scholarly journals Evaluation of Infiltration Behaviour and Soil Characteristics in Dhanbad - Jharia Township Area, Jharkhand, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 584-591
Author(s):  
Ritu Sinha ◽  
Prasoon Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Arc Gis

As a consequence of interaction between human and surrounding urban soils are generally sealed, compacted and contaminated. Thus investigating and understanding the processes, properties and functions of these soil posses a great challenge for the large human population. The prime goal of this study has to evaluate and relate the steady state infiltration rate with parameters which has significant impact on it. The various parameter considered here includes bulk density, total porosity, organic matter, sand, silt and clay content. Further, current study was also analysed by thematic maps such as soil and geomorphology map. Sixteen locations were selected randomly and experiment was conducted through double ring infiltrometer having inner and outer diameter 30 and 60 cm in the interval of 5,5,10,10,15,15,30,30 minutes. Soil samples were also collected near by the each experiment site for the determination of above said parameters. The results of the infiltration rates was mapped by applying the interpolation method of the Arc GIS 10 software and classified as slow, slow to medium and medium classes. Furthermore, the generated data were subjected to correlation and regression analysis which reveals the significant positive correlation with total porosity, sand organic matter, having r = 0.818, 0.811 and 0.573 where as bulk density, silt and clay were significantly negatively correlated as r = - 0.627, -0.693 and - 0.444.Overall, the measured infiltration rate varies from slow to medium class which may be due to the soil compaction and other parameters. So to over come this hazard appropriate environmental measure must be applied and plant cover must be increased.

scholarly journals Erosion Effect on Soil Physical Properties in Selected Farmlands in Gidan Kwano, Niger State

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration

The study was conducted to investigate if erosion is a major problem and to identify the effect of erosion on some physical properties on selected farmlands on four farms in Gidan kwano. It was done by observation, interview, and questionnaire and soil sample analysis. The infiltration rate, bulk density, porosity, organic matter content, particle size and aggregate stability were determined for all the sample location. The erosion fields results were compared with the results of the non-eroded fields. The results showed that farming was done with simple method and mechanized equipment when available and erosion was considered a major problem in all the farms. The results revealed that bulk density values ranged between 1.475gcm-3and 1.606gcm-3, cumulative infiltration rate fluctuated between 29.75cm/hr and 37.48cm/hr, porosity ranged between 36.49% and 44.34%, organic matter content fluctuated between 0.29% and 0.73% and aggregate stability ranged between 58.00% and 67.60% for the erosion field. The results also revealed that bulk density fluctuated between 1.458gcm-3and 1.544gcm-3, cumulative infiltration rate ranged between 32.19 cm/hr and 40.48cm/hr, porosity fluctuated between 41.73% and 44.98%, organic matter content ranged between 0.30% and 1.09% and aggregate stability ranged between 63.97% and 68.93% for the non-eroded field. From the results, it provides evidence that the effects of erosion on the physical properties were increased bulk density, decreased infiltration rate, organic matter content, porosity, aggregate stability and percentage sand, silt and clay content. Statistical analysis proved that the results were significant (p<0.05) except for the bulk density and porosity which could be attributed to the swelling and compaction characteristics of the soils.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Data Sifat Tanah Dalam Pendugaan Laju Infiltrasi Pada Areal Hutan Berlereng Curam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Bejo Slamet ◽  
Dewi Sagita Ginting ◽  
Deni Elfiati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Steep Slopes

Kendala pengukuran infiltrasi pada lahan hutan pegunungan adalah posisi lokasi yang jauh dan mempunyai kelerengan yang curam sampai sangat curam.  Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan model hubungan antara sifat tanah pada areal hutan yang berlereng curam dengan laju infiltrasi.  Penelitian dilakukan di Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura) Bukit Barisan Kabupaten Karo Provinsi Sumatera Utara.  Sifat tanah yang dijadikan sebagai parameter penduga adalah tekstur tanah, bulk density (kepadatan tanah) dan bahan organik.  Pengukuran infiltrasi di lapangan dilakukan dengan metode double ring infiltrometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi liat, bulk density, porositas dan bahan organic mampu memberikan nilai pendugaan laju infiltrasi maksimum dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,567 dan pendugaan waktu mencapai konstan dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,760.  Adapaun model persamaan penduga laju infiltrasi minimum hanya memberikan nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,162.  Variabilitas spasial laju infiltrasi yang tinggi mengakibatkan pendugaan menggunakan sifat fisik tanah masih memberikan koefisisen determinasi yang rendah.  Namun demikian model persamaan ini dapat dijadikan sebagai penduga infiltrasi pada areal pebukitan dengan kelerengan curam dan jauh dari sumber air.   The constraints on measuring infiltration on mountain forest land are the remote locations and have steep slopes to very steep. This research was conducted to obtain a model of the relationship between the soil properties in steep slope forests with infiltration rates. The study was held in the Bukit Barisan Forest Park (Tahura), Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province. The properties of the soil which are used as estimating parameters are soil texture, bulk density and soil organic matter. Measurement of infiltration in the field was done by t double ring infiltrometer method. The results show that the clay fraction, bulk density, porosity and soil organic matter were able to provide the estimation values of maximum infiltration rate with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.567 and the estimation of constant time with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.760. However, the estimation equation of minimum infiltration rate model only gives a determination coefficient of 0.162. The high spatial variability of infiltration rate in the field resulting in the low of the coefficient of determination of the model. However, this equation model can be used as an estimator of infiltration in hills with steep slopes and far from water sources.

Soil Management for Conservation and Sustainable Rice Production in an Irrigated Area of Eastern Nigeria

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L.A. Asadu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Cropping Season

An comparison of soilmanagement techniques In the different irrigation zones of Lower Anambra Irrigation Project (LAIP) In eastern Nigeria showed that heavy use of machinery led to Increases In bulk density and decreases In field water Infiltration rate. The relative proportion of clay In the irrigated fields Increased as a result of Irrigation, suggesting that mobilized clay from uncemented main and distribution canals Is carried and deposited In the rice fields. Both Irrigation and the use of machinery have had substantial negative effects on soli nutrient levels, and there is a danger of this process continuing. Soli management for sustainable production in the area should centre on applying organic matter in combination with inorganic fertilizers, monitoring the soli properties on yearly basis before the cropping season for fertilizer and lime recommendations, and varying the depth of tillage to Increase or maintain the effective soli depth.

Soil hydrology and vegetation as impacted by goat grazing in Vertisols and Regosols in semi-arid shrublands of northern Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nallely A. Carbajal-Morón ◽  
Mario G. Manzano ◽  
Ricardo Mata-González
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Hydrology ◽  
Goat Grazing ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
The World ◽  
Tamaulipan Thornscrub

Shrubland ecosystems are less studied than grasslands regarding the role of domestic grazing on ecosystem degradation in the world, but particularly in Mexico. Of special concern is the paucity of research on soil hydrological responses to the impact of livestock. Here, we assessed the role that specific soil and surface characteristics play in soil hydrology as a response to goat grazing intensity in two different soil types, Regosol and Vertisol, in the Tamaulipan thornscrub of north-eastern Mexico. At each soil unit, a set of grazing regimes was identified, including heavy grazing (HG), moderate grazing (MG) and a no-grazing (NG) reference area, and selected soil properties and plant cover were evaluated. In Regosol sites, soil organic matter varied among all grazing regimes (4.6% higher on NG and 2.1% higher on MG with respect HG) and no dissimilarities on bulk density were recorded. For Vertisol sites, soil bulk density increased with grazing intensity (16% higher on MG and 37% higher on HG with respect to NG) whereas plant cover linearly decreased from 86% in NG to 29% in MG and 9% in HG sites. Soil organic matter content for Regosol, and plant cover and soil bulk density for Vertisol appeared as the best indicators of water infiltration and moisture retention for the grazing conditions assessed. Differences in those key driving variables may help explain surface hydrology responses to goat grazing in rangeland soils of Tamaulipan thornscrub ecosystems and possibly on similar rangelands around the world. Clear signs of vegetation degradation were also observed, manifested by a loss in species diversity and plant cover, especially under heavy grazing. This reflects unsustainable livestock management practices that should be avoided. This study contributes to improve our understanding of rangeland degradation processes and justifies devising more sustainable grazing management schemes.

The effect of plant top material on the water repellence of fired sands and water repellent soils

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA McGhie ◽  
AM Posner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Water Repellence

Large differences in the water repellence were conferred on fired sand by adding the ground tops of a range of plant species. Contact angles of 75� to 90� were caused at 2% of most pasture and native species and at 5 % many gave contact angles > 95� The cereal crops gave contact angles of about 60� (2%) and 83�(5 %) and were more wettable than pasture and native species. The addition of ground Geraldton subterranean clover (Trifolium subteraneum cv. Geraldton) or brown mallet (Eucalyptus astrigens (Maiden)) to water-repellent sands increased the water repellence. Addition of clover to a water-repellent mallet-hill soil increased the water infiltration rate while the mallet did not change the slow rate. Wheat (Triticum aestivm), when added to water-repellent soils, always reduced the water repellence. Attention is drawn to the importance of the relative wettability of the soil and added organic matter, and therefore the type of plant cover. Soils sampled from beneath wheat/clover rotations of various lengths showed that water repellence increased in the pasture phase and was reduced during the cropping phase. The importance of the type, as well as the amount, of organic matter in the rotations is demonstrated.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KETERSEDIAAN AIR TANAH DAN SIFAT-SIFAT DASAR FISIKA TANAH

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Kukuh Murtilaksono ◽  
Enny Dwi Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Wilting Point

This research was conducted to study relationship between soil moisture content and soil physical characteristics that affected the moisture.The soil samples were collected from 22 scattered sites of West Java and Central Java. Analysis of soil physical properties (texture, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and soil moisture retention) and soil chemical property (organic matter) was conducted at the laboratory of Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Analysis of simple linier regression was applied to know the correlation between soil moisture content and other basic soil physical properties.Availability of soil moisture (pF 4.20 – pF 2.54) significantly correlated with organic matter, total porosity, and micro pores. The higher organic matter content as well as total porosity and micro pores the higher available soil moisture. Soil moisture of field capacity significantly correlated with clay content, sand content, micro and macro pores. The higher clay content and micro pores the higher soil moisture of field capacity. In the contrary, the higher macro pores and sand content the lower the field capacity. Soil moisture of wilting point significantly correlated with clay content and macro pores. The higher clay content the higher the wilting point, while the higher macro pores the lower soil moisture of wilting point. Keywords : Available soil water, field capacity, organic matter, soil pores, wilting point

Evaluation of some selected soil properties of a drip irrigated tomato field at different moisture regimes in South-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.O. Ogundipe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Tomato Field

Soil properties are important to the development of agricultural crops. This study determined some selected soil properties of a drip irrigated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) field at different moisture regime in South-Western Nigeria. The experiment was carried out using Randomized Complete Block Design with frequency and depth of irrigation application as the main plot and sub-plot, respectively in three replicates. Three frequencies (7, 5 and 3 days) and three depths equivalent to 100, 75 and 50% of water requirement were used. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were collected from 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers for the determination of some soil properties (soil texture, organic matter content, bulk density, infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity) were determined using standard formulae. Soil Water Content (SWC) monitoring was conducted every two days using a gravimetric technique. The soil texture was sandy loam for all the soil depths; average value of soil organic matter was highest (1.8%) in the 0-5 cm surface layer and decreased with soil depth; the soil bulk density value before and after irrigation experiment ranged from 1.48 and 1.73 g/cm3 and 1.5 and 1.76 g/cm3, respectively; there was a rapid reduction in the initial infiltration and final infiltration rate. Saturated hydraulic conductivity show similar trend although the 20-30 cm layer had the lowest value (50.84 mm/h); the SWC affect bulk density during the growing season. The study showed that soil properties especially bulk density and organic matter content affect irrigation water movement at different depth..

Soils under Shorea robusta in foot hills of the Eastern Himalaya - their characteristics and carbon sequestration potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Samar Gangopadhyay ◽  
◽  
Samar Banerjee ◽  
Avinash Jain ◽  
Saikat Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Study Sites

Forest soils supporting Sal-Shorea robusta (Roxb. ex Gaertn. f.) plantations in the foot hills of Darjeeling and Kurseong Divisions in West Bengal were studied for their physicochemical characteristics and carbon sequestration potential. Soils are acidic, high in organic carbon and clay content but low in soil reaction (pH) and bulk density (BD). Thick deposit of leaf litter and its decomposition products increase the soil organic carbon (SOC). Significant amount of clay content also increases the moisture content which helps in decomposing the organic matter, reducing the bulk density of soil and reduces erosion. Soil organic matter tends to concentrate with roughly more than half of the soil organic carbon in the upper soil horizons (0-30cm) at all the study sites. Among the study sites, Samardanga block registers lowest SOC while Bamanpukuri block shows highest SOC stock.

scholarly journals Distribution and Geospatial Maps Based on Spatial Availability of Soil Physicochemical Characteristics at a Cyclone-affected Area in Southwestern Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Arafat Rahman ◽  
Fariha Farzana ◽  
M. S. Islam ◽  
Ishrat Jahanara ◽  
A. S. M. Mohiuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Distance Weighting

On account of evaluating and mapping the spatial distribution of some selected physicochemical attributes of soil including the percentage of sand, silt and clay, textural class, soil reaction (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), and organic matter contents over a period of last 20 years, an investigation was carried out at cyclone-afflicted Shyamnagar sub-district, Satkhira, Bangladesh. Particle size analysis was examined by following the hydrometer method, whereas pH and EC were determined instrumentally. The carbon content of the soils was examined volumetrically by the wet-oxidation method. The amount of sand was less than the silt and clay fractions in the studied sites. Silt contents were significantly increased for over 20 years. Consequently, siltation has been taken place for the last two decades. Soil salinity was associated with the development of silt texture, altered from clay loam texture. The field moisture contents were observed to be increased (52%) which attributed to the increase of clay content with depth. Investigation revealed a very slow to moderate soil permeability class. An incremental trend (4.55% to 27.27%) of pH and EC (12.25 to 46.40 mS/cm) was noticed in the present study in contrast to the study of 1996.  Alongside, corresponding spatial variability maps of the selected chemical soil properties were plotted by applying the Inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation method. Results demonstrated the southern, southeastern, and southwestern corners of the study area were experienced greater clay content, alkalinity, and significant depletion of organic matter. This situation might become worsened in near future. Moreover, the adoption of several effective countermeasures should be taken in this cyclone-affected soil to alleviate the soil salinity, improve soil health, and thereby deal with a more variable climate.

scholarly journals KAJIAN SIFAT FISIKA EMPAT TANAH UTAMA DI SUMATERA BARAT

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita ◽  
Asmar Asmar ◽  
Ari Ramayani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Physical Study ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Plant Available Water

A research about soil physical study of four main soils found in West Sumatra was conducted in 2006.  The research was aimed to determine some soil physical properties of four soil which are mostly found in West Sumatra.  The four soil orders assessed were Ultisol from Agricultural Expreriment Station Limau Manis, Oxisol from Lubuk Minturun, Entisol from Tabing Kecamatan Koto Tangah Padang, dan Andisol from Bukik Gompong Kabupaten Solok.  The result showed that at the depth of 0-20 cm soil profile.  Ultisol and Oxisol had finer texture than those of Andisol and Entisol.  Andisol was dominated by silt while Entisol was dominated by sand particles.  Andisol had the lowest bulk density and the highest soil organic matter and total porosity.  Soil Organic matter content of Entisol, Oxisol, and Ultisols was low in criteria.  Plant available water (PAW) was higher in Oxisol, then followed by Andisol, Ultisol, and Entisol.Key words: Organic matter, bulk density, texture, porosity, plant available water

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