scholarly journals The Contents of Phenol and Flavonoid Compounds in Water Extract of Gyrinops Versteegii Leaves Have Potentially as Natural Antioxidants and Hypoglicemic in Hyperglycemic Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1543-1552
Author(s):  
Adi Parwata ◽  
Laksmiwati Sudiarta ◽  
M. N. Dina ◽  
Sutirta Yasa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Reduce Blood Glucose

Phenols and flavonoids compounds in their activities as antioxidants can reduce blood glucose levels (hypoglycemic) through a mechanism to inhibit cell damage at pancreatic Langerhans gland, inhibit glucose absorption in the intestine and cell resistance to insulin. Preliminary analysis shows that total phenol and flavonoid contens is 2099,5025 mg GAE / 100 g, and 8133,322 mg QE / 100 gram, Antioxidant capacity with IC50 = 12.58 mg / mL. LD50 = 6,355,3536 gram. This results revealad that the water extract of Gyrinops versteegii leaves can be developed as an alternative to natural antioxidant, safe for consumption and can reduce blood glucose in hyperglycemic Wistar rats. The results of the measurement of the effect of decreasing blood glucose content showed that the water extract of Gyrinops versteegii leaves at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg / kgBW significantly (p <0.01) could reduce blood glucose contents in hyperglycemic Wistar rats. The activity of reducing blood glucose levels (hypoglycemic) with oral doses of water extract of Gyrinops versteegii leaves was 100,200 and 400 mg / kgBW was 53.6% (53.6 ± 5.8), 58.9% (58.9 ± 8.6 ) and 75.8% (75.8 ± 1.3). High contents of phenol and flavonoids allegedly a factor that causes water extract of Gyrinops versteegii leaves to reduce blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic Wistar rats.

scholarly journals The Analysis of the Chlorogenic Acid in the Ethanol Fraction of Robusta Coffee Beans and Its Effect on Glucose Levels in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Rusman Hasanuddin ◽  
Jasmiadi Jasmiadi ◽  
Nurliana Abdillah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Ethanol Fraction

Background: The metabolic disorder caused by high blood glucose levels and pancreatic beta-cell damage is known as diabetes mellitus. Indonesia itself is the 7th country in the world with the number of people with diabetes mellitus. Indonesia occupies rank 7 in the world with the number of people with diabetes mellitus. Apart from that, robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L) is one of the most popular drinks globally, including Indonesia. Chlorogenic acid in coffee beans effectively reduces cell damage due to free radicals, including minimizing excessive glucose release from the liver into the blood. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of chlorogenic acid in the ethanolic fraction of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L) beans on blood glucose levels in Wistar rats. Method: The researchers applied an experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The beans of robusta coffee were extracted using the Maceration method and then fractionated using a hexane and ethyl acetate solvent. The concentration of the obtained remaining fraction was measured using a spectrophotometer. Furthermore, hyperglycemia testing included 30 Wistar rats induced with 20% glucose for 3 – 4 weeks. They were then given the ethanol fraction of robusta coffee with a dose of 400 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW. Meanwhile, metformin served as a positive control, and NaCMC served as a negative control. Results: The chlorogenic acid analysis in the ethanol fraction of robusta coffee on a spectrophotometer with a concentration of 37% indicated a decrease of 16.66% on the negative control and 48.06% on the positive control. Meanwhile, the ethanol fraction of each control was 51.53% and 52.16%, respectively. Conclusion: The ethanol fraction of the robusta coffee significantly affects the decrease in blood glucose levels in Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Ingredients of Active Compounds and Anti-Diabetic Test of Water Extract of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt) Merr. On Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Nona Rahmaida Puetri ◽  
Rita Marleta Dewi ◽  
Sahrul ◽  
Yasir ◽  
Munawir Annasri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Lannea Coromandelica ◽  
Sugar Levels

Leaves of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. is one of the plants found in Aceh. This study aims to determine the effect of giving water extract of Lannea coromandellica (Houtt.) Merr. against STZ-induced blood sugar levels of wistar rats. The experimental study used a sample of 25 male and 15 female Wistar rats. This research is experimental with a sample of 25 male and 15 female of Wistar rats. The treatments were given, namely negative control (aquades), positive control (metformin), 50 mg EALC, 100 mg EALC, and 150 mg EALC. The data obtained will be analyzed by using the Kruskal Wallis test to obtain the effectiveness of the treatment and also a descriptive analysis for the average reduction in blood glucose levels. Macro and histological observations were also carried out on the liver and pancreas. The results obtained from the Kruskal Wallis test results showed that there was no effect of EALC on changes in the decrease in blood glucose levels of wistar rats for 14 days of treatment. Observation of the macro organs showed pancreas had a changes. While the histological observations pancreas and liver showed changes. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of EALC is not proven to have an effect, this is presumably because the extract concentration is too small so it is not enough to work optimally. Phytochemical test shows that EALC contains flavonoids, steroids, phenolics, tannins, saponins and alkaloids.

scholarly journals UJI EFEK PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BIJI PETAI CINA (Leucaena leucochepala L) TERHADAP KADAR GULA DARAH TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI DENGAN ALOKSAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesti Utami ◽  
Mona P. Wowor ◽  
Christi Mambo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Reduce Blood Glucose ◽  
Tree Seeds ◽  
Tree Seed

Abstract: Public believes that Lead Tree seeds (Leucaena leucochepala L) as a kind of medicinal plant that have capability of treating a lot of diseases, among them is diabetes. This study aimed to test whether the Lead tree seeds extract can reduce blood glucose levels of Wistar rats (R. norvegicus) which has induced alloxan. The subjects in these research were male wistar rat with total of 18 samples divided into six groups consisting of a negative control group and five groups induced by alloxan with dose 130 mg/kgBW of rat, which can cause wistar rats in hyperglycemic state. Hyperglycemic rats were given lead tree seed extract at a dose of 0,14 mg/200 gBW, 0,3 mg/200 gBW, and 0,6 mg/200 gBW, positive control group was given insulin analogue, and one group was given alloxan. Data obtained from the examination of blood glucose levels in all groups of Wistar rats on day zero, day one and day two every six hours on 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24. The results showed that giving lead tree seed extract does not have the effect to reduce blood glucose levels Wistar rats.Keywords: leucaena leucochepala L., lead tree seed, bood glucose level, alloxanAbstrak: Biji petai cina (Leucaena leucochepala L)diyakini masyarakat sebagai salah satu tanaman obat yang mampu mengobati berbagai penyakit, salah satunya diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah pemberian ekstrak biji petai cina dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus Wistar (R. norvegicus) yang diinduksi aloksan. Subjek penelitian berupa tikus Wistar jantan berjumlah 18 ekor yang dibagi dalam 6 kelompok, terdiri atas satu kelompok kontrol negatif dan lima kelompok tikus Wistar yang diberi aloksan dengan dosis 130 mg/kgBB yang menyebabkan tikus Wistar dalam keadaan hiperglikemik. Tikus hiperglikemik diberi ekstrak biji petai cina dengan dosis 0,14 mg/200 gBB tikus, 0,3 mg/200 gBB tikus, dan 0,6 mg/200 gBB tikus, kelompok kontrol positif diberi analog insulin, dan satu kelompok hanya diberi aloksan. Data diperoleh dari pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah pada semua kelompok tikus Wistar pada hari ke nol, pertama, dan kedua pada jam ke-0, 6, 12, 18, dan 24. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak biji petai tidak mempunyai efek menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus Wistar.Kata kunci: leucaena leucochepala L., biji petai cina, kadar gula darah, aloksan

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Glucose Absorption in the Small Intestine in Health and Metabolic Diseases and Their Role in Appetite Regulation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2474
Author(s):  
Lyudmila V. Gromova ◽  
Serguei O. Fetissov ◽  
Andrey A. Gruzdkov
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption

The worldwide prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes shows an upward trend in recent decades. A characteristic feature of these diseases is hyperglycemia which can be associated with hyperphagia. Absorption of glucose in the small intestine physiologically contributes to the regulation of blood glucose levels, and hence, appears as a putative target for treatment of hyperglycemia. In fact, recent progress in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of glucose absorption in the gut and its reabsorption in the kidney helped to develop a new strategy of diabetes treatment. Changes in blood glucose levels are also involved in regulation of appetite, suggesting that glucose absorption may be relevant to hyperphagia in metabolic diseases. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of glucose absorption in the small intestine in physiological conditions and their alterations in metabolic diseases as well as their relevance to the regulation of appetite. The key role of SGLT1 transporter in intestinal glucose absorption in both physiological conditions and in diabetes was clearly established. We conclude that although inhibition of small intestinal glucose absorption represents a valuable target for the treatment of hyperglycemia, it is not always suitable for the treatment of hyperphagia. In fact, independent regulation of glucose absorption and appetite requires a more complex approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Altered Glucose and Insulin Responses to Brain Medullary Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)-Induced Autonomic Activation in Type 2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (12) ◽  
pp. 5425-5432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ao ◽  
Natalie Toy ◽  
Moon K. Song ◽  
Vay Liang W. Go ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gk Rats ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Autonomic Activation ◽  
Insulin Responses

Insulin secretion is impaired in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The insulin and glucose responses to central autonomic activation induced by excitation of brain medullary TRH receptors were studied in T2D Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Blood glucose levels in normally fed, pentobarbital-anesthetized GK and nondiabetic Wistar rats were 193 and 119 mg/100 ml in males and 214 and 131 mg/100 ml in females. Intracisternal injection (ic) of the stable TRH analog RX 77368 (10 ng) induced significantly higher insulin response in both genders of overnight-fasted GK rats compared with Wistar rats and slightly increased blood glucose in female Wistar rats but significantly decreased it from 193 to 145 mg/100 ml in female GK rats. RX 77368 (50 ng) ic induced markedly greater glucose and relatively weaker insulin responses in male GK rats than Wistar rats. Bilateral vagotomy blocked ic RX 77368-induced insulin secretion, whereas adrenalectomy abolished its hyperglycemic effect. In adrenalectomized male GK but not Wistar rats, ic RX 77368 (50 ng) dramatically increased serum insulin levels by 6.5-fold and decreased blood glucose levels from 154 to 98 mg/100 ml; these changes were prevented by vagotomy. GK rats had higher basal pancreatic insulin II mRNA levels but a lower response to ic RX 77368 (50 ng) compared with Wistar rats. These results indicate that central-vagal activation-induced insulin secretion is susceptible in T2D GK rats. However, the dominant sympathetic-adrenal response to medullary TRH plays a suppressing role on vagal-mediated insulin secretion. This unbalanced vago-sympathetic activation by medullary TRH may contribute to the impaired insulin secretion in T2D.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ekstrak Rebusan Daun Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Rinawati Rinawati ◽  
E Suharyanto ◽  
Nastiti Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Young Leaf ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Adult Leaf ◽  
Reduce Blood Glucose ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Tithonia diversifolia is a plant that has the potential to reduce blood glucose levels that is crucial in Diabetes Mellitus therapy. This study aims to determine the active compounds contained in the extract of T. diversifolia leaves decoction, the effect of decoction extract on the reduction of blood glucose, and the most effective decoction extract to reduce blood glucose levels as well. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the research treatment groups, namely: Kn = normal control (normal mice and not given leaves decoction extract), Ka = STZ control (DM mice, which are normal mice induced by 65mg/Kg of STZ), Kp = treatment control (normal mice given leaf decoction extract) , P1 = DM + mice were given young leaf decoction extract, P2 = DM + mice were given a mixture of young leaf and adult leaf decoction extract, P3 = DM + mice were given adult leaf decoction extract. The leaves used for decoction were 1-6 leaves from the shoots. The analysis of T. diversifolia leaves decoction compounds is using the visible spectrophotometers for tannins, phenols and flavonoids and GC-MS for terpenoid analysis. The result found that Tithonia diversifolia leaves decoction extracts contain tannins, flavonoids and phenols, while terpenoids are not detected. The leaves decoction extracts of T. diversifolia influenced the decreases in blood glucose levels of DM mice, especially the decoction extract of adult leaves which reduced blood glucose levels to 71.16%.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff leaf extraction on blood glucose level in alloxan-induced Wistar rat

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S3) ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
A. Leonoreza ◽  
T. Excelinda ◽  
J. Elnitiarta ◽  
H.S. Heri-Nugroho ◽  
M. Hendrianingtyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that always increasing in prevalence. Excessive glucose intake and oxidative stress that can lead to damage to the pancreatic cell or insulin resistance, are such factors that influence the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff leaf contains active metabolites such as flavonoid which able to decrease free radical levels. This study aimed to prove the effectiveness of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff leaves extract on blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced Wistar rats. In this study, twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. On day 0, the negative control and each treatment group injected with 125 mg/kg dose of alloxan and would be checked on 4th day. On the 4th day after the rats had diabetes, normal group (K-1) was given only standard feed, Negative control (K-2) was given only alloxan intraperitoneally on day 0, first treatment group (K-3) was given 50 mg/kg dose of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff, second treatment group (K-4) was given 100 mg/kg dose of the leaf extract, and the third treatment group (K-5) was given the leaf 200 mg/kg dose of the leaf extract. On the 10th day, fasting blood glucose was taken from the rats. Post-test only group design was used to be the experimental design. There were significant differences in the treatment groups (K-3, K-4, and K-5) compared to the negative control group (K-2) after treatment. The mean of blood glucose levels decreased with the increased doses of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff leaf extract treatment. The treatment groups (K-3, K-4, and K-5) were not significant compared to the normal group (K-1).

scholarly journals Potential of Syzygium polyanthum (Daun Salam) in Lowering Blood Glucose Level: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Salsabeela Mohd Rahim ◽  
Ida Farah Ahmad ◽  
Terence Yew Chin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Herbal Decoction ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption

Syzygium polyanthum is a herb widely used in Malaysia and Indonesia in cuisines. Traditionally, the herbal decoction of S. polyanthum (daun salam) leaves is often used by diabetic patients in Indonesia. Therefore, our objective is to evaluate the scientific evidence available for S. polyanthum in lowering blood glucose levels (BGL). We systematically searched Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, CENTRAL. LILAC and clinicaltrials.gov databases up to 23rd October 2020 using the keywords “Syzygium polyanthum” and “antidiabetic”. From the selected 413 articles, eight studies involving rodents were included. All results showed a significant effect in lowering BGL without any adverse effects. The possible underlying mechanism of action is attributed to inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption and enhancing glucose uptake by the muscles. Chemical families responsible for the effect were determined as flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids. Thus, S. polyanthum leaves showed potential antidiabetic properties, but further research is required to identify the active compounds followed by the safety evaluation of this compound.

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