scholarly journals Photo- or EB-Induced Cross-Linking Reaction of the Polymers Containing Pendant Epoxide or Vinyl Ether Groups from Glycidyl Vinyl Ether.

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikio SASANO ◽  
Tadatomi NISHIKUBO
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ether ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Glycidyl Vinyl Ether

Selective polymerization of glycidyl vinyl ether.

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikio SASANO ◽  
Tadatomi NISHIKUBO
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ether ◽  
Glycidyl Vinyl Ether

NMR Study of the Radiation-Induced Cross-Linking of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether)

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (26) ◽  
pp. 8101-8108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Forsythe ◽  
D. J. T. Hill ◽  
A. L. Logothetis ◽  
T. Seguchi ◽  
A. K. Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ether ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Radiation Induced

Vulcanization and Vulcanizate Properties of a Fluoroelastomer Containing Epoxy Groups as Cure Sites

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kojima ◽  
H. Kojima ◽  
M. Morozumi ◽  
H. Wachi ◽  
M. Hlsasue
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Vinyl Ether ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hostile Environments ◽  
Epoxy Groups ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Glycidyl Vinyl Ether

Abstract The vulcanization behavior and vulcanizate properties of tetrafluoroethylene-propylene elastomer containing a small amount of glycidyl vinyl ether as cure site was investigated both at room temperature and at high temperature with different types of the vulcanizing agents. The conclusions are: 1. Glycidyl vinyl ether incorporates into the tetrafluoroethylene-propylene copolymerization system without disturbing the alternating microstructure and works as an efficient cure site. 2. The room-temperature vulcanization of the terpolymer proceeds at an adequate rate when tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol is used as the curative together with phenol as the accelerating agent. 3. Coatings of the terpolymer make a tough finish on many substrates such as steel and hydrocarbon rubbers and protect the substrates from hostile environments. 4. The vulcanization behavior of the terpolymer at high temperature is much influenced by the kind of curative. The carboxylate of hexamethylenediamine [e.g., hexamethylenediamine-N,N′-bis(p-isopropylbenzoate)] provides balanced vulcanization behavior and mechanical properties suitable for molding articles of complex shapes. 5. The mechanical and chemical properties of the high-temperature vulcanizate thus obtained are similar to those of the tetrafluoroethylene-propylene binary system vulcanized by peroxide.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FIXATION WITH FORMALDEHYDE AND GLUTARALDEHYDE ON THE COMPOSITION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS EXTRACTABLE FROM RAT HYPOTHALAMUS

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 482-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. ROOZEMOND
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ether ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Tissue Extract ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Hydrolytic Cleavage ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Ether Bond ◽  
Rat Hypothalamus ◽  
The Cross

Fixation of rat hypothalamus in 4% formaldehyde + 1% CaCl2 for 24 hr at 0°C reduced the amount of extractable ethanolamine phospholipids considerably. This decrease may be caused by hydrolytic cleavage of the vinyl ether bond in phosphatidalethanolamine and by reaction of formaldehyde with the free amino groups in ethanolamine phospholipids. Evidence is presented that the reaction with free amino groups may be the main cause for the decrease of extractable phospholipids when dealing with a fixative that contains glutaraldehyde and is buffered at pH 7. In this case no phosphatidylserine and hardly any phosphatidylethanolamine could be detected in the tissue extract. It is presumed that these phospholipids are fixed to proteins by the cross-linking action of glutaraldehyde involving free amino groups of proteins and phospholipids.

Influence of Calcium Ions on the Plant Cell Surface: Membrane Fusions and Conformational Changes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
D. James Morré ◽  
Charles E. Bracker ◽  
William J. VanDerWoude
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Wall Extensibility

Calcium ions in the concentration range 5-100 mM inhibit auxin-induced cell elongation and wall extensibility of plant stems. Inhibition of wall extensibility requires that the tissue be living; growth inhibition cannot be explained on the basis of cross-linking of carboxyl groups of cell wall uronides by calcium ions. In this study, ultrastructural evidence was sought for an interaction of calcium ions with some component other than the wall at the cell surface of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) hypocotyls.

Embedding Procedure for Water Swollen Samples

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
Ann M. Thomas ◽  
Virginia Shemeley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Exchange Resins

Those samples which swell rapidly when exposed to water are, at best, difficult to section for transmission electron microscopy. Some materials literally burst out of the embedding block with the first pass by the knife, and even the most rapid cutting cycle produces sections of limited value. Many ion exchange resins swell in water; some undergo irreversible structural changes when dried. We developed our embedding procedure to handle this type of sample, but it should be applicable to many materials that present similar sectioning difficulties.The purpose of our embedding procedure is to build up a cross-linking network throughout the sample, while it is in a water swollen state. Our procedure was suggested to us by the work of Rosenberg, where he mentioned the formation of a tridimensional structure by the polymerization of the GMA biproduct, triglycol dimethacrylate.

The Current Situation in Chemical Stabilization of Biological Materials

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John H. Luft
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Chemical Stabilization ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Radio Telescopes

With information processing devices such as radio telescopes, microscopes or hi-fi systems, the quality of the output often is limited by distortion or noise introduced at the input stage of the device. This analogy can be extended usefully to specimen preparation for the electron microscope; fixation, which initiates the processing sequence, is the single most important step and, unfortunately, is the least well understood. Although there is an abundance of fixation mixtures recommended in the light microscopy literature, osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde are favored for electron microscopy. These fixatives react vigorously with proteins at the molecular level. There is clear evidence for the cross-linking of proteins both by osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde and cross-linking may be a necessary if not sufficient condition to define fixatives as a class.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document