Intensity-dependent effect of pulsed and continuous therapeutic ultrasound on endothelial function: a randomised crossover clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Melina Hauck ◽  
Felipe da Silva Paulitsch ◽  
Jeferson Mendez Cruz ◽  
Cassio Noronha Martins ◽  
Murilo Rezende Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Therapeutic Ultrasound ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Healthy Participants

Background/Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different intensities and waveforms of therapeutic ultrasound on endothelial function in typically healthy participants. Methods A total of 15 participants were evaluated over 2 consecutive days. Different intensities of continuous and pulsed (20% duty cycle) 1-MHz ultrasound were applied to the brachial artery for 5 minutes each. Endothelial function was measured using flow-mediated dilation technique before and immediately after ultrasound was applied. Results Compared to baseline values, endothelium-dependent vasodilation increased with both continuous (2.8%) and pulsed (1.6%) ultrasound at an intensity of 0.4 W/cm2SPTA. At 1.2 W/cm2SPTA, endothelium-dependent vasodilation was 4.1% above baseline for pulsed and 5.3% above baseline for continuous waveforms. There was no additional increase in vasodilation at intensities above 1.2 W/cm2SPTA. The percentage of endothelium-dependent vasodilation was similar for the all of the different waveforms studied. Conclusions Both continuous and pulsed ultrasound waveforms promote endothelium-dependent vasodilation. There was a dose-dependent increase in vasodilation at intensities from 0.4 W/cm2SPTA to 1.2 W/cm2SPTA. Pulsed is more efficient than continuous ultrasound because it produces the same effect on endothelium-dependent vasodilation while employing 20% of the energy applied with continuous ultrasound.

scholarly journals Dose-dependent effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on callus formation during rapid distraction osteogenesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2072-2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Wai Chan ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
Kwong Man Lee ◽  
Wing Hoi Cheung ◽  
Jack Chun Yiu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect

Dosisabhängiger Anstieg der transkapillären Diffusion von Natriumfluoreszein nach Histamin-Mikroinjektionen

VASA ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Läuchli ◽  
Franzeck ◽  
Leu ◽  
Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Fluorescence Light ◽  
Video Densitometry ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect

Background: To study the dose-dependent effects of histamine on capillary permeability in human skin, using the microinjection technique. Patients and methods: Eight healthy volunteers (2 w, 6 m; mean age 33 years) were included in the study. On two separate occasions, glass microcannulas with a tip diameter of 7 to 9 mum were inserted into the subepidermal layer of the skin at the distal medial tibia surface of each lower limb with a micromanipulator. In each subject, 0.5 mul of 3 different concentrations of histamine solution (0.1™, 0.01™ and 0.001™) were injected and compared to the solvent (0.9% NaCl). Transcapillary diffusion of intraveneously administered Na-fluorescein was assessed simultaneously using two fluorescence videomicroscopy systems. Off-line video densitometry was performed in an area of 0.56 mm2 around the injection sites and fluorescence light intensities were measured in arbitrary units (AU) at 10, 30, 60, 120 and 600 s after dye appearance. Results: Compared to the solvent histamine microinjections resulted in a dose-dependent increase of mean fluorescence light intensities (FLI). Whereas mean FLI for the 0.001™ histamine injection was only significantly elevated 10 min after dye appearence (p < 0.05) an increase of mean FLI was already observed 10 s after dye appearence following the 0.1™ histamine injection (p < 0.05), which was more pronounced at later time points (p < 0.001). Mean FLI’s for the 0.01™ histamine solution were in between and resulted in significantly elevated values 1 min to 10 min after dye appearence (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that the microinjection technique together with fluorescence videomicroscopy described previously [6] is able to document a dose-dependent effect of histamine microinjections on skin capillary permeability. The technique may facilitate to determine appropriate dosages not only of histamine in order to test the effect of antagonists on human skin capillary permeability.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Physiological Response followingIn VivoAdministration ofAstragalus membranaceus

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Denzler ◽  
Jessica Moore ◽  
Heather Harrington ◽  
Kira Morrill ◽  
Trung Huynh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The botanical,Astragalus membranaceus, is a therapeutic in traditional Chinese medicine. Limited literature exists on the overallin vivoeffects ofA. membranaceuson the human body. This study evaluates the physiological responses toA. membranaceusby measuring leukocyte, platelet, and cytokine responses as well as body temperature and blood pressure in healthy individuals after thein vivoadministration ofA. membranaceus. A dose-dependent increase in monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes was measured 8–12 hours after administration and an increase in the number of circulating platelets was seen as early as 4 hours. A dynamic change in the levels of circulating cytokines was observed, especially in interferon-γand tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-13, IL-6, and soluble IL-2R. Subjective symptoms reported by participants were similar to those typically experienced in viral type immune responses and included fatigue, malaise, and headache. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were reduced within 4 hours after administration, while body temperature mildly increased within 8 hours after administration. In general, all responses returned to baseline values by 24 hours. Collectively, these results support the role ofA. membranaceusin priming for a potential immune response as well as its effect on blood flow and wound healing.

Bleeding Times in Rats Treated with Heparin, Heparin Fragments of High and Low Anticoagulant Activity and chemically Modified Heparin Fragments of Low Anticoagulant Activity

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (01) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Palm ◽  
Christer Mattsson ◽  
Carl Magnus Svahn ◽  
Michael Weber
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Bleeding Tendency ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect

SummaryA template bleeding time study in the rat was undertaken to see if it is possible to correlate bleeding times with the molecular weight, anticoagulant activity or chemical composition of heparin or heparin-derived compounds. Heparin from porcine intestinal rnucosa (PM-heparin) and from bovine lung (BL-heparin) as well as heparin fragments from these sources were compared. Heparin fragments of low anticoagulant activity were prepared by affinity chromatography on immobilized antithrombin as well as by chemical modification. A heparin fragment of high affinity for antithrombin (HA-fragment) caused a marked and dose-dependent increase in bleeding time while the corresponding heparin fragment with low affinity for antithrombin (LA-frugment) had a marginal and non-dose dependent effect on the bleeding time. Similar results were also obtained with PM-heparin with high and low affinity for antithrombin. A high anti-FXa activity was not always correlated with a marked bleeding tendency. Provided that a fragment was devoid of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) activity, it was not possible to provoke a bleeding time of 20 min or longer, although the compound was administered at a dose of 1,088 U/kg (anti-FXa activity). On the other hand, & Nacetylated chemically oversulphated heparin fragment, with a very low anti-FXa activity (1 U/mg) and with an APTT activity of 34UlmtB, caused a bleeding time of 20 min or longer in 70% of the animals after injection of the same number of Aprr units, 1,088 U/kg. These data indicate that the APTT activity is a better and more sensitive indicator of the bleeding than is the anti-FXa activity.

Non-cAMP-mediated bronchial arterial vasodilation in response to inhaled β-agonists

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Carvalho ◽  
Shane R. Johnson ◽  
Nirmal B. Charan
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Endogenous Nitric Oxide ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

Carvalho, Paula, Shane R. Johnson, Nirmal B. Charan.Non-cAMP-mediated bronchial arterial vasodilation in response to inhaled β-agonists. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 215–221, 1998.—We studied the dose-dependent effects of inhaled isoetharine HCl, a β-adrenergic bronchodilator (2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg), on bronchial blood flow (Q˙br) in anesthetized sheep. Isoetharine resulted in a dose-dependent increase in Q˙br. With a total dose of 17.5 mg, Q˙br increased from baseline values of 22 ± 3.4 (SE) to 60 ± 16 ml/min ( P < 0.001), an effect independent of changes in cardiac output and systemic arterial pressure. To further study whether synthesis of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) affects β-agonist-induced increases in Q˙br, we administered isoetharine (20 mg) by inhalation before and after the NO-synthase inhibitor N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). Intravenous l-NAME (30 mg/kg) rapidly decreased Q˙br by ∼80% of baseline, whereas l-NAME via inhalation (10 mg/kg) resulted in a delayed and smaller (∼22%) decrease. Pretreatment with l-NAME via both routes of administration attenuated bronchial arterial vasodilation after subsequent challenge with isoetharine. We conclude that isoetharine via inhalation increases Q˙br in a dose-dependent manner and that β-agonist-induced relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in the bronchial vasculature is partially mediated via synthesis of NO.

Increased Expression of u-PA and u-PAR on Monocytes by LDL and Lp(a) Lipoproteins – Consequences for Plasmin Generation and Monocyte Adhesion

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (04) ◽  
pp. 594-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Ganné ◽  
Marc Vasse ◽  
Jean-Louis Beaudeu ◽  
Jacqueline Peynet ◽  
Arnaud François ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Cell Surface Expression ◽  
Atheromatous Plaque ◽  
Monocyte Adhesion ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Proteolytic Cascade ◽  
Ecm Degradation ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummaryMonocyte-derived foam cells figure prominently in rupture-prone regions of atherosclerotic plaque. As urokinase/urokinase-receptor (u-PA/u-PAR) is the trigger of a proteolytic cascade responsible for ECM degradation, we have examined the effect of atherogenic lipoproteins on monocyte surface expression of u-PAR and u-PA. Peripheral blood monocytes, isolated from 10 healthy volunteers, were incubated with 10 to 200 µg/ml of native or oxidised (ox-) atherogenous lipoproteins for 18 h and cell surface expression of u-PA and u-PAR was analysed by flow cytometry. Both LDL and Lp(a) induced a dose-dependent increase in u-PA (1.6-fold increase with 200 μg/ml of ox-LDL) and u-PAR [1.7-fold increase with 200 μg/ml of ox-Lp(a)]. There is a great variability of the response among the donors, some of them remaining non-responders (absence of increase of u-PA or u-PAR) even at 200 μg/ml of lipoproteins. In positive responders, enhanced u-PA/u-PAR is associated with a significant increase of plasmin generation (1.9-fold increase with 200 μg/ml of ox-LDL), as determined by an amidolytic assay. Furthermore, monocyte adhesion to vitronectin and fibrinogen was significantly enhanced by the lipoproteins [respectively 2-fold and 1.7-fold increase with 200 μg/ml of ox-Lp(a)], due to the increase of u-PAR and ICAM-1, which are receptors for vitronectin and fibrinogen. These data suggest that atherogenous lipoproteins could contribute to the development of atheromatous plaque by increasing monocyte adhesion and trigger plaque weakening by inducing ECM degradation.

LH-RH TEST IN 100 PATIENTS WITH OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-J. Czygan ◽  
M. Breckwoldt ◽  
F. Lehmann ◽  
R. Langefeld ◽  
G. Bettendorf
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT The effect of synthetic LH-RH was studied in 100 patients with various types of ovarian insufficiency by following up the FSH- and LH-levels in plasma. LH-RH was administered in doses of 12.5, 25 and 100 μg as a rapid intravenous injection. The patients were classified according to the endocrine state of the pituitary as evidenced by the urinary gonadotrophin levels. A clear correlation between the functional state of the pituitary and its responsiveness to exogenous LH-RH was demonstrated. Most of the patients with undetectable low urinary gonadotrophin levels failed to respond. The majority of patients with gonadotrophin excretion in the normal range and those with elevated levels reacted with a dose dependent increase in circulating LH. The amount of liberated FSH however was related to the injected dose only in patients with high gonadotrophic excretion. The present study indicates that synthetic LH-RH provides a useful tool in the evaluation of the pitutiary function particularly in patients with low and with undetectable gonadotrophin excretion. The data presented in this paper also demonstrate that the functional state of the pituitary is clearly reflected by the urinary gonadotrophin levels.

Evaluation of the Laxative activity of Saponin Enriched Hydroethanolic Pericarp extract of Sapindus emarginatus in Animal models

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalitha Vivekanandan ◽  
Roxanne Gekonge Mandere ◽  
Sivakumar Thangavel
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Triterpene Saponins ◽  
Laxative Effect ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Efficacious Drug

Background: Constipation is a common, predominant, chronic gastrointestinal functional disorder. The drugs available to treat constipation are limited because of their side effects in long term use. So we need of efficacious drug to treat constipation. Sapindus emarginatus Vahl belongs to the family Sapindaceae, commonly known as soapnut. Traditionally used for the antipruritic, antifertility, constipation, and anti-inflammatory agents. Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the laxative activity of hydroethanolic pericarp extract of Sapindus emarginatus (HESE) in animal models. Methods: The saponin content in extract was measured by gravimetric analysis. The laxative activity of hydroethanolic pericarp extract of Sapindus emarginatus is evaluated by the weight of feces matter, charcoal meal hyperperistalsis test, and loperamide induced constipation model. Results: The saponin content of the soapnut pericarp was 13.48 % and the extract was found to be 11.92 %. The results obtained from these models showed a significant dose-dependent increase in fecal weight, peristalsis index, and moisture content compared to control animals. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the oral administration of HESE showed a significant laxative activity by using different animal models. The presence of triterpene saponins is responsible for this activity. Further studies are needed to confirm their mechanism behind the laxative effect. The administration of extract was found to be a valid candidate in constipation therapy.

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