scholarly journals Isolation calls of the bat Saccopteryx bilineata encode multiple messages

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahana Aurora Fernandez ◽  
Mirjam Knornschild
Keyword(s):  
Saccopteryx Bilineata ◽  
Multiple Messages

A histological examination of the holding sacs and glandular scent organs of some bat species (Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae, and Molossidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
William MR Scully ◽  
M B Fenton ◽  
A SM Saleuddin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Scent Gland ◽  
Light Microscope Level ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Saccopteryx Bilineata ◽  
The Face ◽  
Scanning Electron

Using histological techniques at the light-microscope level, we examined and compared structure and sexual dimorphism of the wing sacs and integumentary glandular scent organs of 11 species of microchiropteran bats. The antebrachial wing sacs of the Neotropical emballonurids Peropteryx macrotis, Saccopteryx bilineata, and Saccopteryx leptura differed in size and location but lacked sudoriferous and sebaceous glands, confirming that they were holding sacs rather than glandular scent organs. Glandular scent organs from 11 species consisted of sebaceous and (or) sudoriferous glands in emballonurids (P. macrotis, S. bilineata, S. leptura, Taphozous melanopogon, Taphozous nudiventris), hipposiderids (Hipposiderous fulvus, Hipposiderous ater), the phyllostomid Sturnira lilium, the vespertilionid Rhogeessa anaeus, and molossids (Molossus ater and Molossus sinaloe). Glandular scent organs were located on the face (H. fulvus, H. ater), gular region (S. bilineata, P. macrotis, T. melanopogon, M. ater, M. sinaloe), chest (T. nudiventris), shoulder (S. lilium), or ears (R. anaeus). Glandular scent organs showed greater similarities within than between families, and typically were rudimentary or lacking in females. Scanning electron microscope examination revealed that the hairs associated with glandular areas of male T. melanopogon were larger and had a different cuticular-scale pattern than body hairs. These were osmetrichia, hairs specialized for holding and dispersing glandular products. In S. lilium, hairs associated with the shoulder scent-gland area were larger than body hairs but similar in cuticular-scale pattern.

scholarly journals Emphasize personal health benefits to boost COVID-19 vaccination rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (32) ◽  
pp. e2108225118
Author(s):  
Madison Ashworth ◽  
Linda Thunström ◽  
Todd L. Cherry ◽  
Stephen C. Newbold ◽  
David C. Finnoff
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Multiple Messages ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact

The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines is a tremendous scientific response to the current global pandemic. However, vaccines per se do not save lives and restart economies. Their success depends on the number of people getting vaccinated. We used a survey experiment to examine the impact on vaccine intentions of a variety of public health messages identified as particularly promising: three messages that emphasize different benefits from the vaccines (personal health, the health of others, and the recovery of local and national economies) and one message that emphasizes vaccine safety. Because people will likely be exposed to multiple messages in the real world, we also examined the effect of these messages in combination. Based on a nationally quota representative sample of 3,048 adults in the United States, our findings suggest that several forms of public messages can increase vaccine intentions, but messaging that emphasizes personal health benefits had the largest impact.

Broadcasting multiple messages in the multiport model

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bar-Noy ◽  
Ching-Tien Ho
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Messages

Echolocation beam shape in emballonurid bats, Saccopteryx bilineata and Cormura brevirostris

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 1493-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasse Jakobsen ◽  
Elisabeth K. V. Kalko ◽  
Annemarie Surlykke
Keyword(s):  
Beam Shape ◽  
Saccopteryx Bilineata
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