scholarly journals Que família é esta? Mosaico de diferenças, contradições, discriminações |What family is this? Mosaic of differences, contradictions, discriminations

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilane Bertelli ◽  
Liliane Moser
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Social Discrimination ◽  
Racial Relations ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
Professional Intervention

As análises desenvolvidas sobre família nas ciências humanas e sociais no Brasil revelam o quanto se trata de um tema sujeito a determinismos e generalizações, os quais se tornam obstáculos à investigação científica e à intervenção profissional. A diversidade de questões na reflexão acerca da família na sociedade brasileira, concomitantemente às diferenças culturais, mostram contradições, desigualdades e discriminações sociais, conforme as relações sociais de classe, de gênero e étnico-raciais. Neste artigo, a partir de revisão bibliográfica do ponto de vista histórico, objetiva-se problematizar concepções naturalizadas e universalizantes quando se trata “da” família brasileira. Inicialmente, situa-se a concepção pretérita de família patriarcal, bem como as incongruências da generalização da família nuclear moderna para o contexto brasileiro. Em seguida, apontam-se tendências sociodemográficas às sociedades ocidentais e os rumos da família, concluindo que é de fundamental importância desnaturalizar concepções de família e pensá-la como fenômeno histórico e produto de determinadas circunstâncias econômicas, políticas, sociais e culturais, na medida em que seu entendimento impacta na formulação de políticas sociais e nas intervenções de profissionais de diferentes áreas.                                                                                                   Palavras-Chave: família; família patriarcal; família nuclear; gênero. Abstract – The analyzes carried out on family in the human and social sciences in Brazil reveal how much this theme is subject to determinism and generalization, which become obstacles to scientific research and professional intervention. The diversity of questions in the reflections about family in Brazilian society, along with cultural differences, show contradictions, inequalities, and social discrimination, according to class, gender, and ethnic-racial relations. This article, based on a bibliographical revision of a historical perspective, aims to problematize naturalized and universalized traces when it comes to “the” Brazilian family. Initially, the past conception of a patriarchal family is presented, as well as the incongruities of the generalization of modern nuclear family in relation to the Brazilian context. Afterwards, sociodemographic tendencies are pointed out to Western societies and the ways family is developing. It is concluded that to denaturalize conceptions of family is of fundamental importance, and also to rethink it as a historical phenomenon and product of certain economic, political, social, and cultural circumstances, in so far as its understanding impacts the formulation of social policies and the interventions of professionals from different areas.Keywords: family; patriarchal family; nuclear family; gender.

scholarly journals The patterns of the dropout of doctoral students

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-302
Author(s):  
Fruzsina Szigeti
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Doctoral Education ◽  
National Database ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
Hungarian Population ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Informational System

Compared to the trends of the OECD countries, the proportion of graduated higher educational students is low in Hungary, especially in the doctoral education; however, the need for doctoral education has been increased due to the expansion in the past two and half decades. According to the report of the European Committee, the ratio of those having a PhD degree is 0.8 per mille among the 25- to 34-year-old Hungarian population that is not advantageous. As a causal factor, the dropout can be detected. The aim of my investigation is to detect the pattern of the dropout of the doctoral students. Who are those who quit their studies before finishing it? In which field is the ratio of graduation the lowest? I hypothesize that approximately one fifth of the students enrolled for a doctoral course quit their studies during the education. According to the educational fields, the dropout ratio is the lowest in the natural, medical, and agricultural sciences, whereas it is the highest in the arts, human, and social sciences. The basis of the current research is provided by a huge national database entitled Higher Educational Informational System, containing the data of doctoral students enrolled in the autumn semester of the school years 2010/2011 and 2014/2015.

scholarly journals Implicações da noção de consciência histórica nas ciências humanas e sociais: um modo de projeção para o futuro e de posição em relação ao passado

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (68) ◽  
pp. 817-843
Author(s):  
Fábio César Junges ◽  
Tiago Anderson Brutti ◽  
Adair Adams
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Humanities And Social Sciences ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Siglo Xx

Implicações da noção de consciência histórica nas ciências humanas e sociais: um modo de projeção para o futuro e de posição em relação ao passado Resumo: O presente texto, de caráter bibliográfico, discute o problema da consciência histórica com o objetivo de pensar o sentido dessa expressão na atualidade e as variações que esse conceito adquiriu ao longo da história das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, com ênfase no século XX. A hipótese é que a discussão a respeito da consciência histórica passou a se ocupar, na modernidade, com uma múltipla relatividade de pontos de vista, o que é destacado por Gadamer em sua análise sobre os preceitos implicados na definição do que significa “ter senso histórico”. É defendida a tese, portanto, de que a noção de consciência histórica não se limita ao conhecimento das experiências vivenciadas no passado, mas se apresenta como condição de possibilidade de projetar o futuro e se posicionar em relação ao passado, especialmente no que diz respeito às ciências humanas e sociais. A defesa desta ideia central é realizada por meio de dois gestos reflexivos, com apresentação, primeiramente, do marco teórico da consciência histórica e, posteriormente, de suas implicações na constituição das Ciências Humanas e Sociais. Palavras-chave: Ciências humanas e sociais. Senso histórico. Passado. Futuro. Implications of the notion of historical consciousness in human and social sciences: a mode of projection for the future and position in relation to the past Abstract: This bibliographic text discusses the problem of historical consciousness with the purpose of thinking about the meaning of this expression in the present time and the variations that this concept has acquired throughout the history of the Humanities and Social Sciences, with emphasis on the twentieth century. The hypothesis is that the discussion about historical consciousness has come to concern itself, in modernity, with a multiple relativity of points of view, which is highlighted by Gadamer in his analysis of the precepts involved in defining what “having a historical sense” means. Therefore, the thesis that the notion of historical consciousness is not limited to the knowledge of past experiences is defended, but is presented as a condition of possibility of projecting the future and positioning itself in relation to the past, especially with regard to humanities and social sciences. The defense of this central idea is made through two reflexive gestures, presenting, first, the theoretical framework of historical consciousness and, later, its implications in the constitution of the Human and Social Sciences. Keywords: Human and social sciences. Historical sense. Past. Future. Implicaciones de la noticia de conciencia histórica en las ciencias humanas y sociales: un modo de proyección para el futuro y de posición en relación al pasado Resumen: El presente texto, de carácter bibliográfico, discute el problema de la conciencia histórica con el propósito de pensar sobre el significado de esta expresión en la actualidad y las variaciones que este concepto ha adquirido a lo largo de la historia de las Humanidades y las Ciencias Sociales, con énfasis en el siglo XX. La hipótesis es que la discusión sobre la conciencia histórica ha llegado a ocuparse, en la modernidad, de una relatividad múltiple de puntos de vista, que Gadamer destaca en su análisis de los preceptos involucrados en la definición de lo que significa “tener un sentido histórico”. " Por lo tanto, se defiende la tesis de que la noción de conciencia histórica no se limita al conocimiento de experiencias pasadas, sino que se presenta como una condición de posibilidad de proyectar el futuro y posicionarse en relación con el pasado, especialmente con respecto a humanidades y ciencias sociales. La defensa de esta idea central se realiza a través de dos gestos reflexivos, presentando, primero, el marco teórico de la conciencia histórica y, luego, sus implicaciones en la constitución de las Ciencias Humanas y Sociales. Palabras clave: Ciencias Humanas y Sociales. Sentido histórico. Pasado. Futuro. Data de registro: 28/05/2019 Data de aceite: 24/10/2019

The Paradigm of Knowledge of the Modern Islamic Resurgence

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-184
Author(s):  
Abdulkader I. Tayob
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
Modem World ◽  
Social Explanations ◽  
Islamic Resurgence

Political and social explanations for the contemporary Islamic resurgenceabound. Most of these, however, are reductionist in that they do notpay attention to the religious component of a clearly religious phenomenon.Without rejecting its social and political locations, I believe theIslamic resurgence represents a paradigm shift involving a major reinterpretationof Islamic sources in the modem world.In the modem world, Muslims draw on a treasure of significantinsights into the dilemmas and options facing them. The sources of theseinsights, from Shariati to Bennabi to Khomeini, may vary in many respectsand often differ in fundamental fonnulations. In Islamic organizations andmovements, however, Muslims draw on this diversity to construct meaningin uniquely modem ways. At the level of practice, in contrast to thatof the thinkers, a measure of affinity is clearly noticeable in terms of modemIslamic thought and practice. I believe that the idea of a paradigm, proposedby Kuhn, is a useful and fertile way of coming to understand thiscommon meaning-making exercise.A new paradigm of understanding and living Islam, under the impactof the West, has taken shape over the past two centuries. The West as villain,the implementation of the Shari'ah, the search for Islamic solutions,and the Islamization of the sciences are some of the most important featuresof this new paradigm. In this paper, I will explore the basic idea andstructure of the modem Islamic paradigm.Knowledge, Power, and ParadigmsIn his analysis of modem medical, human, and social sciences, MichelFoucault has unmasked the power relations inherent in the formation of ...

Legal Uses of Anthropology in France in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Audren ◽  
Laetitia Guerlain
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Legal Anthropology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter sheds light on the long-standing history of the relationship between law and the human and social sciences in nineteenth- and twentieth-century France. This story has often been reduced to its most recent and academic development, that is, legal anthropology. However, focusing on this strictly contemporary, academic definition of anthropology risks overlooking the many and varied ways of thinking that, over the past two centuries and more, have shaped the relationship between law and the study of humanity. The authors suggest that such an approach obscures the depth and the variety of forms that this relationship took over time. This chapter documents the various ways that legal scholars in France—over the course of two centuries marked by the rise of codification and legal positivism—drew upon history, philology, ethnology, physical anthropology, and sociology, all in the pursuit of a more profound understanding of homo juridicus.

Was heißt: sich in Nietzsche orientieren? A Review of a Selection of Recent Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 410-421
Author(s):  
Hans Ruin
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
General Question ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This review essay brings together five books on various aspects of Nietzsche’s thinking and writing from the last four years, from different cultural and political contexts, but also spanning a wide methodological range. The general question of how to orient ourselves in Nietzsche-scholarship is inspired by the title of Werner Stegmaier’s book which invites the reader to compare Nietzsche and Niklas Luhmann. It also invites us to contemplate the more general question of how to bring Nietzsche’s thinking into a dialogue with the human and social sciences. A central question concerns the temporality of Nietzsche’s thinking: is Nietzsche’s thinking a thing of the past that primarily necessitates a historical interpretation, or can it still open up ways toward the future. As this review highlights, many contemporary readers of Nietzsche continue to see themselves as working to “save” his texts from fateful misinterpretations. The last part of the review focuses on the new textual, or “poesiological” approach and the importance of seeing Nietzsche not primarily as someone professing a doctrine, but as the creator of uniquely multilayered texts.

Boghossian's Refutation of Relativism

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Amini ◽  
Christopher M. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Epistemic Relativism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Simple Matter ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Paul Boghossian

AbstractIn Fear of Knowledge, Paul Boghossian presents a series of arguments against epistemic relativism and constructivism, doctrines that he considers to have exerted an overly unjustified influence over the human and social sciences in the past two decades. In the presentation of his arguments, Boghossian charts out a terrain that closely identifies relativism with skepticism. Yet, the relationship between the two does not seem to be a simple matter of entailment or implication. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the landscape surrounding relativism and skepticism and thereby to highlight their difference(s). The implications of such a clarification will include illustrating (1) that some arguments thought to be against relativism are actually against skepticism, (2) that there are very different ways of understanding the relationship between relativism and skepticism, and (3) that a commitment to either relativism or skepticism does not entail commitment to the other. The overall objective is to show that Boghossian's conception of the terrain is incorrect and to offer an explanation for this pervasive misconception about the connection between relativism and skepticism.

The Problem

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Alvesson ◽  
Yiannis Gabriel ◽  
Roland Paulsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Prestigious Journal ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wide Gap

This chapter introduces ‘the problem’ of meaningless research in the social sciences. Over the past twenty years there has been an enormous growth in research publications, but never before in the history of humanity have so many social scientists written so much to so little effect. Academic research in the social sciences is often inward looking, addressed to small tribes of fellow researchers, and its purpose in what is increasingly a game is that of getting published in a prestigious journal. A wide gap has emerged between the esoteric concerns of social science researchers and the pressing issues facing today’s societies. The chapter critiques the inaccessibility of the language used by academic researchers, and the formulaic qualities of most research papers, fostered by the demands of the publishing game. It calls for a radical move from research for the sake of publishing to research that has something meaningful to say.

The New Islamic State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Khosrokhavar
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
The West ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

The creation of the Islamic State in Iraq and Sham (ISIS) changed the nature of jihadism worldwide. For a few years (2014–2017) it exemplified the destructive capacity of jihadism and created a new utopia aimed at restoring the past greatness and glory of the former caliphate. It also attracted tens of thousands of young wannabe combatants of faith (mujahids, those who make jihad) toward Syria and Iraq from more than 100 countries. Its utopia was dual: not only re-creating the caliphate that would spread Islam all over the world but also creating a cohesive, imagined community (the neo-umma) that would restore patriarchal family and put an end to the crisis of modern society through an inflexible interpretation of shari‘a (Islamic laws and commandments). To achieve these goals, ISIS diversified its approach. It focused, in the West, on the rancor of the Muslim migrants’ sons and daughters, on exoticism, and on an imaginary dream world and, in the Middle East, on tribes and the Sunni/Shi‘a divide, particularly in the Iraqi and Syrian societies.

scholarly journals Contribution of HIV/AIDS-Related Human and Social Sciences Research to a Better Understanding of the Challenges of Hepatitis B Prevention, Diagnosis and Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1166
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bauquier ◽  
Marie Préau
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Retention In Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
Virus Research ◽  
Screening And Prevention ◽  
Hepatitis B Prevention ◽  
Hiv Aids

Recent scientific advances in hepatitis B virus research hint at the possibility of finding a cure in the medium term. In this context, the characterization of infected persons constitutes a major public health issue in terms of implementing adapted screening and prevention strategies. Overcoming the current challenges national health systems face in hepatitis B diagnosis is essential if the World Health Organization’s target of treating 80% of infected patients by 2030 is to be reached. These challenges reflect those previously faced in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Using the knowledge produced to date in Human and Social Sciences research in the fight against HIV/AIDS, we propose avenues of reflection to support and guide the development of research in the diagnosis of hepatitis B infection. More specifically, we present theoretical, methodological and epistemological considerations for how HSS research can be optimized in the following three HBV diagnosis-related areas: (i) access to screening; (ii) retention in care; and (iii) the integration of quality of life measurement in clinical trials.

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