Methods of Assessing Properties and Behavioral Characteristics of Toxic Components of Exhaust Gases from Stationary and Mobile Sources of Air Pollution in Major Cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (Spl Edition Nov. 14) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Igorevich Bespalov ◽  
Lubov Zakharovna Ganicheva ◽  
Natalia Vladimirovna Yudina ◽  
Oksana Nickolaevna Paramonova ◽  
Tatiana Leonidovna Pirozhnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Toxic Components

scholarly journals EMMISION OF POLLUTANTS ORIGINATING FROM MOBILE SOURCES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF KRAGUJEVAC

2019 ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Zoran Marjanović ◽  
Miomir Raos ◽  
Milena Jovanovic ◽  
Jovana Randjelović
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
The City

Traffic jam makes cities less pleasant for living and it also decreases traffic efficiency whereas travel time, fuel consumption and drivers’ stress are increased. A special problem is its influence on people’s health caused by emission of exhaust gases. Emission of pollutants originating from mobile sources is primarily conditioned by a level of technologies applied to the vehicle, vehicle’s technical state, traffic intensity, traffic density, local climate conditions, etc. Air pollution due to use of motor vehicles is becoming one of the major problems in urban areas across the world. With the increase of the number of motor vehicles and traffic intensification, the influence of exhaust gases on human environment also has increased. Considering the average age of the vehicles participating in traffic in the city of Kragujevac and the traffic capacity of traffic arteries, most frequently not designed for such a large number of vehicles concentrated at the core of the city, it is to be expected that the air pollution coming from mobile sources will become a problem that requires detailed analysis. For that purpose, a detailed statistical analysis of the vehicle fleet of the city of Kragujevac is conducted. An estimation of the influence of the vehicles on the air pollution in the city of Kragujevac, has been given in the paper.

USE OF NORTHERN ECOTYPE SOYBEANS FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
SERGEY N. DEVYANIN ◽  
◽  
VLADIMIR A. MARKOV ◽  
ALEKSANDR G. LEVSHIN ◽  
TAMARA P. KOBOZEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Oil Productivity ◽  
Toxic Components

The paper presents the results of long-term research on the oil productivity and chemical composition of soybean oil of the Northern ecotype varieties in the Central Non-Black Earth Region. The authors consider its possible use for biodiesel production. Experiments on growing soybeans were carried out on the experimental fi eld of Russian State Agrarian University –Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (2008-2019) on recognized ultra-early ripening varieties of the Northern ecotype Mageva, Svetlaya, Okskaya (ripeness group 000). Tests were set and the research results were analyzed using standard approved methods. It has been shown that in conditions of high latitudes (57°N), limited thermal resources of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia (the sum of active temperatures of the growing season not exceeding 2000°С), the yield and productivity of soybeans depend on the variety and moisture supply. Over the years, the average yield of soybeans amounted to 1.94 … 2.62 t/ha, oil productivity – 388 … 544 kg/ha, oil content – 19…20%, the content of oleic and linoleic fatty acids in oil – 60%, and their output from seeds harvested – 300 kg/ha. It has been established that as soybean oil and diesel fuel have similar properties,they can be mixed by conventional methods in any proportions and form stable blends that can be stored for a long time. Experimental studies on the use of soybean oil for biodiesel production were carried out on a D-245 diesel engine (4 ChN11/12.5). The concentrations of toxic components (CO, CHx, and NOx) in the diesel exhaust gases were determined using the SAE-7532 gas analyzer. The smoke content of the exhaust gases was measured with an MK-3 Hartridge opacimeter. It has been experimentally established that the transfer of a diesel engine from diesel fuel to a blend of 80% diesel fuel and 20% lubrication oil leads to a change in the integral emissions per test cycle: nitrogen oxides in 0.81 times, carbon monoxide in 0.89 times and unburned hydrocarbons in 0.91 times, i.e. when biodiesel as used as a motor fuel in a serial diesel engine, emissions of all gaseous toxic components are reduced. The study has confi rmed the expediency of using soybeans of the Northern ecotype for biofuel production.

scholarly journals Development of a Line Source Dispersion Model for Gaseous Pollutants by Incorporating Wind Shear near the Ground under Stable Atmospheric Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Saisantosh Vamshi Harsha Madiraju ◽  
Ashok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wind Shear ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Input Variables

Transportation sources are a major contributor to air pollution in urban areas. The role of air quality modeling is vital in the formulation of air pollution control and management strategies. Many models have appeared in the literature to estimate near-field ground level concentrations from mobile sources moving on a highway. However, current models do not account explicitly for the effect of wind shear (magnitude) near the ground while computing the ground level concentrations near highways from mobile sources. This study presents an analytical model based on the solution of the convective-diffusion equation by incorporating the wind shear near the ground for gaseous pollutants. The model input includes emission rate, wind speed, wind direction, turbulence, and terrain features. The dispersion coefficients are based on the near field parameterization. The sensitivity of the model to compute ground level concentrations for different inputs is presented for three different downwind distances. In general, the model shows Type III sensitivity (i.e., the errors in the input will show a corresponding change in the computed ground level concentrations) for most of the input variables. However, the model equations should be re-examined for three input variables (wind velocity at the reference height and two variables related to the vertical spread of the plume) to make sure that that the model is valid for computing ground level concentrations.

scholarly journals Studies on Air Pollution Caused by Automobile Exhaust Gases (Report I)

1967 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-570
Author(s):  
Yasushi Kodama ◽  
Eizaburo Kunitake ◽  
Noburu Ishinishi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Automobile Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases

scholarly journals Studies on Air Pollution from Automobile Exhaust Gases : (Rept. 5) Concentrations of C_1-C_6 Hydrocarbons and Some Inorganic Gases during Idling

Sangyo Igaku ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
H. Shoji ◽  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
K. Nishida ◽  
Y. Ishikawa ◽  
S. Takada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Automobile Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases

scholarly journals Studies on Air Pollution owing to the Automobile Exhaust Gases.

1967 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikaru Shoji ◽  
Takeo Yamamoto ◽  
Konosuke Nishida ◽  
Yoshinori Ishikawa ◽  
Susumu Takada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Automobile Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases

Monitoring of Pollutions of Atmosphere in Conditions of Big Industrial Town on the Exhample of Togliatti

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
A.V. Vasilyev
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
The State ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Industrial Town ◽  
Air Pollutions

Results of ecological monitoring of air pollution in conditions of big industrial town on the example of Togliatti town are submitted. On the basis of measurements and calculations results of comparative analysis of negative impact of industrial air pollutions and exhaust gases of automobile transport to the state of atmosphere of Togliatti town was carried out. In total results of researches are allowing to conclude that the main source of air pollution is automobile transport.

scholarly journals Studies on Air Pollution from Automobile Exhaust Gases : (Rept. 6) Concentrations of C_1-C_6 Hydrocarbons and Some Inorganic Gases during Cruising

Sangyo Igaku ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
H. Shoji ◽  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
K. Nishida ◽  
Y. Ishikawa ◽  
S. Takada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Automobile Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases

scholarly journals Air pollution as the cause of urban stress. A case study: Nemanjica Boulevard, Nis, Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-412
Author(s):  
Milos Petrovic ◽  
Slavisa Trajkovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Boundary Values ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Healthy Functioning ◽  
Code Book ◽  
Urban Stress

Topic of this paper is air pollution as a cause of urban stress. This problem is analyzed within a case study in Bulevar Nemanjica in Nis. For the observed location, the measurements were conducted in a period of eight months (May 2007 - June 2007) by the Health Protection Institute in Nis. Motor traffic exhaust gases which were observed were: carbon-monoxide (CO), nitro-oxide (Nox) formaldehyde (HCHO). Measurements were taken at "Bulevar" green market, b standard methodology prescribed by the boundary values code book, immision measurement method, criteria for creation of measuring points and data records. Concentration of exhaust gases of motor vehicles did not exceed permissible limits, except carbon monoxide in May, while it continued to decrease and remained within the legal limits. If the Mediana - Bulevar Nemanjica location was enriched by green surface and pedestrian zones, this would lead to the decrease of exhaust gases concentration. That would prevent endangering environment and facilitate its healthy functioning.

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