scholarly journals Decreased Pediatric Viral Burden and Increased Rhinovirus Infection During The COVID-19 Pandemic

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Metin YİĞİT ◽  
Aslınur ÖZKAYA PARLAKAY
Keyword(s):  
Rhinovirus Infection ◽  
Viral Burden

scholarly journals Interference Between Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Rhinovirus Infection in Infancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 215 (7) ◽  
pp. 1102-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niek B. Achten ◽  
Pingsheng Wu ◽  
Louis Bont ◽  
Maarten O. Blanken ◽  
Tebeb Gebretsadik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Human Rhinovirus ◽  
Rhinovirus Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

scholarly journals Impact of vaccination on new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Pritchard ◽  
Philippa C. Matthews ◽  
Nicole Stoesser ◽  
David W. Eyre ◽  
Owen Gethings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Community Based ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Private Households ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Viral Burden ◽  
General Community ◽  
Nose And Throat

AbstractThe effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in the general community is still unclear. Here, we used the Office for National Statistics COVID-19 Infection Survey—a large community-based survey of individuals living in randomly selected private households across the United Kingdom—to assess the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford–AstraZeneca; ChAdOx1) vaccines against any new SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive tests, split according to self-reported symptoms, cycle threshold value (<30 versus ≥30; as a surrogate for viral load) and gene positivity pattern (compatible with B.1.1.7 or not). Using 1,945,071 real-time PCR results from nose and throat swabs taken from 383,812 participants between 1 December 2020 and 8 May 2021, we found that vaccination with the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines already reduced SARS-CoV-2 infections ≥21 d after the first dose (61% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 54–68%) versus 66% (95% CI = 60–71%), respectively), with greater reductions observed after a second dose (79% (95% CI = 65–88%) versus 80% (95% CI = 73–85%), respectively). The largest reductions were observed for symptomatic infections and/or infections with a higher viral burden. Overall, COVID-19 vaccination reduced the number of new SARS-CoV-2 infections, with the largest benefit received after two vaccinations and against symptomatic and high viral burden infections, and with no evidence of a difference between the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines.

scholarly journals Combination Regimens of Favipiravir Plus Interferon Alpha Inhibit Chikungunya Virus Replication in Clinically Relevant Human Cell Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Evelyn J. Franco ◽  
Xun Tao ◽  
Kaley C. Hanrahan ◽  
Jieqiang Zhou ◽  
Jürgen B. Bulitta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Interferon Alpha ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Viral Burden ◽  
Combination Regimens

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus associated with a broad tissue tropism for which no antivirals or vaccines are approved. This study evaluated the antiviral potential of favipiravir (FAV), interferon-alpha (IFN), and ribavirin (RBV) against CHIKV as mono- and combination-therapy in cell lines that are clinically relevant to human infection. Cells derived from human connective tissue (HT-1080), neurons (SK-N-MC), and skin (HFF-1) were infected with CHIKV and treated with different concentrations of FAV, IFN, or RBV. Viral supernatant was sampled daily and the burden was quantified by plaque assay on Vero cells. FAV and IFN were the most effective against CHIKV on various cell lines, suppressing the viral burden at clinically achievable concentrations; although the degree of antiviral activity was heavily influenced by cell type. RBV was not effective and demonstrated substantial toxicity, indicating that it is not a feasible candidate for CHIKV. The combination of FAV and IFN was then assessed on all cell lines. Combination therapy enhanced antiviral activity in HT-1080 and SK-N-MC cells, but not in HFF-1 cells. We developed a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model that described the viral burden and inhibitory antiviral effect. Simulations from this model predicted clinically relevant concentrations of FAV plus IFN completely suppressed CHIKV replication in HT-1080 cells, and considerably slowed down the rate of viral replication in SK-N-MC cells. The model predicted substantial inhibition of viral replication by clinical IFN regimens in HFF-1 cells. Our results highlight the antiviral potential of FAV and IFN combination regimens against CHIKV in clinically relevant cell types.

Co-receptor usage of HIV-1 primary isolates, viral burden, and CCR5 genotype in mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission

AIDS ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1721-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Ometto ◽  
Marisa Zanchetta ◽  
Monica Mainardi ◽  
Gian Luca De Salvo ◽  
Marie Cruz Garcia-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Usage ◽  
Viral Burden ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals IL-15 complexes induce NK- and T-cell responses independent of type I IFN signaling during rhinovirus infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1151-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Jayaraman ◽  
D J Jackson ◽  
S D Message ◽  
R M Pearson ◽  
J Aniscenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Rhinovirus Infection
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