scholarly journals Maxillofacial Female Surgeons: Perspectives and Obstacles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Shadia Abd-Elhameed Elsayed
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
High Income ◽  
Academic Surgery ◽  
Female Surgeons

There are many challenges and many barriers to the maxillofacial profession for female surgeons, particularly the beginners of their career. The reported analysis data revealed that this is not concentrated in developing countries, but it is unexpectedly found in many developed and high-income countries. The continued progress of women in academic surgery depends on addressing such issues and trying to solve these challenging problems.

scholarly journals Maxillofacial Female Surgeons: Perspectives and Obstacles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadia Abd-Elhameed Elsayed
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
High Income ◽  
Academic Surgery ◽  
Female Surgeons

There are many challenges and many barriers to the maxillofacial profession for female surgeons, particularly the beginners of their career. The reported analysis data revealed that this is not concentrated in developing countries, but it is unexpectedly found in many developed and high-income countries. The continued progress of women in academic surgery depends on addressing such issues and trying to solve these challenging problems.

Biographic Characteristics and Factors Perceived as Affecting Female and Male Careers in Academic Surgery: The Tenured Gender Battle to Make It to the Top

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 139-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Schwarz ◽  
Sonia Sippel ◽  
Andrew Entwistle ◽  
Anna Kathrin Hell ◽  
Sarah Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Career Guidance ◽  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Academic Surgery ◽  
Female Surgeons ◽  
High Degree

Purpose: Given the high attrition rate in the field of academic surgery, we aimed to characterise the professional and personal situations of female and male academic surgeons as well as to gather data on their respective perceptions of career advancement and work satisfaction. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Germany, inviting all identifiable academically highly qualified female surgeons and their male counterparts in a 1:2 ratio to participate. An anonymous 103-item online questionnaire was designed and the data collected between July and September 2014. Results: The questionnaire was sent to 93 female and 200 male surgeons, of whom 63 women (67.7%) and 70 men (35.0%) replied. The average age was 47.5 and 47.1 years, respectively. Respondents identified ‘high degree of expertise', ‘ambition', and ‘clarity of one's professional aims' as important factors affecting professional career development. Both groups felt ‘workload', ‘working hours/shifts', and ‘gender' to be a hindrance, the latter of significantly greater importance to female surgeons. The mean work satisfaction scores were high in both female (69.5%) and male (75.7%) surgeons. The predictors ‘support from superiors' (standardised β coefficient = 0.41) and ‘manual aptitude' (β = 0.41) contributed incrementally to the variance in ‘high degree of work satisfaction' (90-100%) observed for female surgeons. However, childcare provided by ‘kindergarten/crèche/after-school care' had the greatest negative predictive value (β = -1.33). Conclusions: Although there are many parallels, female faculty members experience the culture of academic surgery to some extent differently from their male counterparts, especially when impacted by parenthood and childcare. Faculty development programmes need to develop strategies to improve perceived equality in career opportunities by respecting individuals' requirements as well as offering gender-appropriate career guidance.

scholarly journals Obstacles to integrated pest management adoption in developing countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 3889-3894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soroush Parsa ◽  
Stephen Morse ◽  
Alejandro Bonifacio ◽  
Timothy C. B. Chancellor ◽  
Bruno Condori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Concept Mapping ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
High Income ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Shed Light

Despite its theoretical prominence and sound principles, integrated pest management (IPM) continues to suffer from anemic adoption rates in developing countries. To shed light on the reasons, we surveyed the opinions of a large and diverse pool of IPM professionals and practitioners from 96 countries by using structured concept mapping. The first phase of this method elicited 413 open-ended responses on perceived obstacles to IPM. Analysis of responses revealed 51 unique statements on obstacles, the most frequent of which was “insufficient training and technical support to farmers.” Cluster analyses, based on participant opinions, grouped these unique statements into six themes: research weaknesses, outreach weaknesses, IPM weaknesses, farmer weaknesses, pesticide industry interference, and weak adoption incentives. Subsequently, 163 participants rated the obstacles expressed in the 51 unique statements according to importance and remediation difficulty. Respondents from developing countries and high-income countries rated the obstacles differently. As a group, developing-country respondents rated “IPM requires collective action within a farming community” as their top obstacle to IPM adoption. Respondents from high-income countries prioritized instead the “shortage of well-qualified IPM experts and extensionists.” Differential prioritization was also evident among developing-country regions, and when obstacle statements were grouped into themes. Results highlighted the need to improve the participation of stakeholders from developing countries in the IPM adoption debate, and also to situate the debate within specific regional contexts.

scholarly journals ANALISIS EFISIENSI LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Ihwan Susila
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Finance Industry ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Development Analysis ◽  
Future Growth

This article discuss about microfinance organizations. The research based on analysis of efficiency of Badan Kredit Desa (BKD) in Sukoharjo district in Central of Java Province. In the earlier, paper discuss about microfinance and its role in the economics development. Analysis data use Data Envelopment Analysis with three inputs and two outputs to analysis of financial performance and eight inputs and four outputs to analysis of general efficiency. This research found that from 169 BKD used as setting in this research, only 21 BKD have efficiency in finance performance and 73 BKD in general performance. In the future, microfinance organizations (BKD) need innovation especially in the system which originated in developing countries where it has successfully enabled extremely impoverished people to engage in self-employment projects that allow them to generate an income and, in many cases, begin to build wealth and exit poverty. Due to the success of microcredit, many in the traditional banking industry have begun to realize that these microcredit borrowers should more correctly be categorized as pre-bankable; thus, microcredit is increasingly gaining credibility in the mainstream finance industry and many traditional large finance organizations are contemplating microcredit projects as a source of future growth.

scholarly journals Drivers of Mobility in the Global South

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
Patrizio Piraino
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Global South ◽  
High Income ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
The Standard Model

Empirical studies in developing countries tend to find higher levels of socioeconomic persistence across generations compared with those of high-income economies. However, there have been relatively few advances in the identification of the drivers of such higher levels of intergenerational persistence. By focusing on relevant evidence from developing countries and emerging economies, this chapter points to some of the potential drivers of social mobility that are either outside those typically considered in high-income countries or likely to be of greater relevance in the developing world. The chapter builds on the standard model of intergenerational mobility to discuss the appropriateness of some of its assumptions in a developing-country context. It will then advance some suggestions for future theoretical and empirical investigations of social mobility in the Global South.

scholarly journals Education Partnership Can Build Surgical Capacity in Developing Countries: A High-Income Countries and Upper Middle-Income Countries 30-Year Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. S224
Author(s):  
Gabriela Alejandra Buerba Romero Valdes ◽  
Ismael Dominguez-Rosado ◽  
Heriberto Medina-Franco ◽  
Miguel Angel Mercado-Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Income ◽  
Surgical Capacity ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

scholarly journals Why Don’t People Ride Bicycles in High-Income Developing Countries, and Can Bike-Sharing Be the Solution? The Case of Qatar

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Shaaban
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Income ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Arabian Gulf Region ◽  
Societal Pressure ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Barriers And Motivators

Although cycling is increasing in developed regions, such as Europe and North America, high-income developing countries in the Arabian Gulf region still have low cycling activities. Limited research has investigated the barriers to cycling in these countries. In this study, the barriers and motivators in Qatar, a high-income developing country, were investigated. Respondents were asked to report their bicycle usage during the last 12 months. The results indicated that approximately 15% used a bicycle during this period, but only 1.7% bicycled for transportation purposes. The analysis revealed the different barriers to cycling and their relative strengths. The study also compared the perceived challenges of cycling between males and females. The questionnaire results indicated that both groups considered the issues related to the weather conditions, bicycle ownership, lack of paths or connections, and driver behavior as important barriers to cycling. However, the female participants identified clothing, parental consent, and cultural and societal pressure as far more important. When asked about motivators for cycling, the results revealed that improving intersections, adding additional infrastructure facilities, planting trees for shading, affordable bicycles, and campaigns targeting potential cyclists and drivers are needed in order to increase cycling. To better understand how bike-sharing will be perceived if implemented in the future, the feedback was obtained from the participants, and their opinions indicated that there is a great deal of acceptance for this type of service. The outcome of this study can be of benefit to public agencies in developing countries that have the goal of increasing cycling use among their populations.

Global Digital Divide

2011 ◽  
pp. 1664-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Kshetri ◽  
Nikhilesh Dholakia
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Global Digital Divide ◽  
Telecommunications Services

Despite rapidly falling costs of hardware, software and telecommunications services, a wide gap persists between rich and poor nations in terms of their capabilities of accessing, delivering, and exchanging information in digital forms (Carter and Grieco, 2000). According to a report published by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development in 2006, a person in a high-income country was more than 22 times likely to use the Internet than someone in a low-income country (UNCTAD, 2006). The ratios were 29 times for mobile phones and 21 times for fixed phones. An estimate suggested that more than 95% of e-commerce transactions in 2003 were industrialized countries (Tedeschi, 2003). Another estimate suggested that 99.9% of business-to-consumer e-commerce in 2003 took place in the developed regions of North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific (Computer Economics, 2000). This is a form of commercial divide (UN Chronicle, 2003). Another estimate suggests that 80 percent of the global trade in high technology products originates from Europe, the U.S., and Japan (Bowonder, 2001) and 92 % of the patents granted in the world are owned by the members of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (Archibugi and Iammarino, 2000). Whereas high-income countries have income 63 times that of low-income countries, the respective ratios are 97 for PCs, 133 for mobile phones, and over 2,100 for Internet hosts (Dholakia and Kshetri, 2003). While reliable data on e-commerce transactions are not available, the ratio is likely to be even higher for e-commerce transactions since e-commerce is virtually non-existent in many developing countries. The pattern indicates that the gap between developed and developing countries is wider for more recent technologies such as PC, mobile phone, and the Internet than for technologies which were introduced earlier. This article provides an assessment of three computer networks that redefine the conventional definition of market value by allowing developing nations and communities (Brooks, 2001) reap the benefits of modern ICTs: Global Trade Point Network (GTPNet) and Little Intelligent Communities (LINCOS).

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