scholarly journals Parameterization of SSM Model to Analyze Wheat Growth and Yield Potential Under Pakdasht Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1913-1926
Author(s):  
Hamed Azad ◽  
Gholam Abbas Akbar ◽  
Gholam Ali Akbari ◽  
Elias Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Growth And Aging

Simulation models of crops are used for experimental and complementary research on field projects. These models are also useful for interpreting the results and examining agricultural systems under different environmental and management conditions. The aim of this study was to describe a model for wheat (SSM), guarantee wheat cultivars in a genetic discussion in the Pakdasht environment, and present the results of its evaluation. The model of phenological stages, growth, and aging of leaf area and the production and distribution of dry matter simulates water function and balance. The SSM model simulates the growth stages of the plant in response to environmental factors, heat, and the ability to access solar radiation. In order to evaluate the SSM model, field experiment data of two wheat cultivars—SW and Pishtaz—were used as factorial, based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. Subsequently, the parameters were evaluated, the model was tested in accordance with independent data, and the results indicate its acceptance for the main aspects of crops compared to the observed experiments—for example, for SW, we have 1830 GDD to 2310 GDD from pollination to treatment and extinction factor in Pishtaz is 0.71 and PLAPOW coefficient is 1.6484±.063, which can finally be used to simulate these figures.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOME AMINO ACIDS ON TILLERING AND YIELD OF THREE BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baqir & Al-Naqeeb
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Engineering Sciences

 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of some amino acids on tillering and grain yield of bread wheat cultivars. A field experiment was carried out at the agricultural experiment station, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during the two winter seasons, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. Randomized Complete Block Design within split plots arrangement was used in three replicates. The experiment included two factors, the first (main plots) was the wheat cultivars (IPA 99, Buhooth 22, and Abu-Graib3) and the second (sub-plots) was foliar application three amino acids (L-Tryptophan, L-Glycine, and L-Lysine) with concentrations 50 and 100 mg L-1 and the amino acid L-Cystine at 100 and 150 mg L-1 and control treatment. The treatments of foliar application were applied during two growth stages, the first was when the main stem had three leaves (ZGS: 13) and the second was when the plant entered the flowering stage (ZGS: 60). Results showed the significant superiority of Buhooth 22 in most growth traits, which produced the highest number of tillers.m-2 (556.30 and 568.15 tillers m-2), number of spikes (476.74 and 494.19 spikes m-2), weight of 1000 grains (31.09 and 32.43 g), and grain yield (5.39 and 5.15 Mg ha-1) for the two seasons respectively. The treatment of foliar application L-Tryptophan at 50 mg L-1 was significantly superior in most traits of yield components which produced the highest values of the number of tillers (616.89 and 627.78 tillers m-2), number of spikes (477.00 and 944.67 spikes m-2), weight of 1000 grains (32.01 and 33.55g), and grain yield (5.77 and 5.33Mg ha-1) in the two seasons, respectively. The response of wheat cultivar growth and yield to amino acids differed significantly.      

scholarly journals GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT IN RESPONSE TO SEED VIGOR AND SOWING DENSITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-899
Author(s):  
JULIA ABATI ◽  
CRISTIAN RAFAEL BRZEZINSKI ◽  
CLAUDEMIR ZUCARELI ◽  
JOSÉ SALVADOR SIMONETI FOLONI ◽  
FERNANDO AUGUSTO HENNING
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Viable Seeds

ABSTRACT In wheat crops, it is often observed that the number of plants per area is lower than that of viable seeds used, which may be related to both environmental conditions and seed vigor. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of seed vigor level at different sowing densities on growth, development, and grain yield in wheat cultivars. The experiments were conducted in Londrina and Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, under a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replications. Two seed vigor levels (high and low), two sowing densities (200 and 400 viable seeds per m2), and three wheat cultivars (BRS Sabiá, BRS Gaivota, and BRS Gralha Azul) were assessed. In order to assess growth and development, plant samples were collected at the phenological stages of seedling growth, stem elongation, booting, and ear emergence. We assessed the emergence of seedlings, height and dry matter of plant shoot, and grain yield. The sowing density of 200 seeds per m2 led to a higher shoot dry matter production per plant at the stages booting and ear emergence. The cultivar BRS Sabiá presented the highest grain yield in Londrina, while BRS Sabiá and BRS Gralha Azul presented the highest grain yield in Ponta Grossa. High vigor seeds favor stand establishment, growth and development of plants at early phenological stages, and grain yield of wheat.

Impact of salt-induced toxicity on growth and yield-potential of local wheat cultivars: oxidative stress and ion toxicity are among the major determinants of salt-tolerant capacity

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nurealam Siddiqui ◽  
Mohammad Golam Mostofa ◽  
Mst. Mahmuda Akter ◽  
Ashish Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Md. Abu Sayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Ion Toxicity

scholarly journals Growth and yield of common bean cultivars at two soil phosphorus levels under biological nitrogen fixation

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADELSON PAULO ARAÚJO ◽  
MARCELO GRANDI TEIXEIRA ◽  
DEJAIR LOPES DE ALMEIDA
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Biological N2 Fixation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
P Supply

The genotypic differences on growth and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in response to P supply were evaluated in a field experiment under biological N2 fixation. Eight cultivars were grown at two levels of applied P (12 and 50 kg ha-1 of P -- P1 and P2 respectively), in randomized block design in factorial arrangement. Vegetative biomass was sampled at three ontogenetic stages. The effects of genotype and phosphorus were significant for most traits, but not the genotype ´ phosphorus interaction. The cultivars presented different patterns of biomass production and nutrient accumulation, particularly on root system. At P1, P accumulation persisted after the beginning of pod filling, and P translocation from roots to shoots was lower. The nodule senescence observed after flowering might have reduced N2 fixation during pod filling. The responses of vegetative growth to the higher P supply did not reflect with the same magnitude on yield, which increased only 6% at P2; hence the harvest index was lower at P2. The cultivars with highest yields also presented lower grain P concentrations. A sub-optimal supply of N could have limited the expression of the yield potential of cultivars, reducing the genotypic variability of responses to P levels.

scholarly journals The Effect of Irrigation Intervals on the Growth and Yield of Quinoa Crop and Its Components

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. Algosaibi ◽  
Ayman E. Badran ◽  
Abdulrahman M. Almadini ◽  
Mohammed M. El-Garawany
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Index Number

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation intervals on growth, yield and its components and some of the chemical characteristics of the soil after the harvest of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd) plant. Three treatments were used as follow: T1 (twice irrigation every week, which is the common in the region), T2 (once irrigation every week) and T3 (twice irrigation every two weeks) using in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The crop coefficient (Kc) value differed according to the stage of growth where the results showed that the T2 treatment gave the highest mean in all the studied traits followed by the T3 treatment in all traits except the number of seed/m2. The results also confirmed that the increase in water reduced the agronomic traits such as harvest index, number of seeds and yield of seeds and straw/m2. Also it showed that the pH values in soils were not significantly affected by irrigation, while Ec significantly affected. Correlation coefficient was negative with the most traits and low with the number of grain (0.34) under overall studied treatments which confirms that quinoa is a plant that needs limited amounts of irrigation water. On the other hand there was positive strong correlation between the harvest index and grain yield (0.92). The results showed that moisture stress treatments increased the concentration of the ionic, NH4-N and NO3-N significantly compared to soils which do not have moisture stress (T1, T2). We assume that the development based on Kc during growth-stages helps in irrigation management and provides precise water applications for quinoa plant. These results indicate that the water requirements of quinoa plant are limited and that quinoa plant growth is not affected by the lack of irrigation water on the crop and its qualities.

scholarly journals Foliar Nitrogen Management for Improving Growth and Yield of Dryland Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
I. Alam ◽  
I. Khan ◽  
M. Kumar ◽  
A. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
N Application ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Foliar N

Abstract Foliar nitrogen (N) application is considered an important factor affecting phenology, growth, yield, and yield components of dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A field experiment was conducted to study effects of foliar N on dryland wheat (cv. Prisabk-2004) at the Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan, during winter 2010-2011. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design using four replications. A plot size of 3 m by 4 m, having 8 rows, 4 m long and 30 cm apart was used. A total of 80 kg N ha−1 in the form of urea was applied. Out of 80 kg N ha−1, 70 kg N ha−1 was applied to the soil at sowing time, and the remaining 10 kg N ha−1 was applied in the form of foliar spray (2% N). The required foliar N was applied in various combinations (splits) at different growth stages viz. 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after emergence (DAE). Phenological development (days to anthesis and physiological maturity) was delayed, yield components and yield increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with foliar N over control (water spray without N). Wheat grain yield increased to the highest level (4427 kg ha−1) when 100 % foliar N was applied (no split) at 90 DAE, followed by 4050 kg ha−1 at 120 DAE, while the control (no foliar N) resulted in the lowest grain yield (2573 kg ha−1). We concluded from this study that 2 % foliar N application in a single split either at 90 or 120 DAE could improve wheat productivity under dryland condition.

scholarly journals Phenological responses of wheat and barley to water and temperature: improving simulation models

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. McMASTER ◽  
W. W. WILHELM
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
General Response

Understanding and predicting small-grain cereal development is becoming increasingly important in enhancing management practices. Recent efforts to improve phenology submodels in crop simulations have focused on incorporating developmental responses to water stress and interpreting and understanding thermal time. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate data from three experiments to (a) determine the qualitative and quantitative response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to water stress and (b) ascertain where in space to measure temperature, to provide information required to improve phenological submodels. The first experiment tested the phenological responses of 12 winter wheat cultivars to water stress for two seasons at two sites. The second experiment tested the timing of water stress on spring barley phenological responses for 2 years. In a third experiment, soil near the shoot apex of field-grown spring wheat was heated to 3°C above ambient soil temperature for three planting dates in each of 2 years, to test whether it is better to use soil or air temperature in calculating thermal time. The general response of wheat and barley to water stress was to reach growth stages earlier (i.e. to hasten development). The most significant response was for the grain filling period. Water stress had little effect on jointing and flag leaf complete/booting growth stages. Thermal time to jointing was highly variable across locations. However, thermal time to subsequent growth stages was very consistent both within and across locations. The winter wheat cultivars tested followed this general response across site-years, but inconsistencies were found, suggesting a complicated genotype by environment (G×E) interaction that makes improving phenology submodels for all cultivars difficult. The G×E interaction was most prominent for anthesis (A) and maturity (M) growth stages. Results of heating the soil at the shoot apex depth were completely unexpected: heating the soil did not speed spring wheat phenological development. These results, and others cited, suggest caution in allocating effort and resources to measuring or estimating soil temperature rather than relying on readily available air temperature as a means of universally improving phenology submodels. These results help quantify the response of wheat to water stress and thermal time for improving crop simulation models and management.

Estimates of relative yield potential and genetic improvement of wheat cultivars in the Mediterranean region

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. SENER ◽  
M. ARSLAN ◽  
Y. SOYSAL ◽  
M. ERAYMAN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Mediterranean

SUMMARYInformation about changes associated with advances in crop productivity is essential for understanding yield-limiting factors and developing new strategies for future breeding programmes. National bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in Turkey have risen by an average of 20·8 kg/ha/year from 1925 to 2006. Annual gain in yield attributable to agronomic and genetic improvement averaged c. 11·6 kg/ha/year prior to 1975, but is now averaging c. 15·1 kg/ha/year. In the Mediterranean region, however, the wheat yield trend line (10·9 kg/ha/year) is c. 0·38 lower than that of Turkey. In order to understand whether such a trend was due to the cultivars released over the years, 16 bread wheat cultivars, commonly grown in the region and representing 23 years of breeding, introduction and selection (from 1976 to 1999), were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replicates across 2 years. Data were collected on maturation time, plant height, spike length, spikelet number/spike, grain number/spike, grain weight/spike, 1000 seed weight, harvest index and grain yield. None of the measured plant traits showed any historical cultivar patterns; therefore, the increase in grain yield could not be attributed to a single yield component. Several physiological traits changed during two decades of cultivar releases in the Mediterranean region that led to a genetic gain in grain yield of about 0·5% per year. Years of data and the present field study in the Mediterranean region suggested that the genetic improvement in wheat seemed inadequate and should be reinforced with modern agricultural management practices as well as technological innovations.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Different Varieties of True Shallot Seed on Highland in West Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Atman ◽  
Irfan Suliansyah ◽  
Aswaldi Anwar ◽  
Syafrimen Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Yield Potential

Cultivation of true shallot seeds has the potential to be developed in Indonesia because apart from being able to reduce the cost of providing seeds, it also has higher productivity than shallot from tubers. This study aims to determine the appearance of true shallot seed varieties that have high yield potential in the highlands of West Sumatra. The study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 treatments of true shallot seed varieties, namely, Trisula, Bima, Lokananta, and Sanren, with 6 replications. The results showed that except for the age of harvest and the number of tubers per hill, the treatment of various varieties of true shallot seeds showed a significant effect on all observed variables. Lokananta variety has better growth component, yield component, and yields compared to other varieties (Trisula, Bima, and Sanren). Cultivation of true shallot seeds in the highlands gives lower yields than in the adapted area (lowland), except for the Trisula variety. Lokananta variety is recommended for use in the highlands of West Sumatra.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.) in Bihar

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Sushil Kumar Yadav ◽  
Dilip Kumar Mahto ◽  
Neha Sinha ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Available N ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference

A field experiment was conducted at Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, Nalanda during summer 2017 to assess the effect of complementary and sole applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of bottle gourd under onion-onion-bottle gourd crop sequence. The experiment consists of seven treatments viz.,T1-Inorganic fertilizers (120 Kg N: 60 Kg P2O5 and 40 Kg K2O); T2-50% NPK through inorganic fertilizer + 50%N through FYM; T3-50% N through FYM + 50% N through VC; T4-1/3 of N through FYM + VC + Neemcake; T5-50% N through FYM + PSB + Azotobactor; T6-T3 + PSB + Azotobactor and T7-T4 + PSB + Azotobactor. These seven treatments were replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. Results revealed that T1-100% NPK through inorganic fertilizer recorded 225.7 q ha-1 fruit yield, which was statistically at par with T2 and T6 producing (211.8 and 209.5 q ha-1). Vine length differed significantly at all the growth stages. T1 recorded maximum vine length (51.8, 370.3 and 464.7 cm) at 30, 60 and 90 DAS, which was significantly higher over T5 at 30 DAS, over T4 and T5 at 60 DAS and over T5 at 90 DAS. Among organics, T6 recorded longest vine, while T5 recorded shortest. No. of branches were found non-significant at 30 DAS but it become significant at 60 and 90 DAS and found significantly highest in T6 over all the treatments. After completion of the cropping system; onion-onion-bottle gourd, soils were subjected to analysis. pH differed significantly, while non-significant difference were observed in EC and soil Org-C. Similarly, available N and P concentration were also found non-significant due to different fertilizer sources, but the concentration of available K differed significantly and found highest in T1 which was at par with T2. T1-100% inorganic fertilizer sources recorded highest gross return, net return and B: C ratio followed by T2. On the basis of result it has been concluded that T2 having 50% NPK through inorganic fertilizer + 50% N through FYM may found suitable for sustainable bottle gourd production as it performed at par with T1 in respect to crop growth and yield.

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