scholarly journals BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEPETIBA BAY (SE BRAZIL)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Fernandes Souza Pinto ◽  
José Carlos Martins Ramalho ◽  
Leonardo Borghi ◽  
Thiago Gonçalves Carelli ◽  
Josiane Branco Plantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Natural Sediment ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Sepetiba Bay ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Baseline Concentrations

This study intends to evaluate baseline concentrations of chemical elements for unpolluted sediments of Sepetiba Bay (SE Brazil). It analyzes the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTE) and other chemical elements (by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry) from the upper part of the SP2 drillcore (or 2-SPT-1-RJ; with 50.30 m length), collected on the margins of Sepetiba Bay (at latitude 22° 55'S and longitude 43° 46'W). This core was described and sampled. Textural, mineralogical and geochemical analyses were performed in 17 sediment levels. The sediment layers of interest were selected, considering the period in which they were deposited, before high anthropic influence in the area, and on sediment grain-size. Only the muddy levels were selected, since fine sediments generally tend to have higher elemental concentrations. Foraminiferal occurrence was also analyzed in the selected layers. The results indicate that the studied sediments were deposited in a transitional marine context, after being exposed to multiple sedimentary cycles and weathering. The baseline concentrations, related to natural sediment sources were estimated for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) and P and for other chemical elements. These results are useful in environmental impact assessment not only in the study area, but also for other coastal regions of Rio de Janeiro State. TÍTULO: CONCENTRAÇÕES DE FUNDO DE ELEMENTOS QUÍMICOS NA BAÍA DE SEPETIBA (SE BRASIL) RESUMO:Este estudo pretende avaliar as concentrações de fundo de elementos químicos, em sedimentos não poluídos, na Baía de Sepetiba (Se Brasil). Analisa as concentrações de elementos potencialmente tóxicos (PTE) e outros elementos químicos (por Espectrometria de Massa Plasma Acoplada Indutivamente e Espectrometria de Emissão Plasma Acoplada Indutivamente) da parte superior do testemunho SP2 (ou 2-SPT-1 RJ; com 50,30 m de comprimento), coletado nas margens da Baía de Sepetiba (à latitude 22° 55'S e longitude 43° 46'W). Este testemunho foi descrito e amostrado a cada 5 cm. Análises estruturais, mineralógicas e geoquímicas foram realizadas em 17 níveis de sedimentos. Os níveis de interesse foram selecionados, considerando o período em que foram depositados, antes da alta influência antrópica na área, e no tamanho do grão do sedimento. Apenas os níveis de lama foram selecionados, uma vez que os sedimentos finos tendem geralmente a ter maiores concentrações de elementos quimicos. A ocorrência de foraminíferos foi também analisada nas camadas selecionadas. Os resultados indicam que os sedimentos estudados foram depositados num contexto marinho de transição, após serem expostos a múltiplos ciclos sedimentares e a intemperismo. As concentrações de fundo, relacionadas a fontes naturais de sedimento foram estimadas para As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) e P e para outros elementos químicos. Esses resultados são úteis para a avaliação de impacto ambiental, não apenas na área de estudo, mas também em outras regiões costeiras do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Multi-indicadores. Sedimentos. Registros Holocénicos. Litoral. Atlântico Sul.

A Comprehensive Review of Minerals, Trace Elements, and Heavy Metals in Saffron

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayyed Mohammad Ali Noori ◽  
Mohammad Hashemi ◽  
Sajjad Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Abstract: Saffron is one of the most expensive spices in the world, and its popularity as a tasty food additive is spreading rapidly through many cultures and cuisines. Minerals and heavy metals are minor components found in saffron, which play a key role in the identification of the geographical origin, quality control, and food traceability, while they also affect human health. The chemical elements in saffron are measured using various analytical methods, such as techniques based on spectrometry or spectroscopy, including atomic emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The present study aimed to review the published articles about heavy metals and minerals in saffron across the world. To date, 64 chemical elements have been found in different types of saffron, which could be divided into three groups of macro-elements, trace elements, and heavy metals (trace elements with a lower gravity/greater than five times that of water and other inorganic sources). Furthermore, the chemical elements in the saffron samples of different countries have a wide range of concentrations. These differences may be affected by geographical condition such as physicochemical properties of the soil, weather and other environmental conditions like saffron cultivation and its genotype.

scholarly journals Are Zirconia Bioceramics and Ceramics Intended to Come in Contact with Skin Inert?

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
Lucien Reclaru ◽  
Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean ◽  
Catalin Adrian Miu ◽  
Alexandru Florian Grecu
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Zirconia Ceramics ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Monoclinic Form ◽  
To Come

Generally speaking, ceramic materials are insensitive to corrosion, compared to most other materials. The present study questions the fact that ceramics are inert. Two major aspects are to be considered: the stability of zirconia over time, the stable tetragonal phase transforming into an unstable monoclinic form; the multitude of manufacturing methods, using various additives, sintering additives, oxides mixing, impurities, grain boundaries, and porosities which strongly influence the corrosion behavior and chemical degradation. In case of the investigated ceramics two paths were pursued:a) Dissolutions of ceramics in a mixture of HNO3 60% and HF 40% ultrapure medium.b) Release of cations from ceramics in various mediums:dental bioceramics in a 0.07 M HCl medium and a 0.1% NaF+0.1% KF medium; ceramics used in jewelry and watchmaking applications in a HCl 0.07 M medium and an artificial sweat medium. By inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ICP-OES/MS), traces of significant chemical elements were assessed: Hf, Cr, Y, As, Pb, Al, Fe, Cu, Se, Sb, La, Ni, Co, Sb, Ta, Te, Ba, Sm, Nb, Hg, Cd, Sr, As and Se. In ceramics used in jewelry and watchmaking applications the concentrations found vary from one ceramic to another, including toxic elements such as Te, Ba, As, Pb, Sm, Hg and Cd, therefore being technical zirconia ceramics which are not intended for the medical field. For ceramics used in jewelry and watchmaking applications a screening identification test for Ni, Co, Cu and Fe with strips of type Merckoquant® (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) was also performed. The obtained data prove that the zirconia ceramics in question are far from being “inert”.

scholarly journals Correlation of phosphorus level with macro- and microelements in the bristles of Landrace pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 06031
Author(s):  
Olga Zaiko ◽  
Andrey Nazarenko ◽  
Marya Strizhkova ◽  
Aleksandr Zheltikov ◽  
Tatyana Konovalova
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Tissue Calcium

The presented results expand the understanding of the normal chemical composition of the body. The study was carried out on the basis of a pig-breeding farm in the Altai Territory in 2016-2020 on clinically healthy 6-month-old pigs of the Landrace breed. Chemical analysis of pig bristles was performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The data were processed using Statistica 8 software (StatSoft Inc., USA). A study of the correlations between phosphorus in bristles and other macro-, microelements, as well as chemical elements associated with phosphorus, has been carried out. Only positive connections of different strengths have been established between phosphorus and elements involved in the formation of bone tissue (calcium, magnesium, manganese), copper, iron and strontium. There are two groups of direct interactions of different strengths between the chemical elements associated with phosphorus. Explained supposedly the essence of the connections, which is consistent in the bristle, as the final site of exchange, with organs and tissues of mammals.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals Analysis and Minerals Present in the dried used as spices: Health Risk Implication in Northern of Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2006-2013
Author(s):  
Ramal Ahmed Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

In this study, total concentrations of eleven chemical elements (Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Na, Mn, Ni, Zn, P and Mg) in common spices of Kalar city- Iraq were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. This study indicates that spices are a good source of a combination of Ca, K, Na, P and Mg. The spices, Curcuma longa, Nigella Sativa and Elettaria cardamomum were found to be very good sources of essential trace elements like Fe, Zn and Mn. The concentrations of the all elements were within the WHO and FAO permissible levels. Therefore, health risks associated with these elements indicate that people would experience no potential risks due to consumption of the spices. Preliminary screening of phytochemicals has found plenty of secondary metabolites which are present in dry plant samples. EDI values of all the metals were found to be below the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI).The present review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the most relevant and recent findings on spices and their active compounds in terms of targets and mode of action; in particular, their potential use in food preservation and enhancement of shelf life as a natural bio ingredient. Keywords: Spices, phytochemicals, food preservative, Minerals, Ash digestion, inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES.

scholarly journals Use of multivariate statistical methods to determine spatial distributions of chemical elements in soils (Mariovo region, North Macedonia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Trajče Stafilov ◽  
Robert Šajn ◽  
Danica Damčevska ◽  
Claudiu Tănăselia
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Two Samples

The main objective of this study is to present the distribution of different chemical elements in soil samples from the Mariovo region, North Macedonia. To determine the level of presence of chemical elements, soil samples were collected from a total of 33 locations in a 5×5 km area. From each location, two samples of soil were collected: topsoil (0–5 cm) and bottom soil (20–30 cm). The analyses of soil samples were used to assess the prevalence of the chemical elements and the presence of heavy metals in the studied area. The analysis was carried out, using two instrumental methods: atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES) for macro-elements, and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) for trace elements. A factor analysis was applied to reveal the relationships between the investigated variables (chemical elements). From the obtained results, spatial distribution maps of factors for the separate groups were prepared, as well as distribution maps for the analyzed elements. It was found that the distributions of most elements follow the lithology of the examined area. Factor analysis revealed the relationships between the investigated variables and could provide dimensionality reduction based on them.

scholarly journals Evaluation of twenty chemical element contents in thyroid adenomas using neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-257
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zaichick
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Thyroid Adenomas

Thyroid adenomas (TA) are benign tumors, but there is a 20% possibility of malignant transformation. The distinguishing between the TA and thyroid cancer (TC) is tricky, therefore new TA biomarkers are needed. Furthermore, the role of chemical elements (ChE) in etiology and pathogenesis of TA is unclear. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant changes in the thyroid tissue levels of twenty chemical elements (ChE) Al, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, I, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, Sr, V, and Zn exist in the adenomatous transformed thyroid. Thyroid tissue levels of twenty ChE were prospectively evaluated in 19 patients with TA and 105 healthy inhabitants. Measurements were performed using a combination of non-destructive and destructive methods: instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, respectively. Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for ChE analysis. It was found that contents of of Al, B, Br, Cl, Cu, Na, and Zn are significantly higher whereas the levels of I some lower. in TA than in normal tissues. It was supposed that the changes in levels Al, B, Br, Cl, Cu, I, Na, and Zn in thyroid tissue can be used as TA markers.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF EUTROPHICATION ON BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA IN SEPETIBA BAY (RIO DE JANEIRO STATE, SE BRAZIL)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Virgínia Alves Martins ◽  
Egberto Pereira ◽  
Rubens Cesar Lopes Figueira ◽  
Thales Oliveira ◽  
Anita Fernandes Souza Pinto Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Sepetiba Bay ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
210Pb And 137Cs ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Radiocarbon Data ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of this work is to analyze the consequences of eutrophication in benthic meiofaunal organisms (foraminifera) in an internal area of Sepetiba Bay (State of Rio de Janeiro, SE, Brazil). This study is interesting because, at the studied site, the sediments corresponding to the period of greatest accumulation of organic matter were not contaminated by metals, although Sepetiba Bay has areas known to be polluted by this type of contaminants. Thus, in this study, it was possible to consider only the impact caused by eutrophication.In the SP6 core, collected in the Sepetiba Bay internal area and studied in this work, textural, geochemical (concentration of chemical elements; 210Pb and 137Cs; radiocarbon data) and foraminifera were analyzed in a muddy section, with a few intercalations of sandy layers. The sediments of the analyzed section were deposited in the last ≈2,350 BP years. The concentrations of Al, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Ti, V and Zn are higher at the base of the core and decrease towards the top. The contents of TOC, P and Zr have inverse paterns. The ratios of these elements to their background value have similar patterns. However, previous studies have recognized that during the twentieth century Cd, Zn, Cr and Pb concentrations increased in several areas of Sepetiba Bay, mainly due to industrial activity. The area where this core was collected may have been dredged. Radiocarbon ages suggest a loss of ≈2000 years of sedimentary registration, marked by an unconformity at a depth of 126 cm, probably caused by dredging. A new sedimentary sequence unpolluted by metals but highly enriched in organic matter was deposited on the surface of that discontinuity. Foraminifera were quite abundants in the lower section (240-126 cm; between ≈2,400-2,090 years BP, execept in the sandy layers), corresponding to sediment deposition before dredging. After dredging, the accumulation of very fine-grained sediments rich in organic matter generated eutrophication phenomena, which caused a drastic reduction in the abundance and diversity of these organisms. This work testifies the effect of eutrophication on meiofaunal organisms. Although some coastal foraminifer species tolerate harmful effects caused by eutrophication, it is recognized that the impact has been so negative that even these species occur with reduced abundance in the study area. IMPACTO DA EUTROFICAÇÃO EM FORAMINIFEROS BÊNTONICOS NA BAÍA DE SEPETIBA (ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, SE BRASIL) ResumoO principal objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as conseqüências da eutrofização em organismos meiofaunais bentônicos (foraminíferos) em uma área interna da Baía de Sepetiba (Estado do Rio de Janeiro, SE, Brasil). Este estudo é interessante porque, no local estudado, os sedimentos correspondentes ao período de maior acumulação de matéria orgânica, não estavam contaminados por metais, apesar da Baía de Sepetiba ter áreas reconhecidamente poluídas por este tipo de contaminantes. Assim neste estudo foi possível considerar apenas o impacto causado pela eutrofização.No testemunho SP6, coletado na área interna da Baía de Sepetiba e estudado neste trabalho, foram analisados dados texturais, geoquímicos (concentração de elementos químicos; 210Pb e 137Cs; dados de radiocarbono) e foraminíferos numa secção lamosa, com intercalações de camadas arenosas.Os sedimentos da seção analisada foram depositados nos últimos 2.350 anos BP. As concentrações de Al, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Ti, V e Zn são mais elevadas na base do testemunho e diminuem em direção ao topo. O conteúdo de TOC, P e Zr possui padrões inversos. As razões destes elementos com o respectivo valor de fundo possuem padrões semelhantes. Porém, estudos anteriores reconheceram em várias áreas da Baía de Sepetiba um aumento das concentrações de Cd, Zn, Cr e Pb durante o século XX, principalmente devido à atividade industrial. A área onde foi coletado este testemunho poderá ter sido dragada. As idades de radiocarbono sugerem uma perda de aproximadamente 2000 anos de registro sedimentar, marcada por uma inconformidade a 126 cm de profundidade, causada provavelmente por dragagem. Uma nova sequência sedimentar não poluída por metais, mas bastante enriquecida em matéria orgânica foi depositada sobre a superfície da descontinuidade. Os foraminíferos eram relativamente abundantes na seção inferior (240-126 cm; entre ≈2.400-2.090 anos BP), correspondente á deposição de sedimentos antes da dragagem. Após a dragagem, a acumulação de sedimentos muito finos e ricos em matéria orgânica, gerou fenómenos de eutrofização, que terão causado uma redução drástica da abundância e diversidade destes organismos. Este trabalho testemunha o efeito da eutrofização em organismos meiofaunais. Apesar de algumas espécies de foraminíferos costeiros tolerarem efeitos nefastos causados pela eutrofização, reconhece-se que o impacto foi tão negativo que mesmo estas espécies ocorrem com abundância reduzida na área estudada. Palavras-chave: Área Costeira. Registro Paleoambiental. Impacto Antrópico. Meiofauna, Abordagem Multiproxy.

scholarly journals Improvement and modification of energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence method for determination of metal elements in cement leachates - chemometric approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-67
Author(s):  
Nevenka Mijatovic ◽  
Anja Terzic ◽  
Lato Pezo ◽  
Ljiljana Milicic ◽  
Dragana Zivojinovic
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Fluorescence Method ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

A modification of analytical procedure for energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) quantification of ten chemical elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the leachates obtained from cement binders was developed. Twenty-nine testing samples were used in the experiment. All samples were based on Portland cement. Fly ash of different origin, zeolite and bentonite were employed as mineral additives in the cement binders. Distilled water was used as leachate. Validation of the modified EDXRF procedure was conducted in terms of limits of detection and quantification, working range, linearity, selectivity, precision, trueness, and robustness. Traceability of the procedure was established using certified reference materials. Uncertainty of measurement was confirmed via ?in-house? laboratory validation approach. The expanded uncertainties for ten analysed elements were obtained for entire working range of EDXRF method. Robustness of the modified EDXRF procedure was assessed by means of chemometric in-house approach. The results obtained by modified X-ray fluorescence method were additionally correlated to those acquired by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry to confirm that EDXRF can be used as an effective and reliable alternative method for analysis of cement leachates.

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