scholarly journals Surface ModificationTo Reduce Deposition Flux of Spray Dried Noni (Morinda Citrofolia L.) Juice

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 743-750
Author(s):  
Noraziani Zainal Abidin ◽  
Saiful Irwan Zubairi ◽  
Haslaniza Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spray Dried

ABSTRACT: Spray drying is widely spread technique for drying of liquid products especially fruit juices such as noni juice. However, during spray drying of noni juice stickiness problem commonly occurs due to low molecular weight sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose). The aim of the present research was to determine the impact of Teflon surface modification on the yield of spray dried Noni juice and deposition flux. Different exposure time of feed spray was undertaken prior to adhesion flux weight determination. Three different sets of inlet temperature (100 oC, 150 OC and 190 oC) and exposure times (of 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 75 min, 90 min and 115 min) were tested. Samples were evaluated for contact angle, weight of adhesion flux, hygroscopicity and moisture content. There was a sudden increased in deposition flux (p<0.05) as the temperature increased. At 150 and 190°C, the weight of deposition flux was not significant (p>0.05) for both plate materials. The borosilicate plates (BP) registered up to 80% deposit removal whilst Teflon plate (TP) recorded only 20%. Physical observation of the Teflon plates showed that some areas of the plate (100 °C) were fully clear from any particles. Nevertheless, for the borosilicate glass plates, the primary adhered particles tend to retain and smeared along the plates. In addition, there was a substantially negative relationship between the contact angle and adhesion weight, (r = -0,924, p<0.01). The negative connection suggests that by increasing the contact angle, the adhesion weight will decrease and vice versa. The contact angle of the Teflon (PTEFE) surface was approximately 117.2 ± 1.4°, which provided an excellent hydrophobic surface. In this research, the powder with the lowest amount of hygroscopicity was gained at 190 oC using the Teflon plate. For that reason, surface modification was indeed amplified the surface hydrophobicity thus decreasing the deposition flux.

scholarly journals Optimization of Redispersible Spray Dried Powder of Chitosan Coated Solid Lipid-Based Nanosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munawiroh S. Z. ◽  
Lipipun V. ◽  
Ritthidej G. C.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Stability ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Spray Dried

The present work describes the optimization of spray dried powder of solid lipid-based nanosystems to improve drug stability, surface modification and to obtain nanosystems after redispersion. Chitosan coated solid lipid nanoparticles containing bromocriptine mesylate (cBMSLN) were prepared by high pressure homogenization technique following by chitosan addition. For spray drying, response surface methodology with central composite rotatable design was to optimize 3 parameters: inlet temperature, pump rate and feed concentration. From regression analysis, powder yield, moisture content and size of redispersed nanoaggregates as responses were fitted well with linear, quadratic and quadratic equation models, respectively. Spherical powders with size of 4-5 µm and 70% yield were obtained at optimum parameters which were also used to prepare powder of chitosan coated nanostructured lipid carriers containing BM (cBMNLC). Amorphous characteristics were confirmed from powder XRD patterns and DSC chromatograms in all prepared powders. Redispersion of powders yielded nanosystems of some original nanosize and a greater portion of larger size. Smoother surface of NLC systems was observed, so was with chitosan coating. Drug entrapment was >85% but significantly decreased in chitosan coated formulations while drug retention after spray drying showed opposite results. After storage, spray dried powder could retain higher drug content than the original nanosystems. Obviously, NLC systems had better drug stability results than SLN systems. It could be concluded that redispersible spray dried powders of chitosan coated lipid-based nanosystems especially NLC systems were successfully obtained with surface modification, nanoaggregate size range and improved drug stability.Keywords: Solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructure lipid carriers, chitosan, spray drying, optimization, redispersion, bromocriptine mesylate

scholarly journals Freeze versus Spray Drying for Dry Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Extract Formulations: The Impact of Gelatin as a Coating Material

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra A. Jovanović ◽  
Steva M. Lević ◽  
Vladimir B. Pavlovic ◽  
Smilja B. Markovic ◽  
Rada V. Pjanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Coating Agent ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Wild Thyme ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spray Dried

Freeze drying was compared with spray drying regarding feasibility to process wild thyme drug in order to obtain dry formulations at laboratory scale starting from liquid extracts produced by different extraction methods: maceration, heat-, ultrasound-, and microwave-assisted extractions. Higher powder yield (based on the dry weight prior to extraction) was achieved by freeze than spray drying and lower loss of total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) due to the drying process. Gelatin as a coating agent (5% w/w) provided better TPC recovery by 70% in case of lyophilization and higher powder yield in case of spray drying by diminishing material deposition on the wall of the drying chamber. The resulting gelatin-free and gelatin-containing powders carried polyphenols in amount ~190 and 53-75 mg gallic acid equivalents GAE/g of powder, respectively. Microwave-assisted extract formulation distinguished from others by higher content of polyphenols, proteins and sugars, higher bulk density and lower solubility. The type of the drying process affected mainly position of the gelatin-derived -OH and amide bands in FTIR spectra. Spray dried formulations compared to freeze dried expressed higher thermal stability as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis and higher diffusion coefficient; the last feature can be associated with the lower specific surface area of irregularly shaped freeze-dried particles (151-223 &micro;m) compared to small microspheres (~8 &micro;m) in spray-dried powder.

scholarly journals Optimization of Spray Drying Condition of Asparagus Powder Using Response Surface Methodology (P17-003-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiseon Park ◽  
Soon Bae Kwon ◽  
Hye Jeong Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Absorption Index ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Spray Dried

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate optimization of spray drying conditions for water-soluble powder using response surface methodology that is a statistical procedure used for optimization studies. Methods First, conditions of the extract used for spray drying were set. We compared heat water extraction (60–100 °C) with ethanol extraction (10–50%). After final selection of the method of extract used for spray drying, spray drying conditions were set. Independent variables included the additive contents of maltodextrin (X1), inlet temperature (X2), and air flow rate (X3). The dependent variables were yield, water absorption index (WAI) and total phenolic compounds. Results The yield was highest in 100 °C heat water extraction. The content of rutin was 29.77 mg/100 g in 90 °C heat water extraction, 28.07 mg/100 g in 100 °C heat water extraction and 24.24 mg/100 g in 10% ethanol extraction. The heat water extraction method at 100 °C was selected as an extract of the spray dryer. Statistical analysis revealed that independent variables significantly affected all the responses. A maximum yield was obtained at 15.55% of X1, 167.87 °C of X2 and 50.00 mL/min of X3. The water absorption index of asparagus increased with increasing MD ratio (X1), higher inlet temperature (X2) and higher air flow rate (X3). The total polyphenol contents of asparagus were higher when the MD addition ratio (X1) was 16.56%, the inlet temperature (X2) was higher and the air flow rate (X3) was higher. Conclusions In this study, extracts of asparagus using different extraction methods were compared for yield and spray-dried asparagus powders were investigated for their physicochemical characteristics. We were vary the range of the temperature, air flow rate, dextrin rate and set the best method for the functionality content of asparagus. Asparagus was spray - dried using 100 °C water extraction with high yield and high rutin content. The maximum spray drying yield was obtained at 15.55% of MD ratio, 167.87 °C of inlet temperature and 50.00 mL/min of air flow rate. There will be additional processed goods development made with what we have found. Funding Sources This study was supported by 2018 Regional Specialized Technology Development Project, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals The Relative Importance of Shear Forces and Surface Hydrophobicity on Biofilm Formation by Coccoid Cyanobacteria

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara I. Faria ◽  
Rita Teixeira-Santos ◽  
Maria J. Romeu ◽  
João Morais ◽  
Vitor Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Lower Shear ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the conditions affecting cyanobacterial biofilm development is crucial to develop new antibiofouling strategies and decrease the economic and environmental impact of biofilms in marine settings. In this study, we investigated the relative importance of shear forces and surface hydrophobicity on biofilm development by two coccoid cyanobacteria with different biofilm formation capacities. The strong biofilm-forming Synechocystis salina was used along with the weaker biofilm-forming Cyanobium sp. Biofilms were developed in defined hydrodynamic conditions using glass (a model hydrophilic surface) and a polymeric epoxy coating (a hydrophobic surface) as substrates. Biofilms developed in both surfaces at lower shear conditions contained a higher number of cells and presented higher values for wet weight, thickness, and chlorophyll a content. The impact of hydrodynamics on biofilm development was generally stronger than the impact of surface hydrophobicity, but a combined effect of these two parameters strongly affected biofilm formation for the weaker biofilm-producing organism. The antibiofilm performance of the polymeric coating was confirmed at the hydrodynamic conditions prevailing in ports. Shear forces were shown to have a profound impact on biofilm development in marine settings regardless of the fouling capacity of the existing flora and the hydrophobicity of the surface.

Hydrophobic Performance of Core/Shell Nanoarrays Modified by Stearic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
Hongxing Han ◽  
Lin Pan ◽  
Manying Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Zhifeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Angle Measurements

In this paper, we successfully prepare hydrophobic surface of ZnO/ZnS nanorods arrays modified by stearic acid. The morphology, microstructure, optical transmittance and self-cleaning property are examined by SEM, XRD, UV-vis and water contact angle measurements, respectively. The ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanoarrays shows a higher value of water contact angle in compare with that of pure ZnO nanorods arrays. After treatment by stearic acid, the resulting ZnO/ZnS nanostructure exhibits the best hydrophobicity with water droplets about 146.5 . The results show that the surface hydrophobicity of ZnO/ZnS nanoarrays can be improved by using stearic acid with low-surface-energy.

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Fe3Si Films Coated through Facing Targets Sputtering after Microwave Plasma Treatment

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 923
Author(s):  
Nattakorn Borwornpornmetee ◽  
Peerasil Charoenyuenyao ◽  
Rawiwan Chaleawpong ◽  
Boonchoat Paosawatyanyong ◽  
Rungrueang Phatthanakun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Hydrophilic Surface ◽  
Ar Plasma ◽  
Oxide Group

Fe3Si films are deposited onto the Si(111) wafer using sputtering with parallel facing targets. Surface modification of the deposited Fe3Si film is conducted by using a microwave plasma treatment under an Ar atmosphere at different powers of 50, 100 and, 150 W. After the Ar plasma treatment, the crystallinity of the coated Fe3Si films is enhanced, in which the orientation peaks, including (220), (222), (400), and (422) of the Fe3Si are sharpened. The extinction rule suggests that the B2–Fe3Si crystallites are the film’s dominant composition. The stoichiometry of the Fe3Si surfaces is marginally changed after the treatment. An increase in microwave power damages the surface of the Fe3Si films, resulting in the generation of small pinholes. The roughness of the Fe3Si films after being treated at 150 W is insignificantly increased compared to the untreated films. The untreated Fe3Si films have a hydrophobic surface with an average contact angle of 101.70°. After treatment at 150 W, it turns into a hydrophilic surface with an average contact angle of 67.05° because of the reduction in the hydrophobic carbon group and the increase in the hydrophilic oxide group. The hardness of the untreated Fe3Si is ~9.39 GPa, which is kept at a similar level throughout each treatment power.

scholarly journals Effects of maltodextrin concentration and inlet temperature on the physicochemical properties of spray-dried kuini powder

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Yu Von Germaine Chng ◽  
Lee Sin Chang ◽  
Liew Phing Pui
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
High Water ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Spray Dried

Kuini (Mangifera odorata) is known for its intense flavour, attractive colour, rich fibre content and antioxidant properties. However, its short shelf life (bruise within a week) limits the availability of this fruit. Hence, spray drying was proposed to transform this fruit into powder to increase its application. The maltodextrin concentration of 5–20% (w/w) and inlet temperatures of 140–180°C were applied to produce kuini powders. The effect of maltodextrin concentrations at constant inlet temperature (160°C) showed that a higher amount of maltodextrin (20% w/w) produced powder with a low water activity (0.16 ± 0.01 Aw), moisture content (2.16 ± 0.60%) and hygroscopicity (20.45 ± 0.60 g/100g) but the orange colour of the powder turned pale. The kuini powder was further spray dried at different inlet temperatures at constant optimal maltodextrin concentration (20% w/w). The kuini powder that was spray dried at 160°C had the optimal properties: low water activity (0.17 ± 0.01 Aw) and hygroscopicity (22.12 ± 0.09 g/100g) with high water solubility index, WSI (79.90 ± 1.85%) and wettability (279 ± 8 s), indicating the powder can be applied as a food ingredient with high solubility. The optimal spray-drying condition for the production of kuini powder was 20% (w/w) maltodextrin concentration at 160°C inlet temperature to have the highest yield of 43.08 ± 2.77%. Eventhough the reconstituted kuini powder had lower viscosity, colour and β-carotene content than kuini juice, this study showed the feasibility of production of kuini powder using spray drying operation which may broaden its application in the food industry.

scholarly journals Characterization of spray-dried Gac aril extract and estimated shelf life of β-carotene and lycopene

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11134
Author(s):  
Benjawan Thumthanaruk ◽  
Natta Laohakunjit ◽  
Grady W. Chism
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Momordica Cochinchinensis ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Spray Dried

Background Fresh Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis) fruit is rich in carotenoids, mainly β-carotene and lycopene, but these compounds are sensitive to degradation. Spray drying is used to encapsulate the sensitive β-carotene and lycopene with different materials. Only a few reports of using highly branched cyclodextrin (HBCD) have been published. Additionally, studies of β-carotene and lycopene losses in Gac powders during storage are limited. Therefore, the encapsulation of β-carotene and lycopene of Gac aril with HBCD by spray drying at different inlet temperatures were compared. The shelf life of β-carotene and lycopene during storage was also calculated. Methods The fresh Gac aril was separated and kept frozen before the experiment. Gac aril and water (1:5 w/v) were centrifuged at 8,000 g at 20 °C for 15 min using a high-speed centrifuge (Sorval; Dupont, Wilmington, DE, USA). The supernatant was filtered twice and concentrated until 15° Brix using a rotary evaporator (R-200; Buchi, Flawil, Switzerland). The mixture of concentrated aril extract and highly branched cyclodextrin at 5% (w/v) was dried at three inlet temperatures by a spray dryer (B-290; Buchi, Flawil, Switzerland) with drying air flow rate, compressor air pressure, and feed rate set at 473 L/h, 40 m3/h, and 3 mL/min, respectively . The physicochemical qualities, particle image morphology, and estimated storage time of β-carotene and lycopene were determined. Results Increased inlet temperatures of spray drying decreased the bulk density, β-carotene, and lycopene content of spray-dried powders significantly. The color values of dried powders had significant differences in yellowness (b*) and chroma, but not lightness (L*), redness (a*), and hue when the inlet temperature increased from 160 °C to 180 °C. The maximum reduction of β-carotene and lycopene observed during storage at 55 °C was 90.88% and 91.11% for 33 and 18 days. For β-carotene, the estimated shelf-life (retention of 50% of β-carotene) was 9.9, 48.4, and 91.6 days at 25 °C, 10 °C, and 4 °C. The shelf-life of lycopene was 26, 176, and 357 days at 25 °C, 10 °C, and 4 °C, respectively. HBCD could be potentially used as an encapsulating agent in spray-dried Gac aril, but the shelf-life of β-carotene and lycopene needs to be improved to be useful as a food ingredient.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Hydrophobic Surface on Wood Veneer via Electroless Nickel Plating Combined with Chemical Corrosion

BioResources ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014
Author(s):  
Zhaojun Tang ◽  
Changhong Shi ◽  
Shu Wu ◽  
Zengfu Jiang ◽  
Lijuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Alloy Film ◽  
Wood Veneer ◽  
Chemical Corrosion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Contact Angle

Birch veneers were coated with Ni-P films by a combined process of KBH4 activation and electroless plating. The plated veneers were further chemically corroded to obtain hydrophobic surfaces on wood. The effect of chemical corrosion on the contact angle of the veneers was investigated. The hydrophobic veneers were characterized by X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface contact angle of birch veneer before and after it was plated with Ni-P alloy coating was 41º and 121º, respectively. The contact angle reached 136.7º when the nickel-coated veneers were corroded in CuSO4 aqueous solution for 30 min. XPS analysis showed that Cu0 cluster doped with little CuO formed on the corroded surface of Ni-P alloy film after chemical corrosion. SEM and XRD showed that rough copper clusters formed on the surface of the wood veneer and revealed the reason of the surface hydrophobicity. This study provides a new pathway for fabricating hydrophobic wood.

scholarly journals Impact of the Purification Process on the Spray-Drying Performances of the Three Families of Lipopeptide Biosurfactant Produced by Bacillus subtilis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Vassaux ◽  
Marie Rannou ◽  
Soline Peers ◽  
Théo Daboudet ◽  
Philippe Jacques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Purification Step ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lipopeptide Biosurfactant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spray Dried

Lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis display many activities (surfactant, antimicrobial, and antitumoral), which make them interesting compounds with a wide range of applications. During the past years, several processes have been developed to enable their production and purification with suitable yield and purity. The already implemented processes mainly end with a critical drying step, which is currently achieved by freeze-drying. In this study, the possibility to replace this freeze-drying step with a spray-drying one, more suited to industrial applications, was analyzed. After evaluating their thermal resistance, we have developed a spray-drying methodology applicable for the three lipopeptides families produced by B. subtilis, i.e., surfactin, mycosubtilin (iturin family), and plipastatin (fengycin family). For each lipopeptide, the spray-drying procedure was applied at three steps of the purification process by ultrafiltration (supernatant, diafiltered solution, and pre-purified fraction). The analysis of the activities of each spray-dried lipopeptide showed that this drying method is not decreasing its antimicrobial and biosurfactant properties. The methodology developed in this study enabled for the first time the spray-drying of surfactin, without adjuvants’ addition and regardless of the purification step considered. In the case of fengycin and mycosubtilin, only diafiltered solution and purified fraction could be successfully spray-dried without the addition of adjuvant. Maltodextrin addition was also investigated as the solution for the direct drying of supernatant. As expected, the performances of the spray-drying step and the purity of the powder obtained are highly related to the purification step at which the product was dried. Interestingly, the impact of mycosubtilin concentration on spray-drying yield was also evidenced.

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