scholarly journals Mobile Phone Electromagnetic Fields Affecting the Hepatocytes in the White Leghorn Chicken Embryo: An Ultrastructural Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Najam Siddiqi ◽  
Asem Shalaby ◽  
Mohamed Abdullah Al Kindi ◽  
Fatima Al Ghafri
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
White Leghorn Chicken

scholarly journals Quantitative and Qualitative Protein Changes in the Developing Single Comb White Leghorn Chicken Embryo

1972 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Asmar ◽  
P.L. Pellett ◽  
Nur Hariri ◽  
M.D. Hariri
Keyword(s):  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
White Leghorn Chicken ◽  
Single Comb

The sclerotic plates of the White Leghorn chicken

1942 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
White Leghorn ◽  
White Leghorn Chicken

scholarly journals Mechanism of short-term ERK activation by electromagnetic fields at mobile phone frequencies

2007 ◽  
Vol 405 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Friedman ◽  
Sarah Kraus ◽  
Yirmi Hauptman ◽  
Yoni Schiff ◽  
Rony Seger
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Egf Receptor ◽  
Nadh Oxidase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Mapk Cascades ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

The exposure to non-thermal microwave electromagnetic fields generated by mobile phones affects the expression of many proteins. This effect on transcription and protein stability can be mediated by the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascades, which serve as central signalling pathways and govern essentially all stimulated cellular processes. Indeed, long-term exposure of cells to mobile phone irradiation results in the activation of p38 as well as the ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) MAPKs. In the present study, we have studied the immediate effect of irradiation on the MAPK cascades, and found that ERKs, but not stress-related MAPKs, are rapidly activated in response to various frequencies and intensities. Using signalling inhibitors, we delineated the mechanism that is involved in this activation. We found that the first step is mediated in the plasma membrane by NADH oxidase, which rapidly generates ROS (reactive oxygen species). These ROS then directly stimulate MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) and allow them to cleave and release Hb-EGF [heparin-binding EGF (epidermal growth factor)]. This secreted factor activates the EGF receptor, which in turn further activates the ERK cascade. Thus this study demonstrates for the first time a detailed molecular mechanism by which electromagnetic irradiation from mobile phones induces the activation of the ERK cascade and thereby induces transcription and other cellular processes.

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