scholarly journals Salt Tolerance Analysis of Crops using the SWAP Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-649
Author(s):  
Forough Kamyab-Talesh ◽  
Behrouz Mostafazadeh-Fard ◽  
Majid Vazifedoust ◽  
Mohammad Shayannejad ◽  
Maryam Navabian
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Tolerance Analysis ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Swap Model ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT: Soil and water salinities are major environmental factors limiting the productivity of agricultural lands especially in arid and semi arid regions. To determine salinity threshold values and slope of the yield decrements for crops of wheat, barley and maize, SWAP model was study for an arid region located in Semnan Province (52◦25' N 35◦11' E), central part of Iran with area of 35000 ha including 94 villages belonged to irrigation network of Garmsar district. The data collected from the above 94 villages for years 1998 to 2007 were used to calibrate and simulate yield of wheat, barley and maize using the SWAP model. The irrigation water salinities of 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1 were used and yield reductions versus soil saturation extracts were evaluated and salinity threshold values and slope of the yield reductions were determined for each of the above crops. The results showed that the SWAP model predict crop yields with good accuracy and the threshold values and slope of the yield reductions are site dependent. These values should be determined for each area in order to be able to plan better irrigation scheduling for arid regions which have soil and irrigation water salinities problems.

scholarly journals Reclaiming Tropical Saline-Sodic Soils with Gypsum and Cow Manure

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gonçalo Filho ◽  
Nildo da Silva Dias ◽  
Stella Ribeiro Prazeres Suddarth ◽  
Jorge F. S. Ferreira ◽  
Ray G. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Semi Arid

Saline-sodic soils are a major impediment for agricultural production in semi-arid regions. Salinity and sodicity drastically reduce agricultural crop yields, damage farm equipment, jeopardize food security, and render soils unusable for agriculture. However, many farmers in developing semi-arid regions cannot afford expensive amendments to reclaim saline-sodic soils. Furthermore, existing research does not cover soil types (e.g., Luvisols and Lixisols) that are found in many semi-arid regions of South America. Therefore, we used percolation columns to evaluate the effect of inexpensive chemical and organic amendments (gypsum and cow manure) on the reclamation of saline-sodic soils in the northeast of Brazil. Soil samples from two layers (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm in depth) were collected and placed in percolation columns. Then, we applied gypsum into the columns, with and without cow manure. The experiment followed a complete randomized design with three replications. The chemical amendment treatments included a control and four combinations of gypsum and cow manure. Percolation columns were subjected to a constant flood layer of 55 mm. We evaluated the effectiveness of sodic soil reclamation treatments via changes in soil hydraulic conductivity, chemical composition (cations and anions), electrical conductivity of the saturated soil-paste extract, pH, and the exchangeable sodium percentage. These results suggest that the combined use of gypsum and cow manure is better to reduce soil sodicity, improve soil chemical properties, and increase water infiltration than gypsum alone. Cow manure at 40 ton ha−1 was better than at 80 ton ha−1 to reduce the sodium adsorption ratio.

scholarly journals A Tool for the Evaluation of Irrigation Water Quality in the Arid and Semi-Arid Regions

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Bortolini ◽  
Carmelo Maucieri ◽  
Maurizio Borin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Semi Arid

Effect of boronated saline irrigation water on linseed

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. S. Chauhan ◽  
C. P. S. Chauhan ◽  
S. K. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Semi Arid

Underground irrigation water, particularly saline, when in arid and semi-arid regions of India may contain toxic amounts of B, from a trace up to 10 mg B/l (Anon. 1981–82). Continuous use of such water for irrigation may lead to the accumulation of salts and B in soil and this creates toxicity problems. Kanwar & Mehta (1970) have reported that water containing 2 mg B/l is hazardous if used on heavy soils. For sandy loam soils of semi-arid tracts in India, Chauhan & Powar (1978) have reported reductions in the grain yield of wheat and pea at 4 and 6 mg B/l respectively, while under similar conditions grain yield of lentil and barley was reduced at 3 and 6 mg B/l respectively (Chauhan & Asthana, 1981). So far, few attempts have been made to evaluate the effect of boronated saline water on soil and crops, under different agroclimatic conditions. A study of the effect of boronated saline water on an important oil-seed crop, linseed, on alkaline sandy loam soil in the semi-arid region of Agra, India was therefore undertaken.

scholarly journals Decision support for agricultural water management

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Matlab Programming

Irrigation water use is the major pressure limiting the availability of fresh water resources in the Mediterranean. Efficient irrigation scheduling programs (IRSPs) are able to reduce water consumption; however, their selection and placement in large agricultural landscapes depend on location specific characteristics and economic indicators. Towards this end, a novel and efficient Decision Support Tool (DST) is developed in MATLAB-programming, able to assess the effectiveness of different IRSPs in reducing total agricultural water use at the catchment scale along with their impact on crop yields. The DST integrates a look-up table with data on irrigation water amounts and crop yields at different locations within a catchment, populated by a hydrological and crop growth estimator: the process-based SWAT model, into a multi-objective Genetic Algorithm, which serves as the optimization engine for the allocation of measures across the agricultural land. The optimization scheme leads rapidly to the optimal trade-off frontier between the conflicting objectives providing spatial allocations of IRSPs. The tool was implemented in the Ali Efenti catchment demonstrating optimal solutions that could save more than 10% of water by reducing cotton yields less than 5% from the baseline. The study highlights the potential of the tool to assist in the development of cost-effective water saving plans at the catchment level in order to reduce the risk of desertification in intensively cultivated areas.

Stimulation of Soybean (Glycine max) growth and yield using Bradyrhizobium inoculants in the semi-arid environment of Botswana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mosupiemang ◽  
K. Bareeleng ◽  
M.S. Chiduwa and O.O. Molosiwa
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Inoculant Strain ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Spp ◽  
Semi Arid

Background: Crop yields in the semi-arid regions are low due to climatic and soil related constraints.Soybean as one of the most important legume crops grown worldwide, has a role to contribute nitrogen to improve nutrient poor soils in Africa. A study was conducted to examine the effects of Bradyrhizobium spp inoculations on the growth and yield of soybean varieties in a glasshouse.Method: The study was arranged in a randomized complete block factorial design, with factor A being two soybean varieties (Bimha and Status) while factor B was inoculation using four Bradyrhizobium strains and the uninoculated control. Results: Bradyrhizobium inoculation significantly (P less than 0.001)affected days to 50% flowering, days to emergence, nodule number, root dry weight and grain yield and yield traits. Parameters that were affected by both inoculant strain and variety included days to 50% flowering, days to emergence, number of pods per plant, pod weight and number of seeds per pod. The interaction effect of variety and Bradyrhizobium inoculant strain was observed only on number of pods per plants. Our study shows that soybean grows well when inoculated with Bradyrhizobium inoculants, in semi-arid conditions of Botswana.

scholarly journals Efficient IoT-Based Control for a Smart Subsurface Irrigation System to Enhance Irrigation Management of Date Palm

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3942
Author(s):  
Maged Mohammed ◽  
Khaled Riad ◽  
Nashi Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Amount

Drought is the most severe problem for agricultural production, and the intensity of this problem is increasing in most cultivated areas around the world. Hence improving water productivity is the primary purpose of sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to use cloud IoT solutions to control a modern subsurface irrigation system for improving irrigation management of date palms in arid regions. To achieve this goal, we designed, constructed, and validated the performance of a fully automated controlled subsurface irrigation system (CSIS) to monitor and control the irrigation water amount remotely. The CSIS is based on an autonomous sensors network to instantly collect the climatic parameters and volumetric soil water content in the study area. Therefore, we employed the ThingSpeak cloud platform to host sensor readings, perform algorithmic analysis, instant visualize the live data, create event-based alerts to the user, and send instructions to the IoT devices. The validation of the CSIS proved that automatically irrigating date palm trees controlled by the sensor-based irrigation scheduling (S-BIS) is more efficient than the time-based irrigation scheduling (T-BIS). The S-BIS provided the date palm with the optimum irrigation water amount at the opportune time directly in the functional root zone. Generally, the S-BIS and T-BIS of CSIS reduced the applied irrigation water amount by 64.1% and 61.2%, respectively, compared with traditional surface irrigation (TSI). The total annual amount of applied irrigation water for CSIS with S-BIS method, CSIS with T-BIS method, and TSI was 21.04, 22.76, and 58.71 m3 palm−1, respectively. The water productivity at the CSIS with S-BIS (1.783 kg m−3) and T-BIS (1.44 kg m−3) methods was significantly higher compared to the TSI (0.531 kg m−3). The CSIS with the S-BIS method kept the volumetric water content in the functional root zone next to the field capacity compared to the T-BIS method. The deigned CSIS with the S-BIS method characterized by the positive impact on the irrigation water management and enhancement on fruit yield of the date palm is quite proper for date palm irrigation in the arid regions.

scholarly journals Estimating the Pan Evaporation in Northwest China by Coupling CatBoost with Bat Algorithm

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Liming Dong ◽  
Wenzhi Zeng ◽  
Lifeng Wu ◽  
Guoqing Lei ◽  
Haorui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Bat Algorithm ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Semi Arid

Accurate estimation of pan evaporation (Ep) is vital for the development of water resources and agricultural water management, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where it is restricted to set up the facilities and measure pan evaporation accurately and consistently. Besides, using pan evaporation estimating models and pan coefficient (kp) models is a classic method to assess the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) which is indispensable to crop growth, irrigation scheduling, and economic assessment. This study estimated the potential of a novel hybrid machine learning model Coupling Bat algorithm (Bat) and Gradient boosting with categorical features support (CatBoost) for estimating daily pan evaporation in arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China. Two other commonly used algorithms including random forest (RF) and original CatBoost (CB) were also applied for comparison. The daily meteorological data for 12 years (2006–2017) from 45 weather stations in arid and semi-arid areas of China, including minimum and maximum air temperature (Tmin, Tmax), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (U), and global solar radiation (Rs), were utilized to feed the three models for exploring the ability in predicting pan evaporation. The results revealed that the new developed Bat-CB model (RMSE = 0.859–2.227 mm·d−1; MAE = 0.540–1.328 mm·d−1; NSE = 0.625–0.894; MAPE = 0.162–0.328) was superior to RF and CB. In addition, CB (RMSE = 0.897–2.754 mm·d−1; MAE = 0.531–1.77 mm·d−1; NSE = 0.147–0.869; MAPE = 0.161–0.421) slightly outperformed RF (RMSE = 1.005–3.604 mm·d−1; MAE = 0.644–2.479 mm·d−1; NSE = −1.242–0.894; MAPE = 0.176–0.686) which had poor ability to operate the erratic changes of pan evaporation. Furthermore, the improvement of Bat-CB was presented more comprehensively and obviously in the seasonal and spatial performance compared to CB and RF. Overall, Bat-CB has high accuracy, robust stability, and huge potential for Ep estimation in arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China and the applications of findings in this study have equal significance for adjacent countries.

scholarly journals The Application of Hydrogel in Agriculture for Reducing High Pumping of Irrigation Water in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhakim Boutalbi ◽  
Mohammed seghir NILI
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Soil Moisture Retention ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract The application of hydrogel in agriculture has gained a wide interest in the last decades due to the great benefits that it has provided to this sector. In Algeria, agriculture suffers from two main issues: water shortage and climate change, especially in the south of the country (Sahara), which is classified within the arid and semi-arid regions, where irrigation is based exclusively on groundwater. This paper presents an experiment of hydrogel application in agricultural soil for reducing overexploitation of groundwater used for irrigation. Hydrogels are super absorbent polymers. They are biodegradable and have the ability to absorb and retain a large amount of water. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of hydrogel on the efficiency of soil moisture retention through treating sandy soil with different doses of hydrogel. The results indicate that the application of hydrogel can increase the water retaining capacity of sandy soil up to 40%.

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