scholarly journals Antiapoptic Activity of Cinnamon on Some Organs of 18 Days Rat Fetuses of Diabetic Mother

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-648
Author(s):  
Mohamed E El-Beeh ◽  
Yousra A. Fouda ◽  
Dina A El-badry ◽  
Hassan IH El-Sayyad
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diabetic Mother ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Histological Picture ◽  
Lingual Mucosa

Diabetes is a public health problem affected pregnant rats associated with developmental defects of their growing fetuses and histopathological abnormalities of their body organs. The traditional application of phytotherapy encourages author to develop the more safety plants which exerts antidiabetic activity and improve the histological structure. The present study aimed to evaluate the intensity of lesions induced in liver, kidney, heart and lingual mucosa of 18-day old fetuses of diabetic mother. Also, how can cinnamon-extract supplementation exert antiapoptic activity and improved the histological picture during in utero treatment. Twenty pregnant rats were used in the present work. They were categorized into four groups (n = 5); control, cinnamon extract group, diabetes, diabetes and cinnamon supplementation. Diabetes was developed by single i.p. administration of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg in citrate buffer pH 4.5 plus 100mg/kg nicotinamide). Cinnamon watery extract (300mg/kg body weight) was daily orally administrered from 6th day of gestation until 18th day of gestation. At the end of treatment, the mother was sacrificed, and their fetuses were removed and liver, kidney, heart and tongue were dissected and preserved in 10% phosphate buffered formalin pH 7.4. Also, immunohistochemistry of caspase 3 and P53 were carried out. At 18th day of gestation, maternal blood glucose levels were monitored in the investigated groups. The present findings revealed that diabetes induced damage of hepatocytes, deformation of renal tubules and renal corpuscles, fragility of myocardial muscles and damage of epithelium lining the lingual mucosa and retarded the differentiation of lingual papillae especially fungiform papillae. Increase average of apoptic cells were detected in the examined tissues of diabetic mother. Cinnamon-treatment reduced the incidence of apoptosis and improved the histological picture of liver, kidney, heart and tongue of fetuses maternally diabetic compared to the control. Image analysis revealed overexpression of immunohistochemical reaction of caspase 3 in liver, kidney and heart as well as caspase 3 and p53 in heart of fetuses of diabetic mother compared to those of diabetic mother supplemented cinnamon extract and control. The authors finally concluded that cinnamon extract showed a hypoglycaemic activity, reduced the streptozotocin associated diabetes and ameliorated the fetal liver, kidney, heart and tongue histological and immunohistochemical picture.

scholarly journals Morphine Perinatal Exposure Induces Long-Lasting Negative Emotional States in Adult Offspring Rodents

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Nair C. F. Castro ◽  
Izabelle S. Silva ◽  
Sabrina C. Cartágenes ◽  
Luanna M. P. Fernandes ◽  
Paula C. Ribera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Nociceptive Responses ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Rats And Mice

Psychoactive substances during pregnancy and lactation is a key problem in contemporary society, causing social, economic, and health disturbance. In 2010, about 30 million people used opioid analgesics for non-therapeutic purposes, and the prevalence of opioids use during pregnancy ranged from 1% to 21%, representing a public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate the long-lasting neurobehavioral and nociceptive consequences in adult offspring rats and mice exposed to morphine during intrauterine/lactation periods. Pregnant rats and mice were exposed subcutaneously to morphine (10 mg/kg/day) during 42 consecutive days (from the first day of pregnancy until the last day of lactation). Offspring were weighed on post-natal days (PND) 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 60, and behavioral tasks (experiment 1) or nociceptive responses (experiment 2) were assessed at 75 days of age (adult life). Morphine-exposed female rats displayed increased spontaneous locomotor activity. More importantly, both males and female rats perinatally exposed to morphine displayed anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Morphine-exposed mice presented alterations in the nociceptive responses on the writhing test. This study showed that sex difference plays a role in pain threshold and that deleterious effects of morphine during pre/perinatal periods are nonrepairable in adulthood, which highlights the long-lasting clinical consequences related to anxiety, depression, and nociceptive disorders in adulthood followed by intrauterine and lactation morphine exposure.

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic Activity ofHouttuynia cordataThunb. in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Satyendra K. Prasad ◽  
Sairam Krishnamurthy ◽  
Siva Hemalatha
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Plausible Mechanism

Present study is an attempt to investigate plausible mechanism involved behind antidiabetic activity of standardizedHouttuynia cordataThunb. extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The plant is used as a medicinal salad for lowering blood sugar level in North-Eastern parts of India. Oral administration of extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg dose level daily for 21 days showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in fasting plasma glucose and also elevated insulin level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. It also significantly reversed all the alterations in biochemical parameters, that is, total lipid profile, blood urea, creatinine, protein, and antioxidant enzymes in liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue of diabetic rats. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the extract significantly reversed the expression patterns of various glucose homeostatic enzyme genes like GLUT-2, GLUT-4, and caspase-3 levels but did not show any significant effect on PPAR-γprotein expressions. Additionally, the extract positively regulated mitochondrial membrane potential and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in diabetic rats. The findings justified the antidiabetic effect ofH. cordatawhich is attributed to an upregulation of GLUT-4 and potential antioxidant activity, which may play beneficial role in resolving complication associated with diabetes.

scholarly journals Interplay between Akt and p38 MAPK pathways in the regulation of renal tubular cell apoptosis associated with diabetic nephropathy

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (1) ◽  
pp. F49-F61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavi J. Rane ◽  
Ye Song ◽  
Shunying Jin ◽  
Michelle T. Barati ◽  
Rui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Tubular Cell ◽  
Renal Tubular Cell ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Mapk Activation ◽  
Mapk Phosphorylation ◽  
Akt Phosphorylation ◽  
Akt Activation

Hyperglycemia induces p38 MAPK-mediated renal proximal tubular cell (RPTC) apoptosis. The current study hypothesized that alteration of the Akt signaling pathway by hyperglycemia may contribute to p38 MAPK activation and development of diabetic nephropathy. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated a hyperglycemia-induced increase in Akt phosphorylation in diabetic kidneys at 1 mo, peaking at 3 mo, and dropping back to baseline by 6 mo. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-pAkt antisera localized Akt phosphorylation to renal tubules. Maximal p38 MAPK phosphorylation was detected concomitant with increase in terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and caspase-3 activity in 6-mo diabetic kidneys. Exposure of cultured RPTCs to high glucose (HG; 22.5 mM) significantly increased Akt phosphorylation at 3, 6, and 9 h, and decreased thereafter. In contrast, p38 MAPK phosphorylation was detected between 9 and 48 h of HG treatment. Increased p38 MAPK activation at 24 and 48 h coincided with increased apoptosis, demonstrated by increased caspase-3 activity at 24 h and increased TUNEL-positive cells at 48 h of HG exposure. Blockade of p38 cascade with SB203850 inhibited HG-induced caspase-3 activation and TUNEL-positive cells. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt abrogated HG-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation and RPTC apoptosis. In addition, blockade of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway with LY294002 and silencing of Akt expression with Akt small interfering RNA induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation in the absence of HG. These results collectively suggest that downregulation of Akt activation during long-term hyperglycemia contributes to enhanced p38 MAPK activation and RPTC apoptosis. Mechanism of downregulation of Akt activation in 6-mo streptozotocin diabetic kidneys was attributed to decreased Akt-heat shock protein (Hsp) 25, Akt-p38 interaction, and decreased PTEN activity. Thus PTEN or Hsp25 could serve as potential therapeutic targets to modulate Akt activation and control p38 MAPK-mediated diabetic complications.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Cinnamomum burmanii Extract on the Protection of Neuronal Cell Death in Haloperidol Induced Male Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nita Parisa ◽  
MT Kamaluddin ◽  
Theodorus Theodorus
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mean Differences

Background Haloperidol is categorized as the first class antipsychotic drug. Long-term use of haloperidol may convey to increased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that will yield oxidative damage which further leads to cell death. Several studies had identified the effects of cinnamon extract on cell death. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of cinnamon extract (Cinnamomum burmanii) on the protection of neuronal cell death in haloperidol-induced male Wistar white rats. Methods This study was experimental with pre and post-test design. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, induced with haloperidol and followed by treatment. Caspase-3 and dopamine were assayed by ELISA sandwich method using ELISA kit. Mean difference of caspase expression and dopamine levels before and after induction were shown (p<0.05). Results There were mean differences of caspase-3 expression level in the positive control group, cinnamon extract of 100 and 200mg/kgBW before and after treatment (p<0.05). Whereas for dopamine levels, there were mean differences in positive control group, cinnamon extract of 50, 100 and 200mg/kgBW before and after treatment (p<0.05). With Post Hoc test, it was found that there were no mean differences of caspase-3 expression level between positive group with cinnamon extract group of 100 and 200mg/kgBW (p>0,05) and there were also no mean differences of positive group dopamine level with group of cinnamon extract of 100 and 200mg/kgBW (p>0.05). Conclussion Cinnamomum burmanii extract at dose of 100 and 200mg/kgBW were effective in the protection against neuronal cell death in haloperidol induced male Wistar white rats.

scholarly journals ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF KALANCHOE PINNATA IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
LATHA OPHELIA GEORGE ◽  
RADHA HR ◽  
SOMASHEKARAIAH BV
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Group I ◽  
Kalanchoe Pinnata

Objective: The main purpose of the present study was to analyze the antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of the leaf of Kalanchoe pinnata in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic and endocrine disease regarded as a serious global public health problem. Albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group I (normal) received drinking water throughout the course till 20 days. Groups II-IV received alloxan (120 mg/kg b.w) i.p on the 1st day of the study period. Group III animals received glibenclamide (10 mg/kg p.o) and Group IV received K. pinnata (200 mg/kg b.w p.o) for 20 days. The body weight, blood glucose level, serum urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, cholesterol, total protein (TP), uric acid, and tissue (liver) antioxidant parameters: Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were measured. Results: K. pinnata treated rats showed the percentage increase in the body weight, decrease in the blood sugar level, creatinine, TP level, urea, uric acid, and BUN, MDA, and GSH when compared to alloxan-induced diabetic mellitus control rats. Thus, K. pinnata could be possibly employed to treat DM. Conclusion: This preliminary analysis tested the most promising profile. It seems that methanolic extract of the leaf of K. pinnata improved general, blood serum, and liver antidiabetic agent. However, further studies confirming its potential is certainly warranted.

Astaxanthin prevents lung injury due to hyperoxia and inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Akduman ◽  
Cüneyt Tayman ◽  
Ufuk Çakir ◽  
Esra Çakir ◽  
Dilek Dilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Tnf Α

Background/aim: We aimed to ascertain the effects of astaxanthin on the lungs of rat pups with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) induced by hyperoxia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods: Forty-two newborn Wistar rats born to spontaneous pregnant rats were divided into three groups: Hyperoxia (95% O2) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, hyperoxia + LPS + astaxhantin group and control: no treatment group (21% O2). Pups in the hyperoxia + LPS + astaxanthin group were given 100 mg/kg/day oral astaxanthin from the first day to the fifth day. Histopathologic and biochemical evaluations including glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total thiol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) and caspase-3 activities were performed. Results: A better survival rates and weight gain were demonstrated in the hyperoxia + LPS + astaxanthin group (p <0.001). In the histopathologic evaluation, the severity of lung damage was significantly reduced in the hyperoxia+LPS+astaxanthin group, as well as decreased apoptosis (ELİSA for caspase-3) (p <0.001). The biochemical analyses of lung tissues TAS, GSH, Total thiol levels were significantly higher in the astaxanthin treated group compared to hyperoxia + LPS group (p <0.05) while TOS, AOPP, LPO, 8-OHdG, MPO levels were significantly lower (p <0.001). In addition, unlike the hyperoxia + LPS group, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in lung tissue were significantly lower in the astaxanthin-treated group (p <0.001). Conclusion: Astaxanthin was shown to reduce lung damage caused by inflammation and hyperoxia with its antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic properties and to protect the lung from severe destruction.

scholarly journals Beetroot (Beta vulgarisL.) Extract Ameliorates Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity Associated Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rodent Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. El Gamal ◽  
Mansour S. AlSaid ◽  
Mohammad Raish ◽  
Mohammed Al-Sohaibani ◽  
Shaza M. Al-Massarani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Bax Protein

The present investigation was designed to investigate the protective effect of (Beta vulgarisL.) beat root ethanolic extract (BVEE) on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and to elucidate the potential mechanism. Serum specific kidney function parameters (urea, uric acid, total protein, creatinine, and histopathology of kidney tissue) were evaluated to access gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The oxidative/nitrosative stress (Lipid peroxidation, MDA, NP-SH, Catalase, and nitric oxide levels) was assessed. The inflammatory response (TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, NF-κB (p65), and NF-κB (p65) DNA binding) and apoptotic marker (Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2) were also evaluated. BVEE (250 and 500 mg/kg) treatment along with gentamicin restored/increased the renal endogenous antioxidant status. Gentamicin-induced increased renal inflammatory cytokines (TNF-αand IL-6), nuclear protein expression of NF-κB (p65), NF-κB-DNA binding activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and nitric oxide level were significantly down regulated upon BVEE treatment. In addition, BVEE treatment significantly reduced the amount of cleaved caspase 3 and Bax, protein expression and increased the Bcl-2 protein expression. BVEE treatment also ameliorated the extent of histologic injury and reduced inflammatory infiltration in renal tubules. These findings suggest that BVEE treatment attenuates renal dysfunction and structural damage through the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the kidney.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Activity of 40 Plants of the Senegalese Flora, an Important Therapeutic Diversity for Populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
Ousmane Faye ◽  
Cheikh Sall ◽  
Omar Kane
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Care Coverage ◽  
The World

Diabetes mellitus is group of a metabolic desorder caused by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It is a major public health problem in all countries of the world. In Africa, it was predicted that the continent, will see the greatest increase, from 19 millions in 2019 to 47 million diabetics in 2045. In the absence of sufficient public health care coverage and the high cost of modern medicine, major part of the population of developing countries turns to traditional medicine. These medicine offer a new alternative for the management of diabetes from plant organs. Most of the used part of plants has not yet been scientifically approved by researchers. In this article, we have inventorised the medicinal plants of the Senegalese flora used in the management of diabetes and whose activity has been validated scientifically by researchers.

Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds on adriamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber A. Sakr ◽  
Ezz M. El-Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Fenugreek Seed ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

AbstractAdriamycin (ADR) is an anticancer drug used in treatment of a variety of neoplastic lesions. Its use is limited due to diverse toxicities including cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The present work was conducted to study the effect of fenugreek seed extract on nephrotoxicity induced by ADR in albino rats. Administrating animals with a single dose of ADR (10 mg/kg body weight) induced histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical alterations. Kidneys of ADR-treated rats showed many histopathological alterations. The renal tubules were degenerated and the glomeruli were atrophied. The intertubular spaces were infiltrated by inflammatory leucocytic cells. An increase in expression of alfa-SMA was recorded. ADR caused marked elevation in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Moreover, ADR administration to animals significantly increased the concentration of malondialdehyde and decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in kidney tissues. These changes were time-dependent. Treating animals with ADR and aqueous seed extract of fenugreek (0.4 g/kg) led to an improvement in the histological structure of the kidney together with a decrease in expression of α-SMA. Urea and creatinine were significantly decreased. Moreover, fenugreek treatment reduced the concentration of malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation marker) and increased the activity of antioxidant enzyme, SOD. In conclusion, the results of the present work indicated that fenugreek seeds had ameliorative effect on kidney damage induced by ADR and this may be mediated by its potent antioxidant effects

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