scholarly journals ChiC Gene Enhances Fungal Resistance in Indigenous Potato Variety (Diamant) Via Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sabir ◽  
Yasir Anwar ◽  
Akram Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Peerzada Yasir Yousuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Potato Variety ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Resistant Trait ◽  
Production Losses

Potato (Solanum tuberosum), one of the indispensable food crops, is susceptible to various fungal phyto-pathogenic infections that result in considerable production losses both in terms of quality and quantity. Developing fungal-resistant cultivars by introducing pathogen-resistant genes through transgenic approach has been a powerful tool to provide defense against the fungal pathogens. The current study was undertaken to develop a fungal resistant trait in a local potato variety. To achieve this goal, a local Pakistani Potato variety (Diamant), was transformed with chitinase ChiC gene utilizing plasmid pEKB/ChiC using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101. The infected explants were grown on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l BAP and 0.2 mg/l NAA. Explants were then sub-cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2mg/l BAP and 2mg/l GA3 for shooting. PCR examination confirmed the integration of ChiC gene in the potato genomic DNA. The transformed potato variety could also be used as fungus-resistant breeding material and offers new opportunities to develop improved potato cultivars for different agronomic and other desirable traits.

scholarly journals HYD3, a conidial hydrophobin of the fungal entomopathogen Metarhizium acridum induces the immunity of its specialist host locust

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyuan Jiang ◽  
Petros Ligoxygakis ◽  
Yuxian Xia
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Metarhizium Acridum ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Fungal Entomopathogen ◽  
Conidial Surface ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Manilensis

AbstractConidial hydrophobins in fungal pathogens of plants1,2, insects3,4, and humans5,6 are required for fungal attachment and are associated with high virulence. They are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of infection by preventing immune recognition5,6. Here, we refute this generalisation offering a more nuanced analysis. We show that MacHYD3, a hydrophobin located on the conidial surface of the specialist entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum, activates specifically the humoral and cellular immunity of its own host insect, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) but not that of other non-host insects. When topically applied to the cuticle, purified MacHYD3 improved the resistance of locusts to both specialist and generalist fungal pathogens but had no effect on the fungal resistance of other insects, including Spodoptera frugiperda and Galleria mellonella. Hydrophobins extracted from the generalist fungal pathogens M. anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana had no effect on the resistance of locusts to fungal infection. Thus, the host locust has evolved to recognize the conidial hydrophobin of its specialist fungal pathogen, whereas conidial hydrophobins from generalist fungi are able to evade recognition. Our results distinguish the immunogenic potential of conidial hydrophobins between specialist and generalist fungi.

scholarly journals Applicability of Dry Flours Produced from a Table Potato Variety (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. May Queen) in Bread Making

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Murayama ◽  
Tomone Kimura ◽  
Kazumasa Tsuboi ◽  
Daiju Yamada ◽  
Dennis Marvin Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Potato Variety ◽  
Bread Making

scholarly journals A rapid method for isolation of genomic DNA from food-borne fungal pathogens

3 Biotech ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Umesha ◽  
H. M. Manukumar ◽  
Sri Raghava
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne

scholarly journals Erratum: Applicability of Dry Flours Produced from a Table Potato Variety (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. May Queen) in Bread Making

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-637
Author(s):  
Daiki MurayaMa ◽  
Tomone KiMura ◽  
Jiang Yuanrong ◽  
Kazumasa Tsuboi ◽  
Daiju Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Potato Variety ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Bread Making

scholarly journals Identification of Genes for Wheat Fungal Resistance Using Bioinformatics Techniques

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed E. Nassar ◽  
Khaled H. Mousa ◽  
Ahmed A. Madbouly ◽  
Shafik D. Ibrahim ◽  
Alsamman M. Alsamman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Protein Domain ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Domain Identification ◽  
Cereal Grain

For the majority of world populations, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) would be the first essential and economic cereal grain crop. Pests and pathogens in both rich and developing countries are constantly threatening wheat production and sustainable development. Multiple gene pathways were recorded to share an association with fungal pathogens with wheat biological resistance. Our aim to use such tools in order to detect and classify fungal resistance genes in wheat through sequence alignment, protein domain identification and phylogenetic analysis. In addition the introduction for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for such genes in the new primer database. Approximately 138 sequences of DNA were recovered from the wheat genome by aligning 3845 anti-fungal amino acids through tblastn tool. The NCBI blastn online tool used to detect sequences with functional genes, where 92 genes have been detected. The total number of nucleotides was 48385, where the smallest DNA sequence have 302 bp and the longest contains 977 bp with an average length of 525.9 bp per sequence. The wheat chromosomes 3D, and 4B have the highest number of sequences (9) followed by chromosomes 3B (7) and 3A(6), where wheat genomes A, B and D have 30, 35 and 27 genes, respectively. Five different amino acids motifs have been revealed among studied wheat amino acid sequences. The gene annotation tools used to infer studied amino acid gene annotation. Amino acid sequences belongs to lectin, kinase, tyrosine-protein kinase (STK), thaumatin, and cysteine-rich repeats representing 2, 9, 8, 19, 23 genes respectively, in addition to 31 hypothetical genes. The proteins chemical content have been assessed through 16 different amino acid chemical and physical characteristics.

scholarly journals Fungicide effects on human fungal pathogens: Cross-resistance to medical drugs and beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. e1010073
Author(s):  
Rafael W. Bastos ◽  
Luana Rossato ◽  
Gustavo H. Goldman ◽  
Daniel A. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Plant Materials

Fungal infections are underestimated threats that affect over 1 billion people, and Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Aspergillus spp. are the 3 most fatal fungi. The treatment of these infections is performed with a limited arsenal of antifungal drugs, and the class of the azoles is the most used. Although these drugs present low toxicity for the host, there is an emergence of therapeutic failure due to azole resistance. Drug resistance normally develops in patients undergoing azole long-term therapy, when the fungus in contact with the drug can adapt and survive. Conversely, several reports have been showing that resistant isolates are also recovered from patients with no prior history of azole therapy, suggesting that other routes might be driving antifungal resistance. Intriguingly, antifungal resistance also happens in the environment since resistant strains have been isolated from plant materials, soil, decomposing matter, and compost, where important human fungal pathogens live. As the resistant fungi can be isolated from the environment, in places where agrochemicals are extensively used in agriculture and wood industry, the hypothesis that fungicides could be driving and selecting resistance mechanism in nature, before the contact of the fungus with the host, has gained more attention. The effects of fungicide exposure on fungal resistance have been extensively studied in Aspergillus fumigatus and less investigated in other human fungal pathogens. Here, we discuss not only classic and recent studies showing that environmental azole exposure selects cross-resistance to medical azoles in A. fumigatus, but also how this phenomenon affects Candida and Cryptococcus, other 2 important human fungal pathogens found in the environment. We also examine data showing that fungicide exposure can select relevant changes in the morphophysiology and virulence of those pathogens, suggesting that its effect goes beyond the cross-resistance.

scholarly journals Optimization of core phases of biolistic transformation of potato

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Natalya P. Malakhova ◽  
Yuriy A. Skiba ◽  
Botakoz K. Tezekbayeva ◽  
Elina R. Maltseva ◽  
Gulnara A. Ismagulova
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Potato Variety ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Test Plants ◽  
Internode Explants ◽  
Regenerant Plants

We have established the optimal exposure time for internodes and callus plant material of Aksor potato variety on the OSS osmotic medium before and after biolistics and the type of plant explant that is most suitable for that. The optimal objects were explants from internodes of test plants. The best time for exposure of plant material to the osmotic medium before bombardment is 24 hours, and after biolistics – 48 hours. Callus tissue developed on the MS medium with zeatin two weeks later in internodes that were cultivated before bombarding on the OSS for 24 hours and we observed an increase in the callus mass by the end of fourth week. Not a single callus was obtained with rhizogenesis on the R4 medium from internodes and potato calli that were on the osmotic medium within 24 and 72 hours after biolistics. The regenerative capacity of internodes after cultivation on an osmotic medium for 48 hours after bombarding was higher than that of calli. We obtained 12 regenerant plants out of 200 internode explants and 4 regenerant plants out of 150 calli that were used in the experiment.

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