scholarly journals NEW METHOD FOR EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF PANCREAS TRAUMAS FOR WISTAR RATS AND CYTOKINE LEVEL CHANGES IN THESE MODELS

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 254-257
Author(s):  
Edgars Zarembo ◽  
Olga Mežale ◽  
Aleksandrs Mikitins ◽  
Leontine Antonovica ◽  
Jekaterina Petla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cytokine Level ◽  
Experimental Modelling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

The incidence of pancreas traumas (PT) is low; however, lethality in case of PT remains unchangingly high. The aim of the present study is to develop a technically simple, easily repeatable method for experimental modelling of PT of various degrees of severity for Wistar rats and study changes in plasma levels of cytokines (IL-1β; IL-6; TNFα; IL-10; MCP-1; IL-12(p70)) for experimental models. Under general anaesthesia 50 animals were performed laparotomy and were made damages of pancreas tissues of various severity standardized using Crile clamps. 24 h and 72 h after creating PT the samples of blood serum were taken.In autopsy all animals were identified the features of pancreatitis. Severity of pancreatic histologic injury was associated with the impact severity. Plasma MCP-1 levels were significantly (p<0,05) increased in 24 h and 72 h samples. The method with putting Crile clamps under general anaesthesia shall be applied for creation of PT for Wistar rats and let model various degrees of PT severity. MCP-1 might play a pivotal role in inflammatoryresponse of acute pancreatitis.

scholarly journals Developing an experimental necrotic enteritis model in turkeys - the impact of Clostridium perfringens, Eimeria meleagrimitis and host age on frequency of severe intestinal lesions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P. Hardy ◽  
Sylvie L. Benestad ◽  
Inger Sofie Hamnes ◽  
Torfinn Moldal ◽  
Bruce David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

Abstract Background: Little information exists concerning the pathogenesis, immunity, microbiota or experimental reproduction of turkey necrotic enteritis. Necrotic enteritis in turkeys and chickens differ with regard to important aspects. The objective of this study was to contribute to the development of in vivo experimental models of necrotic enteritis in turkeys. Results: A four tier (0-3) scoring system with clearly defined degrees of severity of macroscopic intestinal lesions was developed, based on 2312 photographic images of opened intestines from 810 B.U.T. 10 or B.U.T. Premium turkeys examined in nine experiments. Loss of macroscopically recognizable villi in the anterior small intestine was established as the defining lesion qualifying for a score 3 (severe intestinal lesions). The developed scoring system was used to identify important factors in promoting high frequencies of turkeys with severe lesions: a combined Eimeria meleagrimitis and Clostridium perfringens challenge, challenge at five rather than three weeks of age, the use of an Eimeria meleagrimitis dose level of at least 5 000 oocysts per bird and finally, examination of the intestines of 5-week-old turkeys at 125 to 145 hours after Eimeria meleagrimitis inoculation. Numbers of oocysts excreted were not influenced by Clostridium perfringens inoculation or turkey age. Three different outcome variables (median lesion score, frequency of severe lesions and frequency of mucosal pseudomembranes/ulcers/depressions) were compared regarding ability to differentiate statistically between effects of dissimilar combinations of Clostridium perfringens inoculation and turkey age at challenge. Frequency of severe lesions was the superior outcome variable in this comparison. Conclusions: This study represents a first and major step forward in the development of in vivo experimental models of necrotic enteritis in turkeys.

scholarly journals Beneficial effect of retigabine on memory in rats receiving ethanol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Zwierzyńska ◽  
Agata Krupa-Burtnik ◽  
Bogusława Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Retigabine belongs to the novel generation of antiepileptic drugs but its complex mechanism of action causes that the drug might be effective in other diseases, for instance, alcohol dependence. It is known that ethanol abuse impaired the function of brain structures associated with memory and learning such as the hippocampus. In our previous study, retigabine reduced hippocampal changes induced by ethanol in the EEG rhythms in rabbits. This study is focused on the impact of retigabine on memory processes in male rats receiving alcohol. Methods Memory was evaluated in various experimental models: Morris water maze, Contextual, and Cued Fear Conditioning tests. Retigabine was administered for 3 weeks directly to the stomach via oral gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Rats received also 20% ethanol (5 g/kg/day in two doses) via oral gavage for 3 weeks and had free access to 5% ethanol in the afternoon and at night. Morris water maze was performed after 1 and 3 weeks of ethanol administration and after 1 week from the discontinuation of ethanol administration. Contextual and Cued Fear Conditioning tests were carried out after 24 h and 72 h of alcohol discontinuation. Results The drug significantly decreased ethanol-induced memory disturbances during alcohol administration as well as slightly improved learning processes after the discontinuation of ethanol administration. Conclusions This beneficial effect of retigabine-ethanol interaction on memory may be a relevant element of the drug’s impact on the development of addiction.

scholarly journals Preservation of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid bioavailability prevents renal allograft dysfunction and cardiovascular alterations in kidney transplant recipients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Duflot ◽  
Charlotte Laurent ◽  
Anne Soudey ◽  
Xavier Fonrose ◽  
Mouad Hamzaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Renal Allograft ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Allograft Dysfunction ◽  
Allograft Function ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study addressed the hypothesis that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) synthesized by CYP450 and catabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) are involved in the maintenance of renal allograft function, either directly or through modulation of cardiovascular function. The impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the sEH gene EPHX2 and CYP450 on renal and vascular function, plasma levels of EETs and peripheral blood monuclear cell sEH activity was assessed in 79 kidney transplant recipients explored at least one year after transplantation. Additional experiments in a mouse model mimicking the ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury suffered by the transplanted kidney evaluated the cardiovascular and renal effects of the sEH inhibitor t-AUCB administered in drinking water (10 mg/l) during 28 days after surgery. There was a long-term protective effect of the sEH SNP rs6558004, which increased EET plasma levels, on renal allograft function and a deleterious effect of K55R, which increased sEH activity. Surprisingly, the loss-of-function CYP2C9*3 was associated with a better renal function without affecting EET levels. R287Q SNP, which decreased sEH activity, was protective against vascular dysfunction while CYP2C8*3 and 2C9*2 loss-of-function SNP, altered endothelial function by reducing flow-induced EET release. In I/R mice, sEH inhibition reduced kidney lesions, prevented cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction as well as preserved endothelial function. The preservation of EET bioavailability may prevent allograft dysfunction and improve cardiovascular disease in kidney transplant recipients. Inhibition of sEH appears thus as a novel therapeutic option but its impact on other epoxyfatty acids should be carefully evaluated.

scholarly journals Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis in Acute Pancreatitis and Its Consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 107602962110102
Author(s):  
Łukasz Nawacki ◽  
Jarosław Matykiewicz ◽  
Ewa Stochmal ◽  
Stanisław Głuszek
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Vascular Complication ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
The Impact

Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) is a serious vascular complication that can occur in patients with acute pancreatitis. We assessed the incidence of SVT and its relationship with acute pancreatitis (AP) and associated complications. We carried out a retrospective analysis of medical histories from patients hospitalized with AP in a single surgical center. Histories were acquired from patients with abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scans performed between the 2nd and 3rd day of hospitalization. We assessed the impact and extent of thrombosis over the disease course. We found a strong positive correlation (Cramer’s V coefficient = 0.34) between SVT and disease severity. Mortality in the study group was 7.2% (8 patients) of which 5 patients (62.5%) were diagnosed with SVT. We observed an increased incidence of death among patients with thrombosis, with results approaching significance ( P = 0.056). In our study, we found that SVT has a negative effect on the course of AP and is associated with more severe disease and increased mortality.

scholarly journals Melatonin and diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats: impact on the hypophysial-testicular axis

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Scacchi Bernasconi ◽  
Nancy P. Cardoso ◽  
Roxana Reynoso ◽  
Pablo Scacchi ◽  
Daniel P. Cardinali
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Diet Manipulation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCombinations of fructose- and fat-rich diets in experimental animals can model the human metabolic syndrome (MS). In rats, the increase in blood pressure (BP) after diet manipulation is sex related and highly dependent on testosterone secretion. However, the extent of the impact of diet on rodent hypophysial-testicular axis remains undefined. In the present study, rats drinking a 10% fructose solution or fed a high-fat (35%) diet for 10 weeks had higher plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and lower plasma levels of testosterone, without significant changes in circulating follicle-stimulating hormone or the weight of most reproductive organs. Diet manipulation brought about a significant increase in body weight, systolic BP, area under the curve (AUC) of glycemia after an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid levels. The concomitant administration of melatonin (25 μg/mL of drinking water) normalized the abnormally high LH levels but did not affect the inhibited testosterone secretion found in fructose- or high-fat-fed rats. Rather, melatonin per se inhibited testosterone secretion. Melatonin significantly blunted the body weight and systolic BP increase, the increase in the AUC of glycemia after an IPGTT, and the changes in circulating lipid profile and uric acid found in both MS models. The results are compatible with a primary inhibition of testicular function in diet-induced MS in rats and with the partial effectiveness of melatonin to counteract the metabolic but not the testicular sequelae of rodent MS.

scholarly journals Application of Stereolithographic Custom Models for Studying the Impact of Biofilms and Mineral Precipitation on Fluid Flow

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 8721-8728 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Stoner ◽  
S. M. Watson ◽  
R. D. Stedtfeld ◽  
P. Meakin ◽  
L. K. Griffel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Bacillus Pasteurii ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Fracture Apertures ◽  
Internal Configuration ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Here we introduce the use of transparent experimental models fabricated by stereolithography for studying the impacts of biomass accumulation, minerals precipitation, and physical configuration of flow paths on liquid flow in fracture apertures. The internal configuration of the models ranged in complexity from simple geometric shapes to those that incorporate replicated surfaces of natural fractures and computationally derived fracture surfaces. High-resolution digital time-lapse imaging was employed to qualitatively observe the migration of colloidal and soluble dyes through the flow models. In this study, a Sphingomonas sp. and Sporosarcina (Bacillus) pasteurii influenced the fluid dynamics by physically altering flow paths. Microbial colonization and calcite deposition enhanced the stagnant regions adjacent to solid boundaries. Microbial growth and calcite precipitation occurred to a greater extent in areas behind the fabricated obstacles and less in high-velocity orifices.

Stereoscopically Observed Deformations of a Compliant Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark A. Meyer ◽  
Eric Bertrand ◽  
Olivier Boiron ◽  
Valérie Deplano
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Cyclic Strain ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
The Impact

A new experimental setup has been implemented to precisely measure the deformations of an entire model abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This setup addresses a gap between the computational and experimental models of AAA that have aimed at improving the limited understanding of aneurysm development and rupture. The experimental validation of the deformations from computational approaches has been limited by a lack of consideration of the large and varied deformations that AAAs undergo in response to physiologic flow and pressure. To address the issue of experimentally validating these calculated deformations, a stereoscopic imaging system utilizing two cameras was constructed to measure model aneurysm displacement in response to pressurization. The three model shapes, consisting of a healthy aorta, an AAA with bifurcation, and an AAA without bifurcation, were also evaluated with computational solid mechanical modeling using finite elements to assess the impact of differences between material properties and for comparison against the experimental inflations. The device demonstrated adequate accuracy (surface points were located to within 0.07 mm) for capturing local variation while allowing the full length of the aneurysm sac to be observed at once. The experimental model AAA demonstrated realistic aneurysm behavior by having cyclic strains consistent with reported clinical observations between pressures 80 and 120 mm Hg. These strains are 1–2%, and the local spatial variations in experimental strain were less than predicted by the computational models. The three different models demonstrated that the asymmetric bifurcation creates displacement differences but not cyclic strain differences within the aneurysm sac. The technique and device captured regional variations of strain that are unobservable with diameter measures alone. It also allowed the calculation of local strain and removed rigid body motion effects on the strain calculation. The results of the computations show that an asymmetric aortic bifurcation created displacement differences but not cyclic strain differences within the aneurysm sac.

scholarly journals Ca 2+ toxicity and mitochondrial damage in acute pancreatitis: translational overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1700) ◽  
pp. 20150425 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Maléth ◽  
Péter Hegyi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Mitochondrial Damage ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Cellular Ca

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a leading cause of hospitalization among non-malignant gastrointestinal disorders. The mortality of severe AP can reach 30–50%, which is most probably owing to the lack of specific treatment. Therefore, AP is a major healthcare problem, which urges researchers to identify novel drug targets. Studies from the last decades highlighted that the toxic cellular Ca 2+ overload and mitochondrial damage are key pathogenic steps in the disease development affecting both acinar and ductal cell functions. Moreover, recent observations showed that modifying the cellular Ca 2+ signalling might be beneficial in AP. The inhibition of Ca 2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum or the activity of plasma membrane Ca 2+ influx channels decreased the severity of AP in experimental models. Similarly, inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening also seems to improve the outcome of AP in in vivo animal models. At the moment MPTP blockers are under detailed clinical investigation to test whether interventions in MPTP openings and/or Ca 2+ homeostasis of the cells can be specific targets in prevention or treatment of cell damage in AP. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolution brings Ca 2+ and ATP together to control life and death’.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document