low-quality evidence (Mean Difference (MD): 2.55 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.07, 3.03)). Transplanted patients with periodontitis have higher serum IL-6 levels than transplanted patients without periodontitis with moderate quality evidence (MD: 2.20 (95% CI: 1.00, 3.39)). We found low-quality evidence of higher IL-6 levels than healthy patients in patients with heart and kidney transplant. In these transplanted patients, there was moderate quality evidence that periodontitis is associated with higher IL-6 serum levels. Future research should consider the impact of such a difference in organ failure and systemic complications.

scholarly journals Central neurobiological effects of physical exercise in individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e036151
Author(s):  
Rutger M J de Zoete ◽  
Kenneth Chen ◽  
Michele Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Brain Areas

ObjectivePrimary objectives: to investigate the central neurobiological effects (using MRI) of physical exercise in individuals with chronic pain. Secondary objectives: (1) to investigate the associations between central changes and clinical outcomes and (2) to investigate whether different types and dosages of physical exercise exert different central changes.DesignSystematic review searching four electronic databases up to September 2018: AMED, CINAHL, Embase and MEDLINE. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of included studies using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies-I tool. A standardised extraction table was used for data extraction, which was performed by two reviewers.InterventionsStudies reporting any physical exercise intervention in any chronic musculoskeletal pain condition were included. Eligibility of 4011 records was screened independently by two reviewers, and four studies were included in the review.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome: any brain outcome assessed with any MR technique. Secondary outcomes: any self-reported clinical outcomes, and type and dosage of the exercise intervention.ResultsAll four studies had high risk of bias. There was heterogeneity between the brain areas studied and the types of exercise interventions delivered. All studies reported functional MRI changes in various brain areas following an exercise intervention. Insufficient data were available to conduct a meta-analysis or to answer the secondary aims.ConclusionsOnly a limited number of studies were available and all were at high risk of bias. None of the studies was randomised or included blinded assessment. Exercise may exert effects on brain neurobiology in people with chronic pain. Due to the high risk of bias, future studies should use a randomised study design. Investigation of morphological brain changes could be included.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018108179.

scholarly journals Impact of Yoga and Meditation on Cellular Aging in Apparently Healthy Individuals: A Prospective, Open-Label Single-Arm Exploratory Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri Tolahunase ◽  
Rajesh Sagar ◽  
Rima Dada
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Open Label ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Apparently Healthy

This study was designed to explore the impact of Yoga and Meditation based lifestyle intervention (YMLI) on cellular aging in apparently healthy individuals. During this 12-week prospective, open-label, single arm exploratory study, 96 apparently healthy individuals were enrolled to receive YMLI. The primary endpoints were assessment of the change in levels of cardinal biomarkers of cellular aging in blood from baseline to week 12, which included DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH2dG), oxidative stress markers reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and telomere attrition markers telomere length and telomerase activity. The secondary endpoints were assessment of metabotrophic blood biomarkers associated with cellular aging, which included cortisol, β-endorphin, IL-6, BDNF, and sirtuin-1. After 12 weeks of YMLI, there were significant improvements in both the cardinal biomarkers of cellular aging and the metabotrophic biomarkers influencing cellular aging compared to baseline values. The mean levels of 8-OH2dG, ROS, cortisol, and IL-6 were significantly lower and mean levels of TAC, telomerase activity, β-endorphin, BDNF, and sirtuin-1 were significantly increased (all values p<0.05) post-YMLI. The mean level of telomere length was increased but the finding was not significant (p=0.069). YMLI significantly reduced the rate of cellular aging in apparently healthy population.

scholarly journals Considering the methodological limitations in the evidence base of antidepressants for depression: a reanalysis of a network meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e024886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Munkholm ◽  
Asger Sand Paludan-Müller ◽  
Kim Boesen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clinical Study Reports

ObjectivesTo investigate whether the conclusion of a recent systematic review and network meta-analysis (Ciprianiet al) that antidepressants are more efficacious than placebo for adult depression was supported by the evidence.DesignReanalysis of a systematic review, with meta-analyses.Data sources522 trials (116 477 participants) as reported in the systematic review by Ciprianiet aland clinical study reports for 19 of these trials.AnalysisWe used the Cochrane Handbook’s risk of bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to evaluate the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence, respectively. The impact of several study characteristics and publication status was estimated using pairwise subgroup meta-analyses.ResultsSeveral methodological limitations in the evidence base of antidepressants were either unrecognised or underestimated in the systematic review by Ciprianiet al. The effect size for antidepressants versus placebo on investigator-rated depression symptom scales was higher in trials with a ‘placebo run-in’ study design compared with trials without a placebo run-in design (p=0.05). The effect size of antidepressants was higher in published trials compared with unpublished trials (p<0.0001). The outcome data reported by Ciprianiet aldiffered from the clinical study reports in 12 (63%) of 19 trials. The certainty of the evidence for the placebo-controlled comparisons should be very low according to GRADE due to a high risk of bias, indirectness of the evidence and publication bias. The mean difference between antidepressants and placebo on the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (range 0–52 points) was 1.97 points (95% CI 1.74 to 2.21).ConclusionsThe evidence does not support definitive conclusions regarding the benefits of antidepressants for depression in adults. It is unclear whether antidepressants are more efficacious than placebo.

scholarly journals Drug treatments for covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m2980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reed AC Siemieniuk ◽  
Jessica J Bartoszko ◽  
Long Ge ◽  
Dena Zeraatkar ◽  
Ariel Izcovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Interferon Beta ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective To compare the effects of treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Design Living systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources WHO covid-19 database, a comprehensive multilingual source of global covid-19 literature, up to 3 December 2020 and six additional Chinese databases up to 12 November 2020. Study selection Randomised clinical trials in which people with suspected, probable, or confirmed covid-19 were randomised to drug treatment or to standard care or placebo. Pairs of reviewers independently screened potentially eligible articles. Methods After duplicate data abstraction, a bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using a modification of the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 tool, and the certainty of the evidence using the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach. For each outcome, interventions were classified in groups from the most to the least beneficial or harmful following GRADE guidance. Results 85 trials enrolling 41 669 patients met inclusion criteria as of 21 October 2020; 50 (58.8%) trials and 25 081 (60.2%) patients are new from the previous iteration; 43 (50.6%) trials evaluating treatments with at least 100 patients or 20 events met the threshold for inclusion in the analyses. Compared with standard care, corticosteroids probably reduce death (risk difference 17 fewer per 1000 patients, 95% credible interval 34 fewer to 1 more, moderate certainty), mechanical ventilation (29 fewer per 1000 patients, 54 fewer to 1 more, moderate certainty), and days free from mechanical ventilation (2.6 fewer, 0.2 fewer to 5.0 fewer, moderate certainty). The impact of remdesivir on mortality, mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, and duration of symptoms is uncertain, but it probably does not substantially increase adverse effects leading to drug discontinuation (0 more per 1000, 9 fewer to 40 more, moderate certainty). Azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, interferon-beta, and tocilizumab may not reduce risk of death or have an effect on any other patient-important outcome. The certainty in effects for all other interventions was low or very low. Conclusion Corticosteroids probably reduce mortality and mechanical ventilation in patients with covid-19 compared with standard care, whereas azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, interferon-beta, and tocilizumab may not reduce either. Whether or not remdesivir confers any patient-important benefit remains uncertain. Systematic review registration This review was not registered. The protocol is included as a supplement. Readers’ note This article is a living systematic review that will be updated to reflect emerging evidence. Updates may occur for up to two years from the date of original publication. This version is the second update of the original article published on 30 July 2020 ( BMJ 2020;370:m2980), and previous versions can be found as data supplements. When citing this paper please consider adding the version number and date of access for clarity.

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