Effect of Native Bioinoculants on Vegetable Crops Grown on Alkaline Soil Under Field Conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kashyap ◽  
Satyawati Sharma ◽  
Padma Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Vegetable Crops

Evaluation of Imazethapyr for Weed Control in Leafy Vegetable Crops

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Dusky ◽  
William M. Stall
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Common Purslane

Imazethapyr was evaluated PRE and POST in five lettuce types and chicory under Florida field conditions. The relative sensitivity of leafy crop vigor (most sensitive to most tolerant) to imazethapyr PRE, based on 20% inhibition determined using regression analysis, was as follows: Boston > bibb > crisphead > romaine > leaf > escarole > endive. Leafy crop injury increased as the rate of imazethapyr applied POST increased, with all leafy crops responding in a similar manner. Surfactant addition increased imazethapyr phytotoxicity. Imazethapyr PRE treatments at 0.067 kg ai/ha provided greater than 80% control of livid amaranth, common purslane, flatsedge, and common lambsquarters. Imazethapyr POST at 0.067 kg/ha, with surfactant provided control greater than 85% of all weed species. Greater than 85% spiny amaranth control was provided by imazethapyr POST at 0.017 kg/ha. Use of surfactant with imazethapyr did not improve spiny amaranth control over imazethapyr with no surfactant. POST treatments did not decrease leafy crop yield compared with the hand-weeded check. Imazethapyr applied PRE reduced crop yield compared to the POST treatments and the hand-weeded control.

scholarly journals Effect of Vermicompost on Chemical and Biological Properties of an Alkaline Soil with High Lime Content during Celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce Mill.) Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilker UZ ◽  
Sahriye SONMEZ ◽  
Ismail Emrah TAVALI ◽  
Sedat CITAK ◽  
Dilek Saadet URAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Lime Content ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to investigate impact of vermicompost on chemical and biological properties of an alkaline soil with high lime content in the presence of plant under the open field conditions in semiarid Mediterranean region of Turkey. The study also included farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers for comparison and was conducted in two consecutive growth seasons in the same plots to observe any cumulative effect. Plots were amended with fertilizers in different rates and celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce Mill.) was grown as the test plant. In general, vermicompost appeared to be more effective to increase organic matter, N, P, and Ca compared to farmyard manure. Soil alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase activities, especially in the second growth season, were significantly elevated by the vermicompost application. Urease activity, however, appeared not to be influenced by the type of organic fertilizer. A slight but statistically significant difference was detected between organic amendments in terms of number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria with vermicompost giving the lower values. Results showed that, in general, vermicompost significantly alters chemical and biological properties of the alkaline soil with high lime content during celery production under field conditions compared to farmyard manure and that it has a high potential to be used as an alternative to conventional organic fertilizers in agricultural production in the Mediterranean region of Turkey.

scholarly journals Suitable Hosts of Root Knot Nematode Attack: An Assessment on the Basis of Morphological Size Variations and Population Density under Field Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamini Sahu ◽  
Surendra K. Gautam ◽  
Aditi N. Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Meloidogyne Species

Root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) are major pests of vegetable crops causing serious losses in quantity and quality of crop yield. This study involves an assessment of their suitable hosts on the basis of variations in their population densities and body sizes in different vegetable crop plants under field conditions. A random survey of root knot nematode infestation in vegetable crops was conducted in 9 villages of Abhanpur block, Chhattisgarh state, Central India, from January 2012 to March 2012.  Diseased plants were identified on the basis of above ground symptoms and soil and root samples collected by digging. Extraction of nematodes was done by Cobb’s sieving and decantation method and Baerman’s funnel technique. Identification was done microscopically by morphological examination of perineal patterns of female nematodes. Body sizes were measured by using an eyepiece/ocular micrometer. Twenty nine percent of the total farm area surveyed suffered from root knot nematode attack. Among the several genera of vegetable crop plants surveyed, Lycopersicon esculentum, Dolichos lablab, Solanum melongena, Momordica charantia, Daucus carota,Capsicum annum,Cucumis sativus had root galls. Three species of root knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. areneria were identified from the above hosts and a comparative morphometric analysis of the body, head and neck size ratios of females were done. Non-significant body and head size variations existing between the females from D. lablab, S. melongena, C. annum, D. carota, L. esculentum showed that all the crops are equally susceptible to root knot nematode attack.  However, on the basis of nematode population density, D. carrota appears to be the best suitable host of the Meloidogyne species other than L. esculentum and S. melongena.

scholarly journals (185) Response of Vegetable Crops to Mycorrhizal Inoculation in a Calcareous Soil in the Tropics

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1000C-1000
Author(s):  
Mari Marutani ◽  
Joseph Tuquero ◽  
Robert Schlub ◽  
James McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
The Tropics

The effects of a vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus aggregatum inoculation were examined on growth of vegetable crops in pot culture and field experiments with Guam cobbly clay loam soil (clayey, gibbsitic, nonacid, isohyperthermic Lithic Ustorthents). In pot experiments, the growth response of yard-long beans (Vigna unguiculata subs. sesquipendalis), sweet corn (Zea mays), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), green onion (Allium fistulosum), eggplant (Solanum melongena), and papaya (Carica papaya) were significantly improved with mycorrhizal inoculation. A pot experiment was also conducted to evaluate effects of G. aggregatum inoculation on the growth of corn seedlings at four different water regimes. Seedlings inoculated with G. aggregatum significantly improved the plant growth and the mineral uptake at all levels of water treatments. In the first field trial, prior to seed sowing the media in seedling trays were either inoculated or not inoculated with G. aggregatum. Treated watermelon and eggplant seedlings were transplanted in field. It was found that inoculating seedlings did not improve the harvest yield of two fruit-bearing crops. The second field experiment was conducted to study G. aggregatum inoculation and different levels of inorganic fertilizer application on growth of corn. Mycorrhizal colonization had positive effects on corn development and uptake of some minerals such as Fe. Experiments in the study suggested potential uses of a mycorrhizal fungus in an alkaline soil in the tropics.

scholarly journals Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in agroecosystems of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
T. Rudnieva ◽  
T. Shevchenko ◽  
A. Shevchenko ◽  
I. Budzanivska
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Planting Material

Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a widespread pathogen capable of infecting plants cultivated in both greenhouse and openfield conditions with equal efficiency. The host range of CGMMV is restricted to cucurbit plants whereas induced crop losses may reach 25–50 %. Despite the wide array of available antiviral techniques, CGMMV could not be completely removed from the seed/planting material. In Ukraine, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus occurs almost exclusively on greenhouse cucumbers. However, data from other countries suggest wide spread of CGMMV on watermelons, melons, cucumbers and squashes grown in both greenhouse and open-field conditions. In this view and taking into account high pathogenicity of CGMMV, we aimed at studying spread of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in Ukraine on cucurbit plants in the open-field conditions. Methods: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electron microscopy, statistical methods. Results : Spread of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) on cucurbit vegetable crops grown in open-field conditions was analyzed in Ukraine. It was shown that CGMMV is an extremely rare pathogen in open-field conditions in our country. Duringthelast 8 years we have confirmed only several cases of CGMMV infection on cucumbers, squash, pumpkin and melon in Kyiv and Poltava regions. Additionally, half of these cases were mixed infection of 2–3 viruses. From 250 collected samples, CGMMV was detected in 5 plants totaling to only 2,4 %. Importantly, monoinfection of CGMMV was shown exclusively on cucumbers and watermelons, whereas melons and squashes were mixed infected. Melons were typically infected with CGMMV and Watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV 2) or with WMV 2 and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Squash plants were infected with CGMMV and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV).Consequently, we have checked commercially available seeds of cucumber, squash, zucchini, melon and watermelon from different producers in Ukraine for virus contamination and have confirmed the occurrence of CGMMV in some seed batches. Conclusions: Long-term observations in Ukraine showed that Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus infected mostly cucumbers cultivated in greenhouses and was only rarely found in cucurbits grown in open-field conditions. Screening of commercially available seed material indicated that 16 % of it was contaminated with CGMMV. Basing on available data, it is presumed that virus-contaminated seed material may pose a major threat of CGMMV occurrence and spread on cucurbits cultivated in open-field conditions.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF FUNGICIDES IN FIELD CONDITIONS FROM VEGETABLE CROPS AGAINST TOMATO DISEASE.

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 813-815
Author(s):  
Gulchehra Kulmuminovna Xalmuminova ◽  
◽  
Gulasal Nurilloevna Sulaymonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Tomato Disease

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Extraction Methods of Tomato on Physiological Quality of Seeds and Seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Degwale ◽  
Tiru Tesfa ◽  
Belete Meseret
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
Physiological Quality

Abstract Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae is one of the most popular and most processed vegetable crops worldwide with a great nutritional contribution to the human diet. Even though its demand is increasing with increasing profitability, the production constricted by lack of quality seeds due mainly to lack of proper seed extraction method particularly for large scale seed production. Extensive disease epidemics might also be due to unsatisfactory seed extraction method. Empirical evidences are scanty on instant and latent effects of seed extraction methods of tomato seeds. Thus, this study was initiated to investigate the effect of seed extraction methods on physiological quality of seeds and seedlings of tomato. The experiment was carried under laboratory and field conditions in a completely randomized design. Results revealed that the highest germination percent (99.33 and 89.76% under laboratory and field conditions respectively) was obtained at 2% HCl for 60 minutes. Whereas, maximum weight of 1000 seeds (4.277g) was found at 1% of HCl for 30 minutes whereas maximum mycoflora load (36%) was observed from 72 hours fermentation. Yet, no mycoflora was detected from higher concentration (2% and more HCl) and time length (60 minutes and longer time). Seed quality parameters like seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, and vigour indices were significantly higher at extraction method of 2% HCl for 60 minutes. Thus it can be concluded that maximum physiological seed quality and best performance of seedlings of tomato can be obtained from 2% HCl for 60 minutes.

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