scholarly journals Cluster and Factor Analysis of Groundwater in Mafraq Area, Jordan

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana'a Odat
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Quality Variation ◽  
Model Variation

Cluster and Factor analysis were performed on 55 well representative groundwater samples taken from Water Authority open files and samples during 2011. A total of 12 water variables data including, Na, Ca, K, Mg, CI, HCO3, SO4 and NO3 beside to chemical analysis like TC, TDS and PH were analyzed. The study finds that there are 2 factor model variation : factor one include concentration of Na , k, Mg ,Cl , EC, TDS ,NO3 ,HCO3, Ca and SO4 ,where as factor 2 includes TC and PH . These 2 factor explains 79.8% of the total groundwater quality variation. A two main hydrochemical groups were demonstrated using Q- mode cluster analysis , the first group shows the similarity between, K, Mg, NO3 and Na ,which probably represent the effects of weathering of the rich feldspare and mica , in addition to agriculture fertilizers. The second cluster is Cl and HCO3 dominated but also contains low concentration of SO4.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY FOR DRINKING PURPOSE IN CHARKHI DADRI BLOCK IN CHARKHI DADRI DISTRICT, HARYANA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Kumar ◽  
Himanshu Himanshu ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
V.S. Arya
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Water Testing ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Present Study Area ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
Drinking Purpose

Water is important for living organisms on the Earth. Present development activities have put pressure on water resources. Groundwater is under more stress because of high exploitation for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes. In the arid to semi-arid climatic zones groundwater is very important for sustaining day to day activities and agriculture and industrial purposes. The present study area Charkhi Dadri block in Charkhi Dadri district, Haryana was selected to 0 0 study groundwater quality for drinking purpose. The geo-coordinates of the study area are latitudes 28.49 N to 28.70 N 0 0 and longitudes 76.05 E to 76.47 E and covers an area of 396.57 sq. km. In the study area ten groundwater samples were collected in double capped 250 ml plastic bottles. Geo-coordinates of the sample locations were noted using mobile GPS. Chemical analysis of all the ten groundwater samples were done using Tamilnadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD), Chennai prepared Field Water Testing kit for twelve chemical parameters viz. pH, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids (TDS), fluoride, iron, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and residual chlorine. Chemical analysis results were entered in excel software and prepared bar graphs. Result of groundwater samples analysis were compared with BIS (IS 10500:2012) drinking water standard to know the suitability of groundwater for drinking purpose. The study shows that pH ranges 7 to 8, alkalinity 200 mg/l to 450 mg/l, hardness 130 mg/l to 800 mg/l, chloride 40 mg/l to 1200 mg/l, TDS 552 mg/l to 2820 mg/l, fluoride 0.5 mg/l to 5 mg/l, iron nil to 0.3 mg/l, ammonia nil to 1 mg/l, nitrite 0.2 mg/l to 1 mg/l, nitrate 45 mg/l to 100 mg/l, phosphate nil in all the ten groundwater samples and residual chlorine nil to 0.2 mg/l. The study is highly useful for planning and monitoring of groundwater for drinking purpose in the study area.

The Salinization Problem of the Deep Groundwater Based on Multivariable Statistical Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 2520-2524
Author(s):  
Ai Hua Wei ◽  
Feng Shan Ma ◽  
Dong Fei Yan ◽  
Yu Feng
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Groundwater Salinization ◽  
Classification Result ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Process ◽  
Groundwater Composition

To indentify the influence of human activities on groundwater chemistry, fifteen groundwater samples, from the mostly exploited aquifers, were collected at Tanghai County. Considering the multivariable statistical method is reliable to study the anthropogenic process affecting groundwater composition especially in the early stage, 10 measured hydrochemical variables were used in factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Factor 1 included EC, TDS, Cl-, and K+ is interpreted as relating to groundwater salinization. Factor 2 and factor 3 is mostly influenced by the water-rock interactions during the flow path and fertile contamination, respectively. Meanwhile, the Q-mode classification result reveals that the cluster 1 having high factor 1 scores also is related to the over-pumping of groundwater, in accordance with the factor analysis result. Generally, to protect freshwater resources and suitable development of this study, some related measures should be mitigated to limit groundwater mining.

scholarly journals GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES AT THE WESTERN PORTION OF THE RIVER NILE– MINIA DISTRICT- EGYPT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Mamdouh Salama Morsi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
River Nile ◽  
Groundwater Quality Assessment ◽  
Quaternary Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Western Portion

The main goal of this research is assessment the groundwater resources for irrigation purposes at the western portion of the River Nile –Minia district- Egypt. The research depend on representation and calculation the resulted of chemical analysis of 96 groundwater samples collected from 96 pumping well During autumns 2011 from quaternary aquifer. the resulted reviled that; 25% of groundwater samples within the range of none restriction on use and the rest are margin according TDS content, most of samples are good for irrigation in all soils as they located in classes (C2-S1) and (C3-S1) and suitable for irrigation all crops as belong to SAR values and RSC hazard. But it restricted by boron ion concentration.

Statistical Explanatory Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Gwale LGA, Kano State, Northwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ahmad Suleiman ◽  
Auwalu Ibrahim ◽  
Usman Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Groundwater is one of the significant sources of drinking water in the world. To protect groundwater quality for domestic consumption, it is important to undertake a periodic investigation of its quality to improve the healthy living of the ever-increasing population. In this paper, we have analyzed physical and chemical (physicochemical) concentration levels in groundwater samples collected from twenty-eight sampling locations during the raining season in Gwale, Northwest Nigeria. About fifteen physicochemical parameters such as electric conductivity (EC), turbidity (Turb), pH,  temperature (Temp), nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), total dissolved solid (TDS), chloride (Cl), sulphate (SO4), calcium (Ca), magnesium (mg), sodium (Na), total hardness (TH), iron (Fe) and alkalinity (Alk) were analyzed. The concentrations levels of groundwater parameters in each sampling location were compared with the permissible limits of drinking water qualities specified by the Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS) to determine the suitability of drinking water in the study area. Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was applied to the groundwater dataset to identify the influence of each physicochemical parameter to the groundwater contamination. Also, hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify the groundwater samples based on contamination density as well as to identify the sources of water contamination. The results from correlation analysis revealed that EC, TDS, Ca, TH, Mg, SO4, Na and Cl were influenced the water contamination in many of the study locations based on the conventional significance levels (1% and 5%). From the results of cluster analysis, three statistically significant groups (cluster 1, cluster 2 and cluster 3) were formed which were defined as lower contaminated areas, moderately contaminated areas and higher contaminated areas, respectively. The contamination levels identified in the three clusters were attributed to anthropogenic and industrial activities in the raining season. Therefore, groundwater from cluster 3 (Salanta, Hauren makaranta, Dandago, Mandawari and Magashi) are found unsuitable for drinking. This study is useful in monitoring groundwater quality and could be applied in any other location.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality of Southeastern Brazzaville, Congo

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matini Laurent ◽  
Moutou Joseph Marie
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The groundwater in southeastern Brazzaville (Congo) was analyzed for their fluoride contents and others related parameters in rainy season. The fluoride contents in water samples (wells and spring) can be gather in three classes in the study area: low, optimal, high. Fluoride concentration in water samples presents a low significant correlation with Ca2+. This suggests that fluoride in the groundwater come from fluoride-bearing minerals such as CaF2(fluorite). Maps were drawn to show the geographical distribution of EC, Ca2+, Mg2+and F-. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were applied to the dataset. Factor analysis resulted in four factors explained 76.90% of the total groundwater quality variance. Factor 1 (hardness of the groundwater) includes total hardness, the concentration of K+, Ca2+and pH. Factor 2 (low mineralization of the groundwater) includes concentrations of TDS, Cl--, SO42+and EC. Factor 3 (anthropogenic activities with the impact of agricultural fertilizers, farming activities, domestic wastewater, septic tanks) includes concentrations of Na+and NO3-. Factor 4 (weathering of calcium minerals) includes concentrations of F-. For cluster analysis, Ward’s method and the Euclidean distance were used. The findings of the cluster analysis are presented in the form of dendrogram of the well water sites (cases). The discriminating parameters between clusters have been highlighted from the Student test. In majority, they are in accordance with those highlighted by factor analysis.

Factorial Structure of the Therapist Adherence Measure-Revised (TAM-R) Within Multisystemic Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-431
Author(s):  
Aurelie M. C. Lange ◽  
Marc J. M. H. Delsing ◽  
Ron H. J. Scholte ◽  
Rachel E. A. van der Rijken
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Multisystemic Therapy ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Adherence Measure ◽  
Therapist Adherence ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Us

Abstract. The Therapist Adherence Measure (TAM-R) is a central assessment within the quality-assurance system of Multisystemic Therapy (MST). Studies into the validity and reliability of the TAM in the US have found varying numbers of latent factors. The current study aimed to reexamine its factor structure using two independent samples of families participating in MST in the Netherlands. The factor structure was explored using an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in Sample 1 ( N = 580). This resulted in a two-factor solution. The factors were labeled “therapist adherence” and “client–therapist alliance.” Four cross-loading items were dropped. Reliability of the resulting factors was good. This two-factor model showed good model fit in a subsequent Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in Sample 2 ( N = 723). The current finding of an alliance component corroborates previous studies and fits with the focus of the MST treatment model on creating engagement.

Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Geospatial Techniques and WQI in North East of Adama Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar Karuppannan ◽  
Nafyad Serre Kawo
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Geospatial Techniques ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
North East ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Health Organization

Assessment of groundwater quality is vital for the sustainable use of the resources for domestic and agricultural purposes. In this study spatial variation of physicochemical parameters were analyzed for Northeast Adama Town. Water Quality Index (WQI) and irrigation indices were used to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes, respectively. Further, the physical-chemical results were compared with the Ethiopian standards and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking and public health. Using GIS interpolation methods in Arc GIS 10.3.1, spatial distribution maps of pH, TDS, EC, Cl−, HCO32−, SO42−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+, RSC, SAR, Na% were prepared. Results indicated that except ASTU well 2, all samples are below the desirable limits of WHO. The WQI results indicated that 85% of samples and 15% of samples were in good and poor categories, respectively. Irrigation indices show that the most groundwater samples have excellent water classes, indicating that they are suitable for irrigation purposes.

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