scholarly journals High Performance Poly(1-oxotrimethylene) Fibers by Gel Spinning Method Using Aqueous Composite Metal Salt Solutions

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Morita ◽  
Ryu Taniguchi ◽  
Jinichiro Kato
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Gel Spinning

Azo (Hydrazone) pigments: general principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Christie
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Physical Form

Abstract This paper presents an overview of the general chemical principles underlying the structures, synthesis and technical performance of azo pigments, the dominant chemical class of industrial organic pigments in the yellow, orange, and red shade areas, both numerically and in terms of tonnage manufactured. A description of the most significant historical features in this group of pigments is provided, starting from the discovery of the chemistry on which azo colorants are based by Griess in the mid-nineteenth century, through the commercial introduction of the most important classical azo pigments in the early twentieth century, including products known as the Hansa Yellows, β-naphthol reds, including metal salt pigments, and the diarylide yellows and oranges, to the development in the 1950s and 1960s of two classes of azo pigments that exhibit high performance, disazo condensation pigments and benzimidazolone-based azo pigments. A feature that complicates the description of the chemical structures of azo pigments is that they exist in the solid state as the ketohydrazone rather than the hydroxyazo form, in which they have been traditionally been illustrated. Numerous structural studies conducted over the years on an extensive range of azo pigments have demonstrated this feature. In this text, they are referred to throughout as azo (hydrazone) pigments. Since a common synthetic procedure is used in the manufacture of virtually all azo (hydrazone) pigments, this is discussed in some detail, including practical aspects. The procedure brings together two organic components as the fundamental starting materials, a diazo component and a coupling component. An important reason for the dominance of azo (hydrazone) pigments is that they are highly cost-effective. The syntheses generally involve low cost, commodity organic starting materials and are carried out in water as the reaction solvent, which offers obvious economic and environmental advantages. The versatility of the approach means that an immense number of products may be prepared, so that they have been adapted structurally to meet the requirements of many applications. On an industrial scale, the processes are straightforward, making use of simple, multi-purpose chemical plant. Azo pigments may be produced in virtually quantitative yields and the processes are carried out at or below ambient temperatures, thus presenting low energy requirements. Finally, provided that careful control of the reaction conditions is maintained, azo pigments may be prepared directly by an aqueous precipitation process that can optimise physical form, with control of particle size distribution, crystalline structure, and surface character. The applications of azo pigments are outlined, with more detail reserved for subsequent papers on individual products.

Homogeneous Metal Salt Solutions for Biomass Upgrading and Other Select Organic Reactions

ACS Catalysis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 9923-9952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Rodriguez Quiroz ◽  
Angela M. Norton ◽  
Hannah Nguyen ◽  
Efterpi Vasileiadou ◽  
Dionisios G. Vlachos
Keyword(s):  
Metal Salt ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Salt Solutions

Novel aliphatic polyketone fiber by a wet-spinning method using aqueous composite metal salt solutions

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 1183-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Morita ◽  
Ryu Taniguchi ◽  
Teruhiko Matsuo ◽  
Jinichiro Kato
Keyword(s):  
Metal Salt ◽  
Wet Spinning ◽  
Salt Solutions

Improving Loading Amount and Performance of Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells through Metal Salt Solutions Treatment on Photoanode

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (45) ◽  
pp. 31006-31015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenran Wang ◽  
Jun Du ◽  
Zhenwei Ren ◽  
Wenxiang Peng ◽  
Zhenxiao Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Loading Amount ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

A Voltammetric and Chronopotentiometric Study of Anodized Aluminium in Metal Salt Solutions

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Skominas ◽  
S. Lichušina ◽  
P. Miečinskas ◽  
A. Jagminas
Keyword(s):  
Metal Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions
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