scholarly journals Non Concurrent Multimodal Stress Decreases Sperm Quality and Motor Activity in Male Wister Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1505-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothi Ashok Kumar ◽  
Thotakura Balaji ◽  
C. Swathi Priyadarshini ◽  
Manickam Subramanian ◽  
Indumathi Sundaramurthi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
The Impact

Every human being is exposed to the stress in one or the other form in the day to day life. Most of the existing studies on the impact of stress on the male reproduction were assessed by using single stressor, which may lead habituation to that stressor. The present study intends to estimate the consequence of stress on motor activity, sperm quality and histopathology of the testis in stress-induced male rats using multimodal stress one per day. Four weeks old Wister albino rats were randomly split into 4 groups and induced multimodal stress at different ages of life span. After induction of stress serum corticosterone levels, muscle strength and coordination, quality of sperm and histopathology of testes were estimated. Elevated serum corticosterone levels and body weight, reduced muscle strength, coordination. Sperm concentration and motility was significantly reduced and increased morphologically abnormal sperm in stress induced animals but sperm viability was not altered much. Histopathology of testes in stress received animals showed decreased tubular diameter and increased intertubular space. Multimodal stress caused elevated serum corticosterone and body weight, decreased motor activity, sperm quality and degenerative changes in the testis

scholarly journals Impact of Water and Alcoholic Plant Extracts of Hypericum perforatum on Histological and Some Physiological Features in the Liver of Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Aziz Khalid Hameed ◽  
Muna Salah Rashid ◽  
Bashaer K. Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Animal House ◽  
The Impact

Hypericum perforatum, which is known as St. John’s wort (SJW), is a leafy herb that grows in the open areas of the temperate regions throughout the world. Recent research suggests the effectiveness of this plant in treating some diseases, such as cancer, bacterial and viral diseases, and some inflammation-related disorders, and as a neuroprotective agent and an antioxidant. The current study aimed to investigate the Impact of water and alcoholic plant extracts of H. perforatum on histological and some physiological features in the liver of albino rats. 21 male rats were used in the current study. They were divided into groups; each group contains 7 members of animals. The animals were raised a month ago in the animal house before conducting the study to ensure their suitability to the environment of the animal house. Before the start of the study, an appropriate amount of animal blood was obtained through the caudate vein of rats, in order to evaluate the variables of the physiological study before starting treatment with plant extracts. One of the groups (Group 1) was used as a standard control group, receiving only standard water and feed. The other group (Group 2) was treated with St. John's water extract at a concentration of 300 mg/kg/body weight, while the last group (Group 3) was treated with St. John's alcoholic plant extract at a concentration of 300 mg/kg/body weight. Aqueous and alcoholic plant extract were prepared for H. perforatum. Histological slides were prepared from the liver of each group of the study as well as, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were evaluated for the rates in each group. Histological examination shows the presence of necrosis in various stages and the presence of Foamy Cells and the occurrence of infiltration of a number of inflammatory cells within the tissue as well as the occurrence of congestion in the central vein and hemorrhage spread throughout the rest of the tissue. We also note the occurrence of necrosis and desquamation of the central vein lining and infiltration of some inflammatory cells in some areas. The effect of treatments on the aminotransferases (AST, ALT) enzymes and the ALP, where appeared as a significant increase of 0.05 in their concentration when comparing the concentrations of each groups before and after treatment with plant extracts. We can conclude that H. perforatum aqueous and alcoholic plant extract can causes mild damages on liver histological features that can be reflected on livers physiological states generally and on the ALT, AST and ALP enzymes specifically.

scholarly journals Neurotoxic Effect of Fipronil in Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effect of L-Arginine and L-Carnitine

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Yasmina K. Mahmoud ◽  
Ahmed A. Ali ◽  
Heba M. A. Abdelrazek ◽  
Tahany Saleh Aldayel ◽  
Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

The ameliorative effect of L-arginine (LA) and L-carnitine (LC) against fipronil (FPN)-induced neurotoxicity was explored. In this case, 36 adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups: group I received distilled water, group II received 500 mg/kg LA, group III received 100 mg/kg LC, group IV received 4.85 mg/kg FPN, group V received 4.85 mg/kg FPN and 500 mg/kg LA and group VI received 4.85 mg/kg FPN and 100 mg/kg LC for 6 weeks. Cognitive performance was assessed using Barnes maze (BM). Serum corticosterone, brain total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and dopamine were measured. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of ionized calcium-binding adaptor (Iba-1), doublecortin (DCX) and serotonin (S-2A) receptors were performed. Fipronil induced noticeable deterioration in spatial learning and memory performance. In addition, FPN significantly (p < 0.05) diminished brain antioxidant defense system and dopamine coincide with elevated serum corticosterone level. Histopathological examination revealed degenerative and necrotic changes. Furthermore, Iba-1 and DCX were significantly expressed in cortex and hippocampus whereas S-2A receptors were significantly lowered in FPN group. However, administration of LA or LC alleviated FPN-induced deteriorations. In conclusion, LA and LC could be prospective candidates for mitigation of FPN-induced neurotoxicity via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuropotentiating effects.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus lesions do not prevent anorectic effect of exercise in male rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. R579-R584 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rivest ◽  
D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The effects of a hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) lesion on energy balance were investigated in exercise-trained rats. Male Wistar rats weighing initially 250 g were divided into four groups. Two groups of rats underwent a bilateral PVN lesion, whereas the two remaining groups were sham operated. The PVN lesions were done electrolytically. One group from each surgical treatment was exercised, while the other group was kept in sedentary conditions. Rats were exercised on a rodent motor-driven treadmill at moderate intensity, 1 h/day for 21 consecutive days. Food intake and body weight were measured each day during the study. At the end of the treatment period, rats were killed, and carcasses were analyzed for their energy content. Serum corticosterone was measured by a competitive protein-binding assay. Energy gain and energy intake were lower in exercised rats than in sedentary controls, regardless of whether they were sham or PVN lesioned. Concurrently, there was no difference in the energy gain between PVN-lesioned and sham-operated rats, despite the fact that PVN-lesioned rats ended the experiment with a larger body weight than the sham-lesioned animals. Serum corticosterone levels were lower in PVN-lesioned rats than in sham-lesioned rats. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the PVN, the hypothalamic nucleus predominantly controlling the pituitary-adrenal axis activity, is not a prominent structure in the regulation of energy balance in exercised male Wistar rats.

Protective effect of febuxostat in sepsis-induced liver and kidney injuries after cecal ligation and puncture with the impact of xanthine oxidase, interleukin 1β, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 906-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
YF Ibrahim ◽  
RR Fadl ◽  
SAE Ibrahim ◽  
MF Gayyed ◽  
AMA Bayoumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cecal Ligation And Puncture ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Impact

Sepsis is one of the most common causes of death among hospitalized patients. Activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), a reactive oxygen species-producing enzyme, is known to be elevated in septic patients. Our aim was to investigate the possible protective role of XO inhibitor, febuxostat (FEB), in a rat model of sepsis-induced liver and kidney injures. Adult male albino rats were divided into four groups ( n = 12 each): sham control, sham + FEB, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and CLP + FEB groups. FEB (10 mg/kg per os (p.o.)) was given once daily for 2 days and 30 min prior to laparotomy with CLP. CLP was associated with a high mortality rate accompanied by significant liver and kidney injuries indicated by elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine levels and confirmed by histopathological tissue injury. Moreover, there was an increase in neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, uric acid, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels and with decreased superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity. In addition, CLP caused increased expression of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta protein levels, and nuclear factor kappa B immunoexpression. Finally, CLP operated rats exhibited an upregulation in the apoptotic mediators, caspase 3, and P-C-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) proteins. FEB treatment of CLP rats caused a significant improvement and normalization in all measured parameters. Moreover, FEB amerliorates degenerative histopathological changes and improves the overall survival rate. In conclusion, FEB exhibited a protective effect in sepsis-induced liver and kidney injuries most probably through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties and attenuating JNK signaling pathway secondary to its XO enzyme inhibitory activity.

scholarly journals Effects of edible fats and oils on the body weight gain and on weights of some selected organs in rats removing the impact of unequal feed intake

1970 ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
N Ahmad ◽  
S Majumder ◽  
MA Miah ◽  
MJ Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Edible Fats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

An investigation on Long Evans male rats fed with different edible fats and oils was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during a period of 7 weeks (1st April to 19th May, 2005) to determine and to compare the effect of feeds on body weight gain and on weights of some selected organs (heart, liver and kidney) removing the impact of unequal feed intake. A total of 20, six-week old male rats were randomly divided into A, B, C and D groups. Each group consisted of 5 rats. Rats were fed rat pellets purchased from ICDDR,B, Dhaka supplemented with beef fat in group A, fish fat in group B and soybean oil in group C while group D was considered as control and fed only with rat pellets. The concentration of fats and oils were 7% of normal diet and fed for 7 weeks. The highest weekly mean body weight gain (19.90g) adjusted for unequal feed intake was achieved by the rats of beef fat supplemented group A, followed by the rats of soybean oil supplemented group C (19.76g) and fish fat supplemented group B (15.67g). But none of the adjusted means of weekly body weight gain differed significantly (p > 0.05) from the control. Insignificant increases in heart weight were recorded in all treated rats and the maximum weight was in fish oil treated ones. Not much differences were recorded in the kidney weights rather beef oil treated rats' kidney had the lowest mean weight. A significantly (p < 0.01) higher liver weight was recorded in group B & C compared to control (group D), though the differences between A & D were insignificant. It could be concluded that fats and oils are harmful for the rat's body especially on liver and heart. Key words: Edible fats and oils, rat, body weight, organ weight, analysis of variance, covariance DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1326 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 107-110

scholarly journals The Effect of Eurycoma longifolia on Sperm Quality of Male Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kit-Lam Chan ◽  
Bin-Seng Low ◽  
Chin-Hoe Teh ◽  
Prashanta K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Meoh Extract ◽  
Plasma Testosterone Level ◽  
Etoac Fraction

The present study investigated the effects of a standardized methanol extract of E. longifolia Jack containing the major quassinoid constituents of 13α(21)-epoxyeurycomanone (1), eurycomanone (2), 13α,21-dihydroeurycomanone (3) and eurycomanol (4) on the epididymal spermatozoa profile of normal and Andrographis paniculata induced infertile rats. The standardized MeOH extract at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, the EtOAc fraction (70 mg/kg), and standardized MeOH extract at 200 mg/kg co-administered with the EtOAc fraction of A. paniculata at 70 mg/kg were each given orally to male Sprague-Dawley albino rats for 48 consecutive days. The spermatozoa count, morphology, motility, plasma testosterone level and Leydig cell count of the animals were statistically analyzed by ANOVA with a post-hoc Tukey HSD test. The results showed that the sperm count of rats given the standardized MeOH extract alone at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were increased by 78.9, 94.3 and 99.2 %, respectively when compared with that of control (p < 0.01). The low count, poor motility and abnormal morphology of the spermatozoa induced by the A. paniculata fraction were significantly reversed by the standardized MeOH extract of E. longifolia (p < 0.001). The plasma testosterone level of the rats treated with the standardized MeOH extract at 200 mg/kg was significantly increased (p < 0.01) when compared with that of the control and infertile animals. The spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubules and the Leydig cells appeared normal. Testosterone level was significantly higher in the testes (p < 0.01) than in the plasma after 30 days of oral treatment with the standardized MeOH extract. Interestingly, eurycomanone (2) alone was detected in the rat testis homogenates by HPLC-UV and confirmed by LC/MS, and may have contributed towards the improvement of sperm quality. Thus, the plant may potentially be suitable for the management of male infertility.

scholarly journals Biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidney in male Wistar albino rats following exposure to Solignum®: a permethrincontaining wood preservative

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu ◽  
Iniobong A. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

The present investigation was aimed to determine the effect of sub-chronic exposure to Solignum<sup>®</sup>, a permethrin-containing wood preservative on biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidneys of male Wistar albino rats. Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into four groups: control and three treatment concentrations containing 8 rats each. The treatment groups were exposed to Solignum<sup>®</sup> at dose rates of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) respectively per day orally for four weeks. Data obtained from the study showed a progressive increase in the body weight of rats in control whereas, rats treated with different concentrations (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW) of Solignum<sup>®</sup> decreased significantly (≤0.05) especially at the end of the second and fourth week when compared with control. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in the relative liver weights of rats treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg BW Solignum<sup>®</sup> while rats treated with 400 mg/kg BW showed a significant increase when compared with control. The relative weight of kidneys in experimental groups increased significantly when compared with control. Biochemical analysis results illustrated that there was a significant increase in marker enzymes namely alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity at the end of the fourth week. Similarly, total bilirubin, serum urea, creatinine and electrolytes (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup>) levels increased in a dose dependent manner in treated rats when compared with untreated control group. Serum total protein decreased significantly in experimental rats when compared with control. However, cholesterol and triglycerides showed no significant difference when compared with control. Histopathological examination of hepatocytes in treated rats was characterized by mild periportal inflammatory cells and cytoplasmic degeneration. Furthermore, histopathological examination of rat kidneys revealed inflammatory cells, congested vessel and interstitial hemorrhage in rats treated with Solignum<sup>®</sup>. Therefore, this present study is aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potentials associated with sub-chronic exposure to the commercial pesticide Solignum<sup>®</sup>.

scholarly journals Nephroprotective acitvity of Amomum subulatum seeds against cypermethrin induced nephrotoxicity in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Goutham Sagarkatte Puttanna ◽  
◽  
Swarnalatha Nayak ◽  
Mundugaru Ravi ◽  
B Ravishankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Amomum Subulatum

The objective of the present study was to evaluate nephroprotective activity of Amomum subulatum seed extract against Cypermethrin induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. The animals were divided into five different groups consisting of six rats each. Except normal control and test drug alone group, all the rats were treated with Cypermethrin 25g/kg body weight orally for 28 consecutive days and test group IV & V (ASSE 200 & 400mg/kg body weight) were co administered with Cypermethrin orally for 28 consecutive days. On the 28th haematalogical, biochemical and histopathalogical parameters were estimated. The chronic administration of Cypermethrin caused significant elevation in the serum creatinine and urea level and increased lipid peroxidation in the kidney tissue homogenate as compared to normal control. The histological examination of kidney tissues revealed mild fatty changes especially in the sub capsular region in sections, dilatation of glomerulus along with obliteration of periglomerular space and shrinkage of glomerulus was observed. The co administration of test drug significantly attenuated the Cypermethrin induced elevated serum urea and creatinine and lipid peroxidation in tissue homogenate. Thus we can conclude the Amomum subulatum seed extract has significant nephroprotective effect and reversed Cypermethrin induced nephrotoxicity.

scholarly journals Combined effect of glyphosphate, saccharin and sodium benzoate on rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
N. M. Tishkina ◽  
A. A. Bohomaz ◽  
P. M. Gavrilin ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
The Impact

Herbicides and food additives are included in many food products for humans. Non-used products or products beyond their expiry date are deposited in places of utilizatioin of solid municipal wastes, where they can take effects on the organisms of mouse-like rodents. Among the herbicides, glyphosphate takes first place in the world for volume of production, and is the most intensely used in agricultural farming. The discussion about negative impact on the organisms of mammals, especially against the background of using various substances and environmental factors, continues. In this study, we determined the combined effect of glyphosphate and food additives on the organism of laboratory animals, which manifested in changes in body weight, condition and indices of mass of the internal organs and blood parameters. Four groups of laboratory male rats were formed, which over 42 days received: unlimited access to clean water; 1% aqueous solution of glyphosate; 1% solution of glyphosphate and 1% solution sodium benzoate; 1% solution of glyphosphate with 1% solution of saccharin. Glyphosphate and glyphosphate with sodium benzoate and saccharin significantly reduced the daily increases in body weight of animals compared to the control group. The studied substances have notable suppressive effect on the immune system and haematopoiesis in general, which is manifested in reduce of relative mass of the thymus and spleen against the background of increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. The inhibition of haematopoiesis is indicated by decrease in the amount of erythrocytes, neurophils and hemoglobin of blood of animals from the experimental groups. The impact on the digestive system of glyphosphate and food additives is indicated by occurance of the effect of “irritation” of mucous membranes, and, as a result, disorders in absorption followed by the disorder in metabolic processes. A dysbalance occurs in enzymic systems of the organism, which is manifested in distrophic processes, especially in the liver parenchyma, indicated by the activity of blood enzymes (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase), total number and ratio of proteins of blood plasma. We determined the impact of glyphosphate and its mixes with benzoate and saccharin on the pancreas, which manifests in severe pancreatitis with steep increase in the level of glucose of blood. The results of the study allow us to state that mixture of glyphosphate and food additives can cause toxic effect in animals and humans, which often contact with herbicides.

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