scholarly journals EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE RETURN OF BULGARIAN MIGRANTS IN RESPONSE TO THE GROWING NEED FOR SPECIALIZED STAFF IN SOFIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 92-105
Author(s):  
Joanna Dragneva ◽  
Maria Popova-Hristova
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Eu

This article examines the issues related to Bulgarian migration after the country acceded to the EU in 2007 and focuses its research on the phenomenon of “brain drain” – the process of mass emigration during which specialists, scientists and skilled workers leave. Today, this phenomenon is quite typical for Bulgaria as part of the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe. The problems associated with the “brain drain” are very relevant as the country suffers significant economic and cultural losses while the host countries acquire large and inexpensive intellectual capital. During the years of transition, Bulgaria strives to be a full member of the EU and provide opportunities for development and realization of specialists, scientists, and researchers. This requires the adoption of measures and initiatives to establish sustainable development in the capital and in the country and meet the need for highly skilled labor in the industrial sphere. The article aims to explore the possibilities for the return of Bulgarian migrants in response to the growing need for specialized staff in Sofia. The quantitative study involved more than 500 Bulgarian migrants residing in different host countries, selected randomly and responded voluntarily. The article defends the thesis that if Bulgaria provides opportunities to develop specialized staff through the undertaking of specific initiatives, this can be an attraction and a motive for the return of Bulgarian migrants. The study methodology utilizes the quantitative studies model (and, more specifically, the questionnaire method). To obtain more reliable results, their interpretation also includes additional statistical tools. The question whether a correlation exists between the age and the degree of settlement of Bulgarians abroad is of special interest and has been investigated using the Cramér V. The results show that in recent years the need for specialized staff is constantly growing. In response to this need, the initiatives that are undertaken are aimed at innovations in science and education. The study also takes into account the readiness of Bulgarian migrants to return home.

scholarly journals Brain Remain

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Devorah Lieberman ◽  
Shannon Capaldi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Bureau ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
K 12 ◽  
The Brain

Volumes of research studies, surveys, and census data document the “brain drain,” the phenomenon of highly educated and highly skilled workers migrating from their hometown to an urban or metropolitan area that promises a better life. Early indications of brain drain begin with high school graduates determining where to attend college. There is a pervasive belief that it is a measure of success and part of a process of upward mobility to go away to college, and therefore an implied failure if one remains in their hometown or region while earning a degree. This mentality and encouraged brain drain behavior is reinforced by a K-12 education system that sorts students early in their academic careers and invests in the best and brightest, while paying little attention to the majority of students (Harmon, 2010). This is a skewed approach and leaves many individuals, and their hometowns, with few opportunities and stifled upward social and economic mobility.   The needs of the workforce are rapidly changing. Some form of post-secondary education is required for the majority of entry-level jobs in the United States (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2017). Yet, higher education is being faced with increasing competition and growing skepticism regarding the value of a college degree. By collaborating and partnering with the region in which an institution exists, urban, suburban, or rural, colleges and universities can cut through higher education’s competitive noise and growing skepticism, while addressing the changing workforce needs and redefining students’ pride about where they earn a degree, and begin their careers, close to home. We call this paradigm shift the “Brain Remain,” and it has the potential to significantly alter the way higher education, K-12 districts, businesses, and community leaders work, operate, and collaborate in the new economy. This, in turn, can create bold new opportunities for students where they least expect them: right in their own backyards.

scholarly journals THE DETERMINING FACTORS OF THE BRAIN DRAIN IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMY OF THE COUNTRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Andrijana Ristovska ◽  
Marija Magdinceva Sopova ◽  
Kiril Postolov ◽  
Saso Josimovski
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Brain

This paper elaborates the issue about the ,,brain drain” phenomenon observing it through the prism of its intensity in the Republic of Macedonia and its positive and negative impacts, but also its effects on the development of the economy in the country. This research, which covered 1400 respondents from the target group of young people, aged between 15 and 29, begins by providing answers to the questions about the extent to which this phenomenon is present in Macedonia, what are the characteristics of the people who tend to leave the country, what are the pull factors that attract them to go abroad and also, what are the push factors that stimulate them to leave their own country, what are their expectations in relation to the development of the country in the future, what are their opinions about the effects of the brain drain on the development of the country – whether they are positive or negative effects and finally, which measures and policies, according to the respondents are of a great importance and should be taken by the government institutions and authorities, non-governmental organizations and private sector in order to reduce brain drain in the country.Republic of Macedonia is threatened by serious losses from brain drain that could decrease the human capital of the country and its economic growth. Macedonia faces a serious brain drain threat: 77.03% of respondents have firm stances to permanently leave the country, which is equal to loss of intellectual potential, loss of future skilled workers and entrepreneurs. It is a huge number of young people and poses a great danger to the aging of the population in the country, a risk to the economic potential and economic development of the country, especially if the continuity of migration lasts for a long time.Fortunately, the brain drain is a dynamic phenomenon, and its direction and intensity can be significantly changed through honest, serious and selfless efforts of all social stakeholders. In this direction, well-designed measures for the preservation of human capital in the country and their consistent implementation in practice, could turn this trend of brain drain into a successful brain circulation in Macedonia for a period of 5-10 years.Based on the presented results of the research given in the following text, but also on the basis of personal expertise and continuous monitoring of the brain drain process from the country, we propose several most important recommendations for activities at different levels of influence.

Europe and the immigration debate

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
P. C. EMMER
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Labour Immigration ◽  
Immigration Debate ◽  
Will Force ◽  
The Eu

The European debate on immigration is marred by stereotypes, such as the supposition that Europe is full, that asylum seekers can be separated from economic immigrants, that the sending countries suffer from brain drain and that immigrants take jobs away from the population in the receiving countries. Many of these arguments can be reversed, but recently immigrants have indeed been costly to the EU taxpayer. However, demographic decline will force Europe to devise a system by which labour immigration can be profitable again for the host countries.

Natural disasters, migration and education: an empirical analysis in developing countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alassane Drabo ◽  
Linguère Mously Mbaye
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Fixed Effects Estimator ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThis paper aims to assess the effect of natural disasters closely related to climate change on migration rates in developing countries, observing how this effect varies according to the level of education. We investigate this relationship by using panel data that measure international migration from developing countries to the main OECD destination countries. Estimations are made with a pair-country fixed effects estimator. The results show that natural disasters are positively associated with emigration rates. Furthermore, we show that natural disasters may exacerbate the brain drain in developing countries when they are at their most vulnerable and need greater support from skilled workers. We also find that the effect of natural disasters on migration varies depending on the geographical location of countries, as well as according to the type of disaster.

scholarly journals Remittance Inflow and the Brain Drain Issue in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Fauziana Fauzi @ Mat Rawi ◽  
Marziah Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

This paper intends to study the impact of remittance inflow on the Malaysian economy. It was found that recipient countries benefited from the inflow of remittance economically, financially and socially. Malaysia is one of the remittance recipient countries besides Philippines, Mexico and India. In the Malaysian context, most of the remittances come from skilled workers or professionals. Although remittances received will have positive effects on the Malaysian economy, it also creates brain drain issues due to the outflow of high skilled workers and professionals to other countries. As reported, more than two million people have emigrated since Malaysia’s independence in 1957 resulting in increase in remittances which shows the inflow of capital. This is only the short run impact. In long term, the country might face ‘double whammy’ on decrease in the remittance inflow.

scholarly journals Skilled Workers as a Priority of the EU’s Migration Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Olga Potemkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Talent Pool ◽  
A Priority ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Eu

In the article, the author refers to the EU Commission’s proposals on promoting legal migration channels to Europe as one of the objectives of the Migration and Asylum Pact. It is emphasized that the Coronavirus pandemic has revealed a shortage of qualified specialists in key areas of the EU economy, both at present and in the future. Two approaches of the Commission are analyzed – the revision of the legal framework for labor migration and the development of new tools for cooperation with the countries of migrants’ origin – «Talent Partnerships» and «Talent Pool». Particular attention is paid to the interinstitutional negotiations on the Blue Card Directive and the resulting compromise. The author recalls that the «Talent Partnerships» initiative was previously implemented in the EU in the form of «pilot projects», but had only a pinpoint impact on the emigration from the partner countries. The reasons for the expected failure of the «Talent Partnerships» are given – reluctance of the most Member States to conclude bilateral agreements with the countries of migrants’ origin and lack of the partner countries’ enthusiasm to support the «brain

scholarly journals Eight Questions about Brain Drain

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gibson ◽  
David McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Brain Gain ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
Production Externalities ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Key Questions

The term “brain drain” dominates popular discourse on high-skilled migration, and for this reason, we use it in this article. However, as Harry Johnson noted, it is a loaded phrase implying serious loss. It is far from clear that such a loss actually occurs in practice; indeed, there is an increasing recognition of the possible benefits that skilled migration can offer both for migrants and for sending countries. This paper builds upon a recent wave of empirical research to answer eight key questions underlying much of the brain drain debate: 1) What is brain drain? 2) Why should economists care about it? 3) Is brain drain increasing? 4) Is there a positive relationship between skilled and unskilled migration? 5) What makes brain drain more likely? 6) Does brain gain exist? 7) Do high-skilled workers remit, invest, and share knowledge back home? 8) What do we know about the fiscal and production externalities of brain drain?

From Brain Drain to Reverse Brain Drain

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Bano
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Reverse Brain Drain ◽  
The Brain

A reverse brain drain trend has resulted in a significant shift in the mobility of highly skilled workers educated as international students in Western countries to Asian countries. This chapter explores the brain drain to reverse brain drain situation in South Asia and highlights the implications for South Asia and the United States of America through an extensive literature review. The author argues that understanding the effects of reverse brain drain for South Asia and the USA can be crucial, and special policies and governmental programs are required to manage the trend in South Asia, and fill the void of professional workers in the USA.

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