scholarly journals Effect of Annona Squamosa Ethanolic and Aqueous Leave Extracts on Aluminum Chloride-Induced Neuroinflammation in Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1723-1730
Author(s):  
Omnia Magdy Hendawy ◽  
Mona Anwar ELBana ◽  
Hassan A. Abdelmawlla ◽  
Naseer Maliyakkal ◽  
Gomaa Mostafa Hedeab
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Brain Nitric Oxide

Aluminum (Al) is present daily in our life, the long-term excessive Al intake induces neuroinflammation and cognition retardation. Annona squamosa leaves showed some medicinal activities as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic drugs. This study was designed to examine the effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of annona squamosa leaves against aluminum chloride (AlCl3-induced neuroinflammation in rats. 40 male albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, 10 rats each. Group 1; (Control rats), Group 2; (rats received AlCl3 50mg/kg body weight orally (p.o), Group 3; (rats received AlCl3 and annona squamosa leave aqueous extracts (300mg/kg) and Group 4; (rats received AlCl3 and annona squamosa ethanolic extracts (300mg/kg). After two months; blood samples were collected for assessment of serum nuclear factor- ҡβ (NF-ҡβ) and Acetyl cholinesterase (Ach E). The brain of each rat was removed for assessment Brain nitric oxide, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), caspase 3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). AlCl3 increase brain MDA, NO, Ach E activity, NF-ҡβ and caspase 3, significant decreases in GSH, SOD activity and BDNF. Ethanolic or aqueous annona squamosa leaves extracts ameliorate MDA, NO, Ach. E activity, NF-ҡβ and caspase 3 and restore GSH, SOD activity and BDNF to near normal levels in AlCl3 treated rats. Conclusion: Both of ethanolic and aqueous annona squamosa leave extracts protect rat brain against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by AlCl3.

scholarly journals Cross Talk Between Down Regulation of Steroidogenic Genes Expression, Oxidative and Apoptotic Biomarkers in Testes Induced by Administration of Tramadol and Boldenone and Their Combination in Male Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gihan F. Asaad ◽  
Noha Mowaad ◽  
Marwa E.A. El-Shamarka ◽  
Sahar Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Oxidative Biomarkers ◽  
Reproductive Gland

Abstract BackgroundThe testis is the male reproductive gland or gonad having two vital functions - to produce both sperm and androgens, primarily testosterone.PurposeThe study aimed to investigate the effect of tramadol and boldenone injected alone or in combinatio for 2 months in rats on testicular function.MethodsGroup 1; normal control, Group 2; tramadol Hcl (TRAM) (20 mg/kg bwt.) (i.p). Group 3; boldenone undecylenate (BOLD) (5 mg/kg bwt) (i.m). Group 4; combination of TRAM (20 mg/kg bwt.) and BOLD (5 mg/kg), respectively for 2 months.ResultsTRAM and BOLD alone and in combination rats showed deteriorated testicular functions, lowered serum steroid levels (FSH, LH and testesterone), elevation in oxidative biomarkers (MDA & NO) and reduction in GSH and SOD, downregulation of StaR and HSD17B3 as well as assessment of testicular histopathological using H&E staining, PAS stain for histochemical assessment of polysaccharides and glycoproteins in the testes and Masson trichrome stain to assess the changes in the collagen fibers.ConclusionThe study illuminated the hazard of administration of these drugs for a long period as well as the prominent deleterious effects reported on concurrent use of both drugs.

scholarly journals Investigation of the protective effect of enoxaparin and ticagrelor pretreatment against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat lung tissue

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1193-1200
Author(s):  
Orhan Fındık ◽  
Melda Yardımoglu Yılmaz ◽  
Yusufhan Yazır ◽  
Selenay Furat Rençber ◽  
Kübra Kavram Sarıhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to reveal the possible protective effects of ticagrelor and enoxaparin pretreatment against ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced injury on the lung tissue of a rat model. METHODS Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: group-1 (control-sham), group-2 (control-saline+IR), group-3 (ticagrelor+IR), group-4 (enoxaparin+IR). Before the ischemic period, saline, ticagrelor, and enoxaparin were administered to the 2nd-4th groups, respectively. In these groups, IR injury was induced by clamping the aorta infrarenally for 2 h, followed by 4 h of reperfusion except group-1. After the rats were euthanized, the lungs were processed for histological examinations. Paraffin sections were stained with Haematoxylin&Eosin (H&E) for light microscopic observation. Apoptosis was evaluated by caspase-3 immunoreactivity. Data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS software. RESULTS In the lung sections stained with H&E, a normal histological structure was observed in group-1, whereas disorganized epithelial cells, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration were seen in the alveolar wall in group-2. The histologic structure of the treatment groups was better than that of group-2. Caspase-3(+) apoptotic cells were noticeable in sections of group-2 and were lower in the treatment groups. In group-4, caspase-3 immunostaining was lower than in group-3. In group-2, apoptotic cells were significantly higher than in the other groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Based on the histological results, we suggested that both therapies ameliorated the detrimental effects of IR. Caspase-3 immunohistochemistry results also revealed that pre-treatment with enoxaparin gave better results in an IR-induced rat injury model. In further studies, other parameters such as ROS and inflammatory gene expressions should be evaluated for accurate results.

scholarly journals Centella Asiatica Extracts Regulates Aluminium Chloride-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats: Impact on Inflammation, Apoptosis and Biogenic Amine Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shaik Amjad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group 1

investigate the therapeutic potential of CA against chronic Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3) exposure induced rats. Wistar albino rats were segregated into four groups: group 1-control rats, group 2-rats received AlCl3 (300 mg/kg body weight, every day orally) for 60 days, rats in group 3-received CA (500 mg/kg body weight, orally) and group 4 rats were initiated with both AlCl3 and CA treatment.

scholarly journals Potentiation of general anaesthetic activity of ketamine by memantine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
M. S. Umamageswari ◽  
K. Vasanthan ◽  
T. M. Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
General Anaesthetic ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: The study was done with the objective to evaluate synergistic activity of ketamine induced general anesthesia by memantine in wistar albino rats.Methods: The wistar albino rats of either sex were divided into four groups of five animals. Group 1 received ketamine 40 mg/kg, group 2 received ketamine 80 mg/kg, group 3 received ketamine 40 mg/kg along with memantine 10 mg/kg and group 4 received 80 mg of ketamine along with memantine 10 mg/kg to evaluate the synergistic activity of ketamine induced general anesthesia by memantine. The sleep latency time and duration of sleep were measured in all the groups.Results: The sleep latency time of group 4 is significantly decreased (p<0.001) compared to all other groups. The duration of sleep of group 4 is significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to group 1 and group 3, but less than that of group 1.Conclusions: Memantine possess synergistic activity of ketamine induced general anaesthesia.

Zinc-Mediated Reduction of Apoptosis in Cardiac Allografts

Circulation ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray H. Kown ◽  
Tim Van der Steenhoven ◽  
Francis G. Blankenberg ◽  
Grant Hoyt ◽  
Gerald J. Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graft Survival ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Survival Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Cardiac Allografts ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Group 1

Background —Apoptosis is thought to occur during immune-mediated acute rejection of cardiac allografts. In vitro studies have shown that zinc inhibits the activity of the proapoptotic enzyme caspase-3. We hypothesized that ZnCl 2 would reduce acute cardiac rejection in vivo via the blockade of caspase-3–dependent apoptosis. 99m Tc-labeled annexin V was used to measure apoptosis in cardiac allografts through nuclear imaging. Annexin V binds to phosphatidylserines, which are externalized to the outer membrane of apoptotic cells. Methods and Results —Twenty-seven PVG rat hearts were transplanted heterotopically into the abdomen of untreated ACI rats as controls (group 1). Fifteen were scanned and euthanized on postoperative day 4, and 12 were assessed for graft survival. Group 2 and 3 rats (n=15 each) received 1 and 5 mg/kg ZnCl 2 BID IP, respectively. Nine of each of these groups were scanned and euthanized on postoperative day 4, and 6 were studied for allograft survival. Group 4 rats (n=3) received isografts. Region-of-interest analysis demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in 99m Tc annexin uptake in ZnCl 2 -treated allografts: 2.43±0.37% for group 1, 1.97±0.41% for group 2, 1.21±0.47% for group 3, and 0.55±0.19% for group 4 (ANOVA, P =0.001). Graft survival times of 6.4±1.7, 9.3±3.0, and 11.5±3.4 days for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were also observed (ANOVA, P =0.001). Caspase-3 activity in the allografts showed a 3.7-fold reduction in group 3 animals compared with group 1 animals ( P =0.004). Conclusions —Apoptosis that occurs in acute cardiac allograft rejection is reduced with ZnCl 2 in a dose-dependent manner via caspase-3 inhibition.

scholarly journals Combined effects of Fasciola hepatica infection and copper intoxication on oxidative/antioxidative status in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-365
Author(s):  
V. Nanev ◽  
I. Vladov ◽  
M. Gabrashanska
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Hepatica Infection ◽  
Antioxidative Status ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

The aim of our study was to investigate parameters of oxidative/antioxidative status in rats experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica and treated with a copper salt. The experiment was carried out on 24 male Wistar albino rats, divided into 4 groups with 6 animals in each: group 1 – healthy untreated animals, group 2 – rats orally infected with F. hepatica; group 3 – rats treated with CuSO4. 5H2O and group 4 – rats experimentally infected with F. hepatica and treated with CuSO4.5H2O. Rats from group 2 and 4 were orally infected with 15 viable F. hepatica metacercariae per animal. Rats from group 3 and 4 received CuSO4.5H2O dissolved in drinking water at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight after post infestation week 2. Copper administration lasted 2 weeks. The rats were euthanised on the 35th day post infestation. The levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione, and the activity of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the liver of all rats were established. Increased liver MDA level was observed in groups infected and untreated with copper compared to control level. Reduced Cu,Zn-SOD activity was found in all infected rats as well as insignificant increase of the enzyme in group 3 compared to control group value. GPx activity was reduced in similar manner in the treated and infected groups compared to the control group. GSH level was lower in all treated rats than in controls (P<0.01). Copper liver content was increased in groups receiving CuSO4.5H2O compared both to control and infected only group. Substantial imbalance in oxidative/antioxidative status in groups 2, 3 and 4 was demonstrated compared to the control group. Combined effect of chronic copper administration and experimental F. hepatica infection increased significantly MDA level, reduced the activity of Cu,Zn-SOD and the GSH content in host livers. Elevated copper level influenced defense system in F. hepatica infected rats at a high extent. Parasites and copper acted together to increase the oxidative stress. Parasitism in the presence of copper pollution compromises the health of the host, even at low intensities.

scholarly journals Preventive Effects of Dexmedetomidine on the Liver in a Rat Model of Acid-Induced Acute Lung Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velat Şen ◽  
Abdulmenap Güzel ◽  
Hadice Selimoğlu Şen ◽  
Aydın Ece ◽  
Ünal Uluca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tissue Specimens

The aim of this study was to examine whether dexmedetomidine improves acute liver injury in a rat model. Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats weighing 300–350 g were allocated randomly to four groups. In group 1, normal saline (NS) was injected into the lungs and rats were allowed to breathe spontaneously. In group 2, rats received standard ventilation (SV) in addition to NS. In group 3, hydrochloric acid was injected into the lungs and rats received SV. In group 4, rats received SV and 100 µg/kg intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine before intratracheal HCl instillation. Blood samples and liver tissue specimens were examined by biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. Acute lung injury (ALI) was found to be associated with increased malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant activity (TOA), oxidative stress index (OSI), and decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Significantly decreased MDA, TOA, and OSI levels and significantly increased TAC levels were found with dexmedetomidine injection in group 4 (P<0.05). The highest histologic injury scores were detected in group 3. Enhanced hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and reduced CD68 expression were found in dexmedetomidine group compared with the group 3. In conclusion, the presented data provide the first evidence that dexmedetomidine has a protective effect on experimental liver injury induced by ALI.

scholarly journals Biochemical and histological effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Xylopia aethiopica and seeds and leaves of Piper guineense on liver and kidney function in male albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinedu Imo ◽  
Kayode Adebisi Arowora ◽  
Chukwuma Stephen Ezeonu ◽  
Joseph Ikwebe ◽  
Ojochenemi Ejeh Yakubu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Xylopia Aethiopica ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background The fruits of Xylopia aethiopica and seeds and leaves of Piper guineense are commonly used as spices. Due to their wide use in nutrition and traditional medicine, there is need to examine the biochemical and histological effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Xylopia aethiopica and seeds and leaves of Piper guineense on liver and kidney function in male albino rats. The test animals (groups 2, 3 and 4) received 100 mg/kg each of the corresponding extract for 21 days. Group 1 served as normal control and received a placebo of normal saline. The animals were later fasted overnight, sacrificed and their blood collected through cardiac puncture for biochemical indices. Results AST activity decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in rats of group 2 compared to the normal control; ALP decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in animals of group 3; while ALT increased significantly (p < 0.05) in group 4. The concentrations of urea and potassium showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in animals of group 3. Creatinine increased significantly (p < 0.05) in group 2. Concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, sodium and chlorides in the test animals did not show any significant alteration. WBC count increased significantly (p < 0.05) in rats of group 3 and non-significantly (p > 0.05) in groups 2 and 4. PCV increased significantly in rats of group 4 and non-significantly in groups 2 and 3. RBC count and Hb levels increased non-significantly (p > 0.05) in all the test groups compared to group 1. The histoarchitectural states of the liver and kidneys showed no apparent alteration by the different extracts. Conclusion The extracts have no apparent toxic effect on the liver and kidneys of the experimental rats, although fruits’ extract of Xylopia aethiopica showed possibility of exhibiting mild liver toxicity.

scholarly journals The effect of uncooked and roll-dried wheat starch, alone and mixed in equal quantity with sucrose, on dental caries in the albino rat

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Green ◽  
R. L. Hartles
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

1. Eighty weanling albino rats, five from each of sixteen litters were distributed between five dietary groups in sixteen randomized blocks. Each block was formed from within a litter and each animal in the block received a different diet.2. The main features of the diets were: group 1, 72% sucrose; group 2, 72% uncooked wheat starch; group 3, 72% roll-dried wheat starch; group 4, 36% sucrose and 36% uncooked starch; group 5, 36% sucrose and 36% roll-dried starch.3. The rats were killed after 20 days on the diets and assessed for dental caries. The rats consuming diets containing sucrose (groups 1, 4 and 5) had significantly more caries than animals receiving diets in which starch was the sole carbohydrate. The diet containing roll-dried wheat starch produced significantly more caries than uncooked starch. The mixture of uncooked starch and sucrose was more cariogenic than the mixture of roll-dried starch and sucrose.

scholarly journals An experimental study on effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on ischemia-reperfusion injury in testis

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eray Kemahli ◽  
Mevlüt Yildiz ◽  
Tülin Firat ◽  
Mehmet Emin Ӧzyalvaçlı ◽  
Uğur Üyetürk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the histopathological and biochemical effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an antioxidant and inhibitor of NF-kβ, on ischemiareperfusion injury in rats.Methods: A total of 21 male Wistar-Albino rats were randomly distributed into three groups as sham group (Group 1), ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group (Group 2) and I/R with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC) group (Group 3). Left testicles of rats in Groups 2 and 3 underwent testicular torsion of 720° for four hours and 100 mg/kg of PDTC was administered intraperitoneally prior to detorsion in Group 3. An hour after detorsion process, left orchiectomies were performed and 5 ml of intracardiac blood samples were drawn from rats in all three groups. Histopathological examination of testis tissues performed and measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in blood samples were taken.Results: Elevated levels of MDA and decreased SOD activity, together with decreased Johnson tubular biopsy scores consistent with I/R injury were observed in Group 2 (p<0.05). Group 1 and Group 3 were similar in terms of MDA levels, SOD activity, and Johnson scores (p>0.05).Conclusions: Our results indicated that PDTC may have beneficial effects for alleviation of I/R injury in testicular tissue in rats. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and exploration of its diagnostic and therapeutic potential requires further randomized, controlled trials on a larger scale.

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