Climate indicators and the impact on morbidity and mortality of acute respiratory infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Amaury de Souza ◽  
Fernanda A. Andrade ◽  
Pelumi E. Oguntunde ◽  
Milica Arsic ◽  
Debora A.S. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Climate Indicators ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals 141. Implementation of Veterans Affairs Outpatient Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Acute Respiratory Infections, a Stepped Wedge Randomized Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S81-S82
Author(s):  
Grace Mortrude ◽  
Mary Rehs ◽  
Katherine Sherman ◽  
Nathan Gundacker ◽  
Claire Dysart
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Stepped Wedge ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Outpatient antimicrobial prescribing is an important target for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions to decrease antimicrobial resistance in the United States. The objective of this study was to design, implement and evaluate the impact of AMS interventions focused on asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in the outpatient setting. Methods This randomized, stepped-wedge trial evaluated the impact of educational interventions to providers on adult patients presenting to primary care (PC) clinics for ARIs and ASB from 10/1/19 to 1/31/20. Data was collected by retrospective chart review. An antibiotic prescribing report card was provided to PC providers, then an educational session was delivered at each PC clinic. Patient education materials were distributed to PC clinics. Interventions were made in a step-wise (figure 1) fashion. The primary outcome was percentage of overall antibiotic prescriptions as a composite of prescriptions for ASB, acute bronchitis, upper-respiratory infection otherwise unspecified, uncomplicated sinusitis, and uncomplicated pharyngitis. Secondary outcomes included individual components of the primary outcome, a composite safety endpoint of related hospital, emergency department or primary care visit within 4 weeks, antibiotic appropriateness, and patient satisfaction surveys. Figure 1 Results There were 887 patients included for analysis (405 pre-intervention, 482 post-intervention). Baseline characteristics are summarized in table 1. After controlling for type 1 error using a Bonferroni correction the primary outcome was not significantly different between groups (56% vs 49%). There was a statistically significant decrease in prescriptions for bronchitis (20.99% vs 12.66%; p=0.0003). Appropriateness of prescriptions for sinusitis (OR 4.96; CI 1.79–13.75; p=0.0021) and pharyngitis (OR 5.36; CI 1.93 – 14.90; p=0.0013) was improved in the post-intervention group. The composite safety outcome and patient satisfaction survey ratings did not differ between groups. Table 1 Conclusion Multifaceted educational interventions targeting providers can improve antibiotic prescribing for indications rarely requiring antimicrobials without increasing re-visit or patient satisfaction surveys. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Enhanced surveillance for covid-19 response in Lagos State, Nigeria: lessons learnt, 2020 (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Chukwuemeka Umeh ◽  
Khalid Abubakar ◽  
Peter Akinmusire ◽  
Adamu M. Isa ◽  
Aminu Zauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Surveillance Strategy ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2, the novel virus which causes the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has changed the world. No aspect of humanity is untouched from health, aviation, service industry, politics, economy, education, and entertainment to social and personal lives, since the outbreak of influenza-like illness in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The Lagos State COVID-19 response team deployed enhanced surveillance through Active Case Search (ACS) for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) at health facilities and communities in the 20 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Lagos State. Lagos State was the first state in Nigeria to deploy this specific surveillance strategy for Nigeria’s COVID-19 response. OBJECTIVE We documented the methods, findings, and review of the active case search for acute respiratory infections, part of COVID-19 response in 20 LGAs of Lagos State, between 1st April and 15th May 2020. METHODS We utilized descriptive and quantitative approaches to describe and assess the impact of the Active Case Search (ACS) for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in health facilities and communities in 20 LGAs of Lagos State between 1st April and 15th May 2020. RESULTS We found a significant difference in mean scores of suspected COVID-19 cases (M=60, SD=109, before ACS for ARI compared to M=568, SD=732, after ACS for ARI, P=0.0039), confirmed cases (M=10, SD=19, before ACS for ARI compared to M=144, SD=187, after ACS for ARI, P=0.0028) and contacts (M=56, SD=116, before ACS for ARI compared to M=152, SD=177, after ACS for ARI, P=0.044) before and after ACS for ARI in 20 LGAs of Lagos State, between 1st April and 15th May 2020. CONCLUSIONS The deployment of the Lagos State government’s polio-eradication structure for the COVID-19 response is both innovative and effective. The response to COVID-19 requires robust surveillance, credible and timely communication, collaboration, coordination among government, inter-governmental organizations (e.g., WHO), non-governmental organizations, and citizens to succeed and limit the medical, economic, social, and personal losses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Determinants of Morbidity and Mortality Due to Acute Respiratory Infections: Implications for Intervention

1988 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Tupasi ◽  
M. A. Velmonte ◽  
M. E. G. Sanvictores ◽  
L. Abraham ◽  
L. E. De Leon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections

Population-Based Study of the Impact of Childcare Attendance on Hospitalizations for Acute Respiratory Infections

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kamper-Jorgensen ◽  
J. Wohlfahrt ◽  
J. Simonsen ◽  
M. Gronbaek ◽  
C. S. Benn
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Polusi Udara Kendaraan Bermotor Tidak Berpengaruh Terhadap Penyakit ISPA

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Sri Neneng Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Motor Vehicle Pollution Doesn't Affect Against ISPA Disease. Air pollution is a problem that often occurs in the big cities, one of which is in the city of Bandung. Air pollution can cause various diseases from the most important ones namely respiratory, cardiovascular diseases, and to other diseases that attack certain organs. Based on the results of the study, air pollution from the transportation sector reached 60 percents, therefore this study will highlight the impact of motor vehicle air pollution on human’s health in Bandung, especially Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI), because the disease is the 2nd largest of the 20 biggest types of diseases in Community Health Centers / Puskesmas in Bandung. From several air pollutant parameters resulting from vehicle exhaust emissions, SO2 compounds were studied, because SO2 can cause irritation to the respiratory tract. This research using descriptive method, it can be concluded that air pollution caused by vehicle exhaust emission gas doesn’t directly affect the occurrence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in Bandung. The disease can occur due to other factors not examined in this paper, due to indoor air pollution, cigarette smoke pollution, industrial pollution or the continued use of synthetic chemicals.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the health-seeking behaviour of an Asian population with acute respiratory infections in a densely populated community

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwee Mian Jane Tan ◽  
Mui Suan Tan ◽  
Zi Ying Chang ◽  
Kee Tung Tan ◽  
Guan Liang Adrian Ee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to the implementation of various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) as the Singapore government escalated containment efforts from DORSCON Orange to Circuit Breaker. NPI include mandatory mask wearing, hand hygiene, social distancing, and closure of schools and workplaces. Considering the similar mode of transmission of COVID-19 and other pathogens related to acute respiratory infections (ARI), the effects of NPI could possibly lead to decreased ARI attendances in the community. This study aims to determine the year-on-year and weekly changes of ARI attendances across a cluster of polyclinics following the implementation of NPI. Methods The effect of the nation-wide measures on the health-seeking behaviour of the study population was examined over three periods: (1) 9 weeks prior to the start of Circuit Breaker (DORSCON Orange period), (2) 8 weeks during the Circuit Breaker, and (3) 9 weeks after easing of Circuit Breaker. Data on ARI attendances for the corresponding periods in 2019 were also extracted for comparison and to assess the seasonal variations of ARI. The average weekly workday ARI attendances were compared with those of the preceding week using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results ARI attendances dropped steadily throughout the study period and were 50–80% lower than in 2019 since Circuit Breaker. They remained low even after Circuit Breaker ended. Positivity rate for influenza-like illnesses samples in the community was 0.0% from the last week of Circuit Breaker to end of study period. Conclusions NPI and public education measures during DORSCON Orange and Circuit Breaker periods appear to be associated with the health-seeking behaviour of the public. Changing levels of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers, and widespread visual cues based on the Health Belief Model may account for this change. Understanding the impact of NPI and shifts in the public’s health-seeking behaviour will be relevant and helpful in the planning of future pandemic responses.

scholarly journals Cognición sobre infecciones respiratorias agudas de madres con niños preescolares: una intervención de enfermería

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helibio Alan-Mamani ◽  
Denices S. Abarca-Fernández ◽  
Tita Flores-de-Quispe
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact

<p>La investigación se realizó con el objetivo de determinar el impacto de la intervención enfermería en la cognición sobre prevención de infecciones respiratorias agudas en madres con niños pre escolares y el diseño de un programa de intervención, que propicia el aprendizaje significativo en las madres. El estudio fue de tipo pre experimental con diseño pre y post test. La población estuvo conformada por 50 madres de niños pre-escolares, y la muestra por 33 madres de estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Inicial N° 1357 “Señor de los Milagros” – Juliaca-2015. La recolección de datos se realizó con la encuesta, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario en el pretest y el postest, 15 días después de concluir con las intervenciones. El análisis de datos se realizó en forma porcentual y la contrastación de la hipótesis con la prueba Z calculada. Los resultados del estudio demuestran que antes de la intervención de enfermería, la cognición de las madres sobre las infecciones respiratorias agudas, el 64% fue deficiente, 27% regular y 9% bueno mientras que, después de la intervención la cognición prospera a bueno al 70% y 30% a regular. Por tanto, la intervención de enfermería con el modelo Andragógico es efectiva para optimizar la cognición, confirmada, con un nivel de significancia de p&lt;0.05.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><pre>The research was conducted in order to determine the impact of nursing interventions on cognition on acute respiratory infections in mothers with pre school children. The study was pre experimental, with pre and post test design; The population for the study was composed of 50 mothers with pre school children, the sample consisting 0f 33 mothers  from students of initial educational institution  1357 “Señor de los Milagros”  Juliaca-2015. Data collection was performed with the survey, by applying a questionnaire in the pretest and posttest, 15 days after concluding interventions. Data analysis was performed on a percentage basis and the testing of the hypothesis test with the Z calculated. The study results show that before the nursing intervention, cognition of mothers on acute respiratory infections, 64% was poor, 27% regularly and 9% good while after intervention cognition thrives well at 70% and 30% regulate. Therefore, the nursing intervention with Andragogic model is effective to optimize cognition, confirmed, with a significance level of p = 0.05.</pre><pre>Keywords: Nursing care, educational intervention, cognition, acute respiratory infections, children</pre><p> </p>

scholarly journals Correlation between universal BCG vaccination policy and reduced morbidity and mortality for COVID-19: an epidemiological study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Miller ◽  
Mac Josh Reandelar ◽  
Kimberly Fasciglione ◽  
Violeta Roumenova ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Late Start ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19 has spread to most countries in the world. Puzzlingly, the impact of the disease is different in different countries. These differences are attributed to differences in cultural norms, mitigation efforts, and health infrastructure. Here we propose that national differences in COVID- 19 impact could be partially explained by the different national policies respect to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) childhood vaccination. BCG vaccination has been reported to offer broad protection to respiratory infections. We compared large number of countries BCG vaccination policies with the morbidity and mortality for COVID-19. We found that countries without universal policies of BCG vaccination (Italy, Nederland, USA) have been more severely affected compared to countries with universal and long-standing BCG policies. Countries that have a late start of universal BCG policy (Iran, 1984) had high mortality, consistent with the idea that BCG protects the vaccinated elderly population. We also found that BCG vaccination also reduced the number of reported COVID-19 cases in a country. The combination of reduced morbidity and mortality makes BCG vaccination a potential new tool in the fight against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Acute respiratory infections in children from a deprived urban population from Uruguay

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Hortal ◽  
Myriam Contera ◽  
Cristina Mogdasy ◽  
José Carlos Russi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Base Line Data

To obtain base line data on incidence, duration, clinical characteristics and etiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI), 276 children from deprived families living in Montevideo were followed during 32 months. The target population was divided into two groups for the analysis of the results: children aged less than 12 months and those older than this age. During the follow-up period 1.056 ARI episodes were recorded. ARI incidence was 5.2 per child/year. It was 87% higher in infants than in the older group, as was the duration of the episodes. Most of the diseases were mild. Tachypnea and retractions were seldom observed, but 12 children were refered to the hospital, and 2 infants died. Viral etiology was identified in 15.3% of the episodes. RSV was the predominant agent producing annual outbreaks. Moderate to heavy colonization of the upper respiratory tract by Streptococcus pneumoniae (32.3%) and Hemophilus sp. (18.9%) was recorded during ARI episodes. This community-based study furnish original data on ARI in Uruguay. It enabled to asses the impact of these infections on childhood.

The impact of Saffold cardiovirus in patients with acute respiratory infections in Yamagata, Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 669-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi ◽  
Katsumi Mizuta ◽  
Chieko Abiko ◽  
Tsutomu Itagaki ◽  
Masakazu Yoshizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Impact
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