scholarly journals Privatização da saúde no Brasil: da ditadura do grande capital aos governos do PT | Privatization of healthcare in Brazil: from big capital dictatorship to the PT administrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Fiuza Cislaghi
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Fund ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Historical Relationship

A construção do SUS se dá durante a ascensão do neoliberalismo como horizonte político hegemônico no Brasil na década de 1990. Resposta à crise do capital na busca pela retomada das taxas de lucro, o período traz profundas implicações para o Estado e as políticas sociais, colocados, cada vez mais, a serviço do capital, ainda que, residualmente, mantenham seu papel de garantir a reprodução da classe trabalhadora e a coesão social. Essa relação histórica entre público e privado no setor de saúde brasileiro, intercedida pelo papel do Estado e do fundo público na sua regulação e financiamento, irá, então, ganhar novos formatos e novas determinações. Palavras-Chave: política de saúde; privatização; fundo público. Abstract – The creation of SUS (the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System) occurs during the rise of neoliberalism as the political hegemony arising in Brazil in the 1990s. Responding to the crisis of capital in search of a return to profit rates, this period brought profound modifications to the Brazilian state and to social policies, which are increasingly put at the service of capital, even if, in the long run, they maintain their role of guaranteeing the reproduction of the working class and social cohesion. This historical relationship between public and private in the Brazilian healthcare sector, interceded by the roles of the state and of public funding in its regulation and financing, respectively, will then gain new formats and new determinations.Keywords: healthy Policy; privatization; public fund.

Value that matters: intellectual capital and big data to assess performance in healthcare. An empirical analysis on the European context

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginevra Gravili ◽  
Francesco Manta ◽  
Concetta Lucia Cristofaro ◽  
Rocco Reina ◽  
Pierluigi Toma
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Capital ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to analyze and measure the effects of intellectual capital (IC), i.e. human capital (HC), relational capital (RC) and structural capital (SC), on healthcare industry organizational performance and understanding the role of data analytics and big data (BD) in healthcare value creation (Wang et al., 2018). Through the assessment of determined variables specific for each component of IC, the paper identifies the guidelines and suggests propositions for a more efficient response in terms of services provided to citizens and, specifically, patients, as well as predicting effective strategies to improve the care management efficiency in terms of cost reduction.Design/methodology/approachThe study has a twofold approach: in the first part, the authors operated a systematic review of the academic literature aiming to enquire the relationship between IC, big data analytics (BDA) and healthcare system, which were also the descriptors employed. In the second part, the authors built an econometric model analyzed through panel data analysis, studying the relationship between IC, namely human, relational and structural capital indicators, and the performance of healthcare system in terms of performance. The study has been conducted on a sample of 28 European countries, notwithstanding the belonging to specific international or supranational bodies, between 2011 and 2016.FindingsThe paper proposes a data-driven model that presents new approach to IC assessment, extendable to other economic sectors beyond healthcare. It shows the existence of a positive impact (turning into a mathematical inverse relationship) of the human, relational and structural capital on the performance indicator, while the physical assets (i.e. the available beds in hospitals on total population) positively mediates the relationship, turning into a negative impact of non-IC related inputs on healthcare performance. The result is relevant in terms of managerial implications, enhancing the opportunity to highlight the crucial role of IC in the healthcare sector.Research limitations/implicationsThe relationship between IC indicators and performance could be employed in other sectors, disseminating new approaches in academic research. Through the establishment of a relationship between IC factors and performance, the authors implemented an approach in which healthcare organizations are active participants in their economic and social value creation. This challenges the views of knowledge sharing deeply held inside organizations by creating “new value” developed through a more collaborative and permeated approach in terms of knowledge spillovers. A limitation is given by a fragmented policymaking process which carries out different results in each country.Practical implicationsThe analysis provides interesting implications on multiple perspectives. The novelty of the study provides interesting implications for managers, practitioners and governmental bodies. A more efficient healthcare system could provide better results in terms of cost minimization and reduction of hospitalization period. Moreover, dissemination of new scientific knowledge and drivers of specialization enhances best practices sharing in the healthcare sector. On the other hand, an improvement in preventive medicine practices could help in reducing the overload of demand for curative treatments, on the perspective of sharply decreasing the avoidable deaths rate and improving societal standards.Originality/valueThe authors provide a new holistic framework on the relationship between IC, BDA and organizational performance in healthcare organizations through a systematic review approach and an empirical panel analysis at a multinational level, which is quite a novelty regarding the healthcare. There is little research focussed on healthcare industries' organizational performance, and, specifically, most of the research on IC in healthcare delivered results in terms of theoretical contribution and qualitative analyzes. The authors even contributed to analyze the healthcare industry in the light of the possible existence of synergies and networks among countries.

Who Ya Gonna Call? The Police as Problem-Busters

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Eck ◽  
William Spelman
Keyword(s):  
Community Policing ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Problem Oriented Policing ◽  
The City

Current police practice is dominated by two, competing strategies—“community policing” and “crime control policing.” Both are limited: they each apply a standard set of police tactics to a wide variety of differing circumstances; they focus on incidents, rather than the underlying problems which cause these incidents. Recently, two police departments have developed an alternative. Through “problem-oriented policing,” officers focus on these underlying causes. They collect information from numerous sources, and enlist the support of a wide variety of public and private agencies and individuals in their attempts to solve problems. Case studies in these departments show that use of the problem-oriented approach can substantially reduce crime and fear. In the long run, problem-oriented policing will require changes in management structure, the role of the police in the community and the city bureaucracy, and the limits of police authority.

scholarly journals Healthcare in the news media: The privileging of private over public

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Lewis ◽  
Fran Collyer ◽  
Karen Willis ◽  
Kirsten Harley ◽  
Kanchan Marcus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
News Media ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Print News ◽  
Private Healthcare ◽  
Time Period

This article reports on a discourse analysis of the representation of healthcare in the print news media, and the way this representation shapes perspectives of healthcare. We analysed news items from six major Australian newspapers over a three-year time period. We show how various framing devices promote ideas about a crisis in the current public healthcare system, the existence of a precarious balance between the public and private health sectors, and the benefits of private healthcare. We employ Bourdieu’s concepts of field and capital to demonstrate the processes through which these devices are employed to conceal the power relations operating in the healthcare sector, to obscure the identity of those who gain the most from the expansion of private sector medicine, and to indirectly increase health inequalities.

Does public investment crowd-out private investment in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmugam Muthu
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Macroeconomic Uncertainty ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the crowding-in or crowding-out relationship between public and private investment in India. Design/methodology/approach The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach is used to estimate the long run relationship between public and private investment using annual data from 1971-1972 to 2009-2010. Findings Based on the empirical findings, it is observed that aggregate public investment has a positive effect on private investment both in the long run and the short run. In contrast to the findings of previous studies, no significant impact of public infrastructure investment on private investments is found in the long run, while non-infrastructure investment has a positive impact on private investment in the short run. Among the various categories of infrastructure sector, a positive and significant impact in the case of electricity, gas and water supply is observed. Similarly, the result indicates that public investment in machinery and equipment and construction have substantially influenced the private sector machinery and equipment in the long run and the short run. In the case of the role of macroeconomic uncertainty, the results find a negative and significant impact on private investment and the impact is higher in the short run than in the long run. Originality/value The present study extends the literature in three important ways: First, the study attempts to capture heterogeneity of public investment as well as disaggregate effects of two different categories of public infrastructure on private investment. The extent to which two different types of public assets impact the private investment in machinery and equipment investment is also examined. Second, ARDL model is used to examine the long-run relationship between public and private investment. Third, the study incorporates macroeconomic uncertainty into the empirical analysis to examine the role of macroeconomic volatility in determining private investment decision.

Norway

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-268
Author(s):  
Mi Ah Schoyen
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Regional Hospitals

This chapter offers an in-depth look at health politics and the predominantly tax-financed public healthcare system in Norway. It traces the development of the Norwegian healthcare system, as shaped by policy decisions affected as much by tensions between the center and the periphery as by those between left- and right-wing political leanings. Since the late 1990s, improving efficiency through enhanced coordination across the primary and secondary care sectors and the expansion of patient rights legislation have been high on the agenda. As the chapter explains, despite a far-reaching 2001 hospital reform, achieving a good balance between local hospital services close to the patient and regional hospitals able to offer more advanced specialist treatments remains on the political agenda. Questions about the public funding of private providers, made possible via a treatment choice scheme, reflect both traditional left–right and center–periphery conflict lines.

Normative Reframing and the RGGI Revolution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
New Public ◽  
Interest Group Politics ◽  
Group Politics

This chapter provides a detailed analysis of the multi-year design process leading to the implementation of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) in 2008. It considers the question: How did RGGI’s policy designers succeed in auctioning virtually all of the program’s emissions allowances, wheresimilar efforts to promote auctions failed? After reviewing the limits of existing explanations of RGGI’s decision to auction allowances that are grounded in the interest group politics model, the chapter offers a detailed analysis of the RGGI design process to demonstrate the central role of the new public benefit model in making auctions politically viable. Public and private accounts confirm the prominence of this new normative framing for auctions from the very beginning of the process, and its influence over the political choice to make this policy change.

Marketization and universalism: Crafting the right balance in the Turkish healthcare system

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuba I Agartan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Major Transformation ◽  
Turkish Case ◽  
The Right

Turkey is undertaking comprehensive reforms in its healthcare sector which bring about a major transformation in the boundaries between the public and private sectors. As in many transition and late-developing countries reforms seek to universalize coverage, increase efficiency and improve quality of healthcare services. The Turkish case is interesting as it draws attention to the balance that is being struck between two major components of the reforms, namely marketization and universalism. Expansion of coverage and improvements in equity are taking place alongside state-induced market and managerial reforms. This article assesses the extent of marketization and argues that while market elements have been limited to the provision dimension, in the long run they may lead to some erosion in universalism. The Turkish case serves as an example of transformations in developing countries where market reforms have to be accompanied by a strong and active state for universalism to be achieved.

Toward a Rational Theory of Decentralization: Some Implications of a Mathematical Approach

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 734-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Kochen ◽  
Karl W. Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Organizational Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Long Run

This paper seeks to open for exploration the field of decentralization in politics and organizational design. As a first approach, it examines conditions under which decentralization is preferable from the viewpoint of rationality or cost-effectiveness. Our normative statements as to what would be best, or what should be done, are formulated first from the viewpoint of the subjects or clients, but they are expected to include the interest of the community in ensuring adequate service at low cost, and they also include the interest of the rulers, insofar as their power in the long run depends on their capacity to respond to the demands made upon them quickly enough and adequately enough to retain their political support.The political theory underlying our study assumes that modern governments retain “their just powers by the consent of the governed,” and hence that both their legitimacy and their power will depend at least in significant part on their ability to respond adequately to the popular demands made upon them. We do not deal in this study with other important criteria of preference, such as the psychological value which some of those who take the role of powerholders may put upon centralized control, or the contrary value which some of those who identify with their subjects may put upon power sharing and decentralization.

The Calculation of Age

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1627-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Graham
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Political ◽  
Retirement Income ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Individual

This article explores the role of calculative technologies, such as taxation, accounting and actuarial practices, in constructing ‘age’ in contemporary society. It argues that retirement income programs built on these technologies attempt to construct specific relations not just between the individual and other generations, but between the individual and herself at other stages of life. Retracing the series of Canadian attempts to secure income for the elderly over the course of the 20th century, the paper shows how calculative technologies have been used to connect responsibility for the elderly to the political rationalities of the day. This genealogy allows us to recognize how the present Canadian retirement income system, with its public and private programs addressing different subsets of the population, is contingent on neoliberal rationalities of governance. These demand the alignment of the individual with the goals of the capital markets, and seek to achieve this through a distributed agency that encourages the investment of individual savings in retirement income products. The paper argues that this distributed agency is perpetually incomplete, and that uncertainty is necessary in order that the individual be constantly remade as an investor.

scholarly journals Perceptions of chiropractors in the eThekwini Municipality on the integration of chiropractic into the public healthcare sector of South Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Natalie Davies
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Chiropractic Profession ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Healthcare Sector

Background Currently, chiropractic is not incorporated into the South African public healthcare sector despite its emphasis on the values of wellness and health. This is due to a poor relationship with mainstream medical practitioners, the construct of chiropractic education and its long standing isolation within the healthcare system within South Africa. The public healthcare sector in South Africa is strained. Low back pain is one of the main reasons patients seek medical attention from primary medical doctors. A growing body of evidence is now emerging which supports the role of chiropractic in post-­surgical rehabilitation and the treatment of extraspinal non-­pathological musculoskeletal conditions. Based on the findings of these studies, an argument could be made for the transition of chiropractic from a mainly private practice base to one that would enable it to reach to the wider population in the public healthcare sector. Aim The aim of the research study was to explore and describe the perceptions that chiropractors have about the integration of the chiropractic profession into the South African public healthcare sector. Method A descriptive exploratory qualitative approach was used to guide the study. In-­ depth interviews were conducted with ten chiropractors within the eThekwini municipality. The main research question for this study was “What are the perceptions of chiropractors in the eThekwini Municipality on the integration of chiropractic into the public healthcare sector of South Africa?” The data was analysed through thematic analysis. Results The main themes that emerged were the role of chiropractic in the healthcare system, the integration of chiropractic into the healthcare sector and the challenges facing chiropractors in the healthcare system. The themes and sub-­ themes were as follows;; • Theme 1 Role of chiropractic in the healthcare system Sub-­theme 1.1 Primary contact for neuromuscular medicine. • Theme 2 Integration of chiropractors into the public healthcare sector Sub-­theme 2.1 Relief of overworked healthcare workers. Sub-­theme 2.2 Decrease costs in surgical and medication use. Sub-­theme 2.3 Increased learning opportunities. Sub-­theme 2.4 Use of chiropractic in post-­surgical care. Sub-­theme 2.5 Need for pre-­surgical assessment. Sub-­theme 2.6 Integration facilitated by the Chiropractic Association of South Africa (CASA). • Theme 3 Challenges facing chiropractors in the public healthcare sector Sub-­theme 3.1 Opposition from medical doctors. Sub-­theme 3.2 Opposition from within the chiropractic profession. Sub-­theme 3.3 Inability to function as the primary practitioners. Sub-­theme 3.4 Unfamiliar structure of the public health care sector. Conclusion A lack of clarity on the identity and role of chiropractic in the public healthcare sector emerged from the findings of this study. Individual chiropractors, the professional body (CASA) and the Allied Health Professions Council of South Africa (AHPCSA) need to engage in active roles in the integration of chiropractic into the public healthcare sector of South Africa.

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