scholarly journals Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus Aureus in Healthy Children and its Possible Bacteriophage Isolates in Basrah, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 467-475
Author(s):  
Nidham M. Jamalludeen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs

There is an evidence of high infections with community acquired Staphylococcus aureus among the healthy children. Anterior nasal colonization with S. aureus plays important role of spreading such infections with this organism. To evaluate the prevalence of S. aureus among healthy children, nasal swabs were collected from 119 children within the age from 1 month to 5 years. Parents or/and guardians combined the children were also interviewed for a questionnaire associated with the organism risk factors. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in percentage of 14.28% out of 119 samples processed; among these 41.2% were Methicillin resistant S. aureus. The carriage of the organism was significantly noticed between the age groups that were live with big family size and were not attending preschool. In this study, the prevalence of MRSA was relatively high. Three bacteriophages specific for s. aureus were isolated as a candidate for biocontrol or treatment of the nasal carriages.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization of Healthy Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Soltani ◽  
Abbas Taghavi Ardakani ◽  
Alireza Moravveji ◽  
Mahzad Erami ◽  
Mostafa Haji Rezaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

scholarly journals Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nisha Giri ◽  
Sujina Maharjan ◽  
Tika Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Sushant Pokhrel ◽  
Govardhan Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Introduction. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. One of the potential risk factors for nosocomial staphylococcal infections is colonization of the anterior nares of healthcare workers (HCWs). Our study aimed to determine the rate of nasal carriage MRSA among HCWs at Manmohan Memorial Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Methods. Two hundred and thirty-two nasal swabs were collected from HCWs of Manmohan Memorial Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, within six months (February 2018–July 2018). Nasal swabs were cultured, and S. aureus isolates were subjected to the antimicrobial susceptibility test by the modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA and iMLSB (inducible macrolide lincosamide streptogramin B) resistance was screened using the cefoxitin disc (30 μg) and D-test (clindamycin and erythromycin sensitivity pattern), respectively, following CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute) guidelines. Risk factors for MRSA colonization were determined using the chi-square test considering the p value ˂0.05 as significant. Results. A total of 34/232 (14.7%) S. aureus were isolated, out of which 12 (35.3%) were MRSA. The overall rate of nasal carriage MRSA among HCWs was 5.2% (12/232). Colonization of MRSA was higher in males (8.7%) than in females (4.3%). MRSA colonization was found to be at peak among the doctors (11.4%). HCWs of the postoperative ward were colonized highest (18.2%). All MRSA isolates were sensitive to linezolid and tetracycline. iMLSB resistance was shown by 7(20.6%) of the isolates. MRSA strains showed higher iMLSB resistance accounting for 33.3% (4/12) in comparison to methicillin-susceptible strains with 13.6% (3/22). Smoking was found to be significantly associated with MRSA colonization ( p = 0.004 ). Conclusion. Rate of nasal carriage MRSA is high among HCWs and hence needs special attention to prevent HCW-associated infections that may result due to nasal colonization.

The Role of Negative Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Surveillance Swabs in Predicting the Need for Empiric Vancomycin Therapy in Intensive Care Unit Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darunee Chotiprasitsakul ◽  
Pranita D. Tamma ◽  
Avinash Gadala ◽  
Sara E. Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Vancomycin Therapy ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mrsa Infection

OBJECTIVESThe role of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal surveillance swabs (nasal swabs) in guiding decisions about prescribing vancomycin is unclear. We aimed to determine the likelihood that patients with negative MRSA nasal swabs develop subsequent MRSA infections; to assess avoidable vancomycin days for patients with negative nasal swabs; and to identify risk factors for having a negative nasal swab and developing a MRSA infection during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay.METHODSThis retrospective cohort study was conducted in 6 ICUs at a tertiary-care hospital from December 2013 through June 2015. The negative predictive value (NPV), defined as the ability of a negative nasal swab to predict no subsequent MRSA infection, was calculated. Days of vancomycin continued or restarted after 3 days from the collection time of the first negative nasal swab were determined. A matched case-control study identified risk factors for having a negative nasal swab and developing MRSA infection.RESULTSOf 11,441 patients with MRSA-negative nasal swabs, the rate of subsequent MRSA infection was 0.22%. A negative nasal swab had a NPV of 99.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 99.1%–99.6%). Vancomycin was continued or started after nasal swab results were available in 1,431 patients, translating to 7,364 vancomycin days. No risk factors associated with MRSA infection were identified.CONCLUSIONSIn our hospital with a low prevalence of MRSA transmission, a negative MRSA nasal swab was helpful in identifying patients with low risk of MRSA infection in whom empiric vancomycin therapy could be stopped and in whom the subsequent initiation of vancomycin therapy during an ICU admission could be avoided.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:290–296

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in veterinary professionals in 2017 in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Neradova ◽  
Vladislav Jakubu ◽  
Katarina Pomorska ◽  
Helena Zemlickova
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Mrsa Colonization ◽  
Animal Strains

Abstract Background Cases of colonization or infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequently reported in people who work with animals, including veterinary personnel. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization among veterinary professionals. A total of 134 nasal swabs from healthy attendees of a veterinary conference held in the Czech Republic were tested for presence of MRSA. The stains were further genotypically and phenotypically characterized. Results Nine isolated MRSA strains were characterized with sequence type (ST), spa type (t) and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type. Five different genotypes were described, including ST398-t011-IV (n = 5), ST398-t2330-IV (n = 1), ST398-t034-V (n = 1), ST225-t003-II (n = 1) and ST4894-t011-IV (n = 1). The carriage of the animal MRSA strain was confirmed in 8 cases, characteristics of one strain corresponded to the possible nosocomial origin. Among animal strains were described three spa types (t011, t034, t2330) belonging into one dominating clonal complex spa-CC11. Conclusion According to our results, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in veterinary personnel is 6.72%. Although we described an increase compared to the results of previous study (year 2008), the prevalence in the Czech Republic is still remaining lower than reported from neighboring countries. Our results also indicate that healthcare - associated MRSA strains are still not spread among animals.

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