scholarly journals XSITRAY: A Database for the Detection of Osteoporosis Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Nazia Fathima ◽  
R. Tamilselvi ◽  
M. Parisa Beham
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Early Attempt ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bone Content ◽  
Medical Relevance

In the medical era, health of a bone is accessed by the bone mineral density (BMD) test. Bone fracture risk in the humans are estimated or evaluated by the BMD test. The test statement recognizes the presence of signs of presence of the frequent occurring disease in the bone called as osteoporosis. In the earlier stage, the challenge in the BMD measurement is that traditional x-rays are used with a step wedge made from an aluminum or ivory phantom. At each step of the phantom with the known densities, bone content present is intended by a illustration assessment of the density present in the bone. Effectiveness in the value and feasibility in the X-rays compared to cutting-edge methods divulge the potential for novel medical relevance among the investigators. So it is obligatory to enclose a customary database in X-Ray images for the young bud researchers to capture up the dealings to the advance stage by accurate examination of the medical results of the images. The projected X-Ray database is termed XSITRAY, characterizes an early attempt to offer a group of X-Ray images of Spine, Femur, Clavicle, Extremity & Ankle, Extremity & Hand and Knee bones. The details such as age, gender and unique Id of the patient are interpreted in the database.

Functional Imaging of the Proximal Femur Using Shape Template and a Bone Mineral Density Image

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami P. Väänänen ◽  
Hanna Isaksson ◽  
Jukka S. Jurvelin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Density Image

Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) is generally considered to be the clinical gold standard to diagnose osteoporosis. However, BMD alone is only a moderate predictor of fracture risk. Finite element analyses (FEA) of bone mechanics can contribute to a more accurate prediction of fracture risk (Cody et al. 1999). However, CT imaging is relatively expensive and inflicts larger radiation doses on the patient.

scholarly journals Acquisition of Quasi-Monochromatic Dual-Energy in a Microfocus X-ray Generator and Development of Applied Technology

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Hasegawa ◽  
Masanori Sato
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
Bone Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Filter Thickness

In regenerative medicine, evaluation of bone mineral density using a microfocus X-ray generator could eventually be used to determine the degree of bone tissue regeneration. To evaluate bone mineral density against regenerated bone material, two low-energy X-rays are necessary. Herein, the acquisition of quasi-monochromatic, dual-energy soft X-ray and the subsequent medical application were examined using the K-absorption edges of two types of metal filters (i.e., zirconium and tin) in a microfocus X-ray generator. Investigation of the optimal tube voltage and filter thickness to form a quasi-monochromatic energy spectrum with a single filter revealed that a filter thickness of 0.3 mm results in an optimal monochromatization state. When a dual filter was used, the required filter thickness was 0.3 mm for tin and 0.2 mm for zirconium at a tube voltage of 35 kV. For the medical application, we measured quasi-monochromatic, dual-energy X-rays to evaluate the measurement accuracy of bone mineral density. Using aluminum as a simulated bone sample, a relative error of ≤5% was consistent within the aluminum thickness range of 1–3 mm. These data suggest that a bone mineral density indicator of recycled bone material can be easily obtained with the quasi-monochromatic X-ray technique using a microfocus X-ray generator.

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Network-Based Humerus Segmentation and Application to Bone Mineral Density Estimation from Chest X-ray Images of Critical Infants

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1028
Author(s):  
Yung-Chun Liu ◽  
Yung-Chieh Lin ◽  
Pei-Yin Tsai ◽  
Osuke Iwata ◽  
Chuew-Chuen Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Dice Similarity Coefficient ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray

Measuring bone mineral density (BMD) is important for surveying osteopenia in premature infants. However, the clinical availability of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for standard BMD measurement is very limited, and it is not a practical technique for critically premature infants. Developing alternative approaches for DEXA might improve clinical care for bone health. This study aimed to measure the BMD of premature infants via routine chest X-rays in the intensive care unit. A convolutional neural network (CNN) for humeral segmentation and quantification of BMD with calibration phantoms (QRM-DEXA) and soft tissue correction were developed. There were 210 X-rays of premature infants evaluated by this system, with an average Dice similarity coefficient value of 97.81% for humeral segmentation. The estimated humerus BMDs (g/cm3; mean ± standard) were 0.32 ± 0.06, 0.37 ± 0.06, and 0.32 ± 0.09, respectively, for the upper, middle, and bottom parts of the left humerus for the enrolled infants. To our knowledge, this is the first pilot study to apply a CNN model to humerus segmentation and to measure BMD in preterm infants. These preliminary results may accelerate the progress of BMD research in critical medicine and assist with nutritional care in premature infants.

scholarly journals Impact of degenerative radiographic abnormalities and vertebral fractures on spinal bone density of women with osteoporosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia Costa Paiva ◽  
Silvana Filardi ◽  
Aarão Mendes Pinto-Neto ◽  
Adil Samara ◽  
João Francisco Marques Neto
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Mean

CONTEXT: Measurements of bone density taken by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry are the most accurate procedure for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. This procedure has the disadvantage of measuring the density of all mineral components, including osteophytes, vascular and extra vertebral calcifications. These alterations can influence bone density results and densitometry interpretation. OBJECTIVE: To correlate radiography and densitometry findings from women with osteoporosis, analyzing the influence of degenerative processes and vertebral fractures on the evaluation of bone density. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Osteoporosis outpatients' clinic at Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-six postmenopausal women presenting osteoporosis diagnosed by bone density. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured by the technique of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, using a LUNAR-DPX densitometer. Fractures, osteophytes and aortic calcifications were evaluated by simple x-rays of the thoracic and lumbar spine. RESULTS: The x-rays confirmed vertebral fractures in 41.6%, osteophytes in 33.3% and calcifications of the aorta in 30.2%. The prevalence of fractures and aortic calcifications increased with age. The mean bone mineral density was 0.783g/cm² and the mean T-score was --3.47 DP. Neither fractures nor aortic calcifications had significant influence on bone mineral density (P = 0.36 and P = 0.09, respectively), despite the fractured vertebrae having greater bone mineral density (P < 0.02). Patients with lumbar spine osteophytes showed greater bone mineral density (P = 0.04). Osteophytosis was associated with lumbar spine bone mineral density after adjustment for fractures and aortic calcifications by multiple regression (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Osteophytes and lumbar spine fractures can overestimate bone density interpretation. The interpretation of densitometry results should be carried out together with the interpretation of a simple lumbar spine x-ray in elderly women.

scholarly journals Bone Health in Type 1 Diabetes: Where We Are Now and How We Should Proceed

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volha V. Zhukouskaya ◽  
Alla P. Shepelkevich ◽  
Iacopo Chiodini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is autoimmune disease with chronic hyperglycaemic state. Besides diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, T1D is characterized by poor bone health. The reduced bone mineralization and quality/strength, due to hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, autoimmune inflammation, low levels of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and vitamin D, lead to vertebral/hip fractures. Young age of T1D manifestation, chronic poor glycemic control, high daily insulin dose, low BMI, reduced renal function, and the presence of complications can be helpful in identifying T1D patients at risk of reduced bone mineral density. Although risk factors for fracture risk are still unknown, chronic poor glycemic control and presence of diabetic complications might raise the suspicion of elevated fracture risk in T1D. In the presence of the risk factors, the assessment of bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the search of asymptomatic vertebral fracture by lateral X-ray radiography of thorax-lumbar spine should be recommended. The improvement of glycemic control may have a beneficial effect on bone in T1D. Several experiments showed promising results on using anabolic pharmacological agents (recombinant IGF-1 and parathyroid hormone) in diabetic rodents with bone disorder. Randomized clinical trials are needed in order to test the possible use of bone anabolic therapies in humans with T1D.

Importance of bone mineral density measurements in evaluating fragility bone fracture risk in Asian Indian men

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kuruvilla ◽  
A. M. Kenny ◽  
L. G. Raisz ◽  
J. E. Kerstetter ◽  
R. S. Feinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Asian Indian ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Indian Men

scholarly journals Early Metacarpal Bone Mineral Density Loss Using Digital X-Ray Radiogrammetry and 3-Tesla Wrist MRI in Established Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Longitudinal One-Year Observational Study

Arthritis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshul Rastogi ◽  
Jakob Algulin ◽  
Pamela Mangat ◽  
Adrian K. P. Lim ◽  
Keshthra Satchithananda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Density Loss ◽  
X Ray ◽  
One Year

Objectives. Early change in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by periarticular osteopenia. We investigated the relationship of early metacarpal digital X-ray radiogrammetry bone mineral density (DXR-BMD) change rate (RC-BMD, mg/cm2/month) to longitudinal changes in hand and feet radiographic and wrist MRI scores over 1 year. Materials and Methods. 10 RA patients completed the study and had wrist 3T-MRI and hand and feet X-rays at various time points over 1 year. MRI was scored by RAMRIS, X-ray was done by van der Heijde modified Sharp scoring, and RC-BMD was analysed using dxr-online. Results. There was good correlation amongst the two scorers for MRI measures and ICC for erosions: 0.984, BME: 0.943, and synovitis: 0.657. Strong relationships were observed between RC-BMD at 12-week and 1-year change in wrist marrow oedema (BME) (r=0.78, P=0.035) but not with erosion, synovitis, or radiographic scores. Conclusion. Early RC-BMD correlates with 1-year wrist BME change, which is a known predictor of future erosion and joint damage. However, in our pilot study, early RC-BMD did not show relationships to MRI erosion or radiographic changes over 1 year. This may reflect a slower kinetic in the appearance of MRI/radiographic erosions, generating the hypothesis that RC-BMD may be a more sensitive and early structural prognostic marker in RA follow-up.

Fracture risk among men, in relation to osteopenia and osteoporosis defined by areal bone mineral density

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Pasco ◽  
Stephen Lane ◽  
Sharon Brennan ◽  
Elizabeth Timney ◽  
Gosia Bucki-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density
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